Vittorio BOVOLIN | HYDRAULICS

cod. 0612100049

HYDRAULICS

	0612100049
	DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
	EQF6
	BSC DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
	2024/2025

PERCORSO BSC DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
	SPRING SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ICAR/01	12	120	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

	Objectives
	EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND SKILLS TO BE ACQUIRED THE COURSE OF HYDRAULICS IS AIMED TO PROVIDE ENGINEERING STUDENTS WITH THE CONCEPTUAL AND THE PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR SOLVING MANY PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF INTEREST TO CIVIL ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: A) FROM A GENERAL POINT OF VIEW OF THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULICS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ACQUIRED THROUGH THE STUDY OF TEXTBOOKS. B) FROM A SPECIFIC POINT OF VIEW THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE: - PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN THE PRESSURE BEHAVIOUR IN FLUIDS AT REST AND IN MOTION - LAWS THAT GOVERN THE MOTION OF FLUIDS FOR BOTH PRESSURE AND FREE-SURFACE FLOWS - CONCEPTS RELATED TO THE MOTION OF GROUNDWATER ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: A) FROM A GENERAL POINT OF VIEW THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING TO ADDRESS SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES RELATED TO BASIC HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING B) FROM A SPECIFIC POINT OF VIEW THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY TO: - CALCULATE FORCES ACTING ON PLANE AND CURVED SURFACES; - CHECK AND SIZING PIPES UNDER PRESSURE; - DETERMINE BACKWATER PROFILES CYLINDRICAL CHANNEL JUDGEMENT: ABILITY TO GATHER AND ANALYZE DATA IN ORDER TO MAKE JUDGMENTS AND SELF-ASSESSMENTS NOT ONLY OF TECHNICAL NATURE, BUT ALSO ON SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO HYDRAULICS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING COMMUNICATION SKILLS: COMMUNICATE COMPETENTLY INFORMATION, IDEAS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS RELATING TO HYDRAULICS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TO TECHNICAL PARTNERS AND TO TRANSFER BASIC CONCEPTS ANDS SOLUTIONS TO NON-TECHNICAL STAKEHOLDERS LEARNING SKILLS: ACQUISITION OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TOOLS NEEDED TO SOLVE NEW HYDRAULICS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND / OR TO PURSUE HIGHER STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF ADVANCED HYDRAULICS THE COURSE INCLUDES, IN ADDITION TO THE RIGOROUS TREATMENT OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS, THE PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS IN CLASSROOM AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN THE LABORATORY. THE COURSE CONSISTS OF 120 H, OF WHICH ABOUT 60% IS DEVOTED TO THEORY, 30% IS DEVOTED TO ASSISTED APPLICATIONS AND 10% TO EXAM PREPARATION. NO PROJECT WILL BE DEVELOPED IN THIS COURSE.

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND SKILLS TO BE ACQUIRED
THE COURSE OF HYDRAULICS IS AIMED TO PROVIDE ENGINEERING STUDENTS WITH THE CONCEPTUAL AND THE PRACTICAL TOOLS FOR SOLVING MANY PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF INTEREST TO CIVIL ENGINEERING

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
A) FROM A GENERAL POINT OF VIEW OF THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HYDRAULICS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ACQUIRED THROUGH THE STUDY OF TEXTBOOKS.
B) FROM A SPECIFIC POINT OF VIEW THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE:
- PRINCIPLES THAT GOVERN THE PRESSURE BEHAVIOUR IN FLUIDS AT REST AND IN MOTION
- LAWS THAT GOVERN THE MOTION OF FLUIDS FOR BOTH PRESSURE AND FREE-SURFACE FLOWS
- CONCEPTS RELATED TO THE MOTION OF GROUNDWATER

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
A) FROM A GENERAL POINT OF VIEW THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING TO ADDRESS SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL ISSUES RELATED TO BASIC HYDRAULICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
B) FROM A SPECIFIC POINT OF VIEW THE COURSE IS AIMED TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE NECESSARY TO:
- CALCULATE FORCES ACTING ON PLANE AND CURVED SURFACES;
- CHECK AND SIZING PIPES UNDER PRESSURE;
- DETERMINE BACKWATER PROFILES CYLINDRICAL CHANNEL

JUDGEMENT:
ABILITY TO GATHER AND ANALYZE DATA IN ORDER TO MAKE JUDGMENTS AND SELF-ASSESSMENTS NOT ONLY OF TECHNICAL NATURE, BUT ALSO ON SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO HYDRAULICS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
COMMUNICATE COMPETENTLY INFORMATION, IDEAS, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS RELATING TO HYDRAULICS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TO TECHNICAL PARTNERS AND TO TRANSFER BASIC CONCEPTS ANDS SOLUTIONS TO NON-TECHNICAL STAKEHOLDERS

LEARNING SKILLS:
ACQUISITION OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TOOLS NEEDED TO SOLVE NEW HYDRAULICS PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND / OR TO PURSUE HIGHER STUDIES IN THE FIELD OF ADVANCED HYDRAULICS

THE COURSE INCLUDES, IN ADDITION TO THE RIGOROUS TREATMENT OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS, THE PERFORMANCE OF SEVERAL NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS IN CLASSROOM AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES IN THE LABORATORY.
THE COURSE CONSISTS OF 120 H, OF WHICH ABOUT 60% IS DEVOTED TO THEORY, 30% IS DEVOTED TO ASSISTED APPLICATIONS AND 10% TO EXAM PREPARATION.
NO PROJECT WILL BE DEVELOPED IN THIS COURSE.

	Prerequisites
	COURSES ON BASIC PHYSICS AND PHYSICAL MATHEMATICS

	Contents
	INTRODUCTORY PROPERTIES (10 H) PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS - PRESSURE AND SHEAR STRESS - CAUCHY THEOREM – DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM HYDROSTATIC (20 H) STEVIN’S EQUATION – FLUID PRESSURE MEASUREMENT- PRESSURE DIAGRAM – FORCE ACTING ON A PLANE SURFACE - CENTRE OF PRESSURE – INTEGRAL EQUATION OF HYDROSTATICS -ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE - FORCE ACTING ON A CURVED SURFACE – STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES: METACENTRE – LIQUIDS IN RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM STEADY PRESSURE FLOW (30 H) DEFINITION OF: TRAJECTORY, STREAMLINE, STREAM TUBE AND CURRENT – EULERIAN AND LAGRANGIAN APPROACH - CONTINUITY EQUATION IN INDEFINITE FORM FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID - BERNOULLI'S THEOREM FOR FRICTIONLESS FLUIDS - POWER OF A CURRENT: EXTENSION OF THE BERNOULLI EQUATION TO A CURRENT - APPLICATION OF BERNOULLI'S THEOREM TO EFFLUX FROM ORIFICES – PITOT AND PITOT-PRANDTL TUBES – VENTURI, NOZZLE AND ORIFICE METERS - LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS: REYNOLDS EXPERIMENT - EQUATION OF MOTION FOR REAL FLUIDS: FRICTION AND MINOR LOSSES - LAMINAR FLOW: POISEILLE’S FORMULA – TURBULENT FLOW - DARCY -WEISBACH FORMULA - NIKURADSE EXPERIMENTS - SMOOTH PIPE - DEFINITION OF ROUGHNESS - MOODY - PRESSURE LOSSES FORMULAE: BLASIUS, PRANDTL, VON KARMAN AND COLEBROOK-WHITE - NOTES ON PRACTICAL FORMULAE - OVERVIEW OF PUMPS AND TURBINES – APPLICATIONS - INTEGRAL FORM OF HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATION EQUILIBRIUM AND ITS APPLICATION EXTRA MATERIALS ON TURBULENT FLOW - NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS – AVERAGED REYNOLDS EQUATIONS - REYNOLDS STRESSES – LAMINAR SUBLAYER - TURBULENT FLOW VELOCITY PROFILES STEADY FREE SURFACE FLOW (30 H) DEFINITION OF FREE SURFACE FLOW - TOTAL HEAD OF A CURRENT - CHARTS FOR THE TOTAL HEAD – CRITICAL CONDITION – SUPERCRITICAL, SUBCRITICAL AND CRITIC FLOWS – UNIFORM FLOW: RESISTANCE FORMULAE - STAIRS RUNOFF - MILD, STEEP AND CRITICAL SLOPE - EQUATION OF MOTION – BACKWATER PROFILES FOR MILD, STEEP AND CRITICAL SLOPE – BACKWATER PROFILES IN CASE OF RIVER BEDS HAVING DIFFERENT SLOPES – INTAKE FROM A LAKE – CHANNEL OUTLET – CHUTE IN A CHANNEL - GATE IN A CHANNEL – DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT FOR FREE SURFACE FLOWS: BAZIN WEIR, VENTURE CHUTE, LARGE WEIR SEEPAGE FLOW (10 H) DEFINITION OF POROUS MEDIA - DARCY'S LAW - COEFFICIENT OF PERMEABILITY AND FILTRATION - APPLICATIONS TO ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASES: PUMPING FROM PHREATIC AND ARTESIAN GROUNDWATER - EXTENSIONS TO TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL CASES: LAPLACE EQUATION - DIRICHLET AND NEUMANN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND THEIR PHYSICAL MEANING

Contents

INTRODUCTORY PROPERTIES (10 H)
PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS - PRESSURE AND SHEAR STRESS - CAUCHY THEOREM – DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

HYDROSTATIC (20 H)
STEVIN’S EQUATION – FLUID PRESSURE MEASUREMENT- PRESSURE DIAGRAM – FORCE ACTING ON A PLANE SURFACE - CENTRE OF PRESSURE – INTEGRAL EQUATION OF HYDROSTATICS -ARCHIMEDES' PRINCIPLE - FORCE ACTING ON A CURVED SURFACE – STABILITY OF FLOATING BODIES: METACENTRE – LIQUIDS IN RELATIVE EQUILIBRIUM

STEADY PRESSURE FLOW (30 H)
DEFINITION OF: TRAJECTORY, STREAMLINE, STREAM TUBE AND CURRENT – EULERIAN AND LAGRANGIAN APPROACH - CONTINUITY EQUATION IN INDEFINITE FORM FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID - BERNOULLI'S THEOREM FOR FRICTIONLESS FLUIDS - POWER OF A CURRENT: EXTENSION OF THE BERNOULLI EQUATION TO A CURRENT - APPLICATION OF BERNOULLI'S THEOREM TO EFFLUX FROM ORIFICES – PITOT AND PITOT-PRANDTL TUBES – VENTURI, NOZZLE AND ORIFICE METERS - LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS: REYNOLDS EXPERIMENT - EQUATION OF MOTION FOR REAL FLUIDS: FRICTION AND MINOR LOSSES - LAMINAR FLOW: POISEILLE’S FORMULA – TURBULENT FLOW - DARCY -WEISBACH FORMULA - NIKURADSE EXPERIMENTS - SMOOTH PIPE - DEFINITION OF ROUGHNESS - MOODY - PRESSURE LOSSES FORMULAE: BLASIUS, PRANDTL, VON KARMAN AND COLEBROOK-WHITE - NOTES ON PRACTICAL FORMULAE - OVERVIEW OF PUMPS AND TURBINES – APPLICATIONS - INTEGRAL FORM OF HYDRODYNAMIC EQUATION EQUILIBRIUM AND ITS APPLICATION
EXTRA MATERIALS ON TURBULENT FLOW - NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS – AVERAGED REYNOLDS EQUATIONS - REYNOLDS STRESSES – LAMINAR SUBLAYER - TURBULENT FLOW VELOCITY PROFILES

STEADY FREE SURFACE FLOW (30 H)
DEFINITION OF FREE SURFACE FLOW - TOTAL HEAD OF A CURRENT - CHARTS FOR THE TOTAL HEAD – CRITICAL CONDITION – SUPERCRITICAL, SUBCRITICAL AND CRITIC FLOWS – UNIFORM FLOW: RESISTANCE FORMULAE - STAIRS RUNOFF - MILD, STEEP AND CRITICAL SLOPE - EQUATION OF MOTION – BACKWATER PROFILES FOR MILD, STEEP AND CRITICAL SLOPE – BACKWATER PROFILES IN CASE OF RIVER BEDS HAVING DIFFERENT SLOPES – INTAKE FROM A LAKE – CHANNEL OUTLET – CHUTE IN A CHANNEL - GATE IN A CHANNEL – DISCHARGE MEASUREMENT FOR FREE SURFACE FLOWS: BAZIN WEIR, VENTURE CHUTE, LARGE WEIR

SEEPAGE FLOW (10 H)
DEFINITION OF POROUS MEDIA - DARCY'S LAW - COEFFICIENT OF PERMEABILITY AND FILTRATION - APPLICATIONS TO ONE-DIMENSIONAL CASES: PUMPING FROM PHREATIC AND ARTESIAN GROUNDWATER - EXTENSIONS TO TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL CASES: LAPLACE EQUATION - DIRICHLET AND NEUMANN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND THEIR PHYSICAL MEANING

	Teaching Methods
	LECTURES (65%) LECTURES WITH NUMERICAL EXERCISES (30%) LECTURES IN LABORATORY (5%) MINIMUM REQUIREMENT ABOUT CLASS ATTENDANCE ARE SET ACCORDING TO REGULATION IN ACT

	Verification of learning
	EXAMS WILL TAKE PLACE AFTER THE END OF THE COURSE ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL SCHEDULE AIM OF THE EXAM IS TO VERIFY THE STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE COURSE TOPICS THE EXAM IS PERFORMED BY AN ORAL COLLOQUIUM CONTAINING THEORETICAL QUESTIONS AND NUMERICAL EXERCISES, THE ORAL COLLOQUIUM CONCERNS QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE THEORY UNDERLYING THE NUMERICAL EXERCISES THE ORAL COLLOQUIUM LASTS ON AVERAGE ABOUT 30 MIN THE “LAUDE” WILL BE AWARDED ACCORDING THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA: - QUALITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE USED - ABILITY TO CORRELATE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE COURSE AND, WHEN APPROPRIATED, WITH OTHER COURSES - ABILITY TO ADDRESS IN AN AUTONOMOUS MANNER PROBLEMS NOT EXPRESSLY DISCUSSED DURING THE COURSE

Verification of learning

EXAMS WILL TAKE PLACE AFTER THE END OF THE COURSE ACCORDING TO THE OFFICIAL SCHEDULE
AIM OF THE EXAM IS TO VERIFY THE STUDENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE COURSE TOPICS
THE EXAM IS PERFORMED BY AN ORAL COLLOQUIUM CONTAINING THEORETICAL QUESTIONS AND NUMERICAL EXERCISES,
THE ORAL COLLOQUIUM CONCERNS QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE THEORY UNDERLYING THE NUMERICAL EXERCISES
THE ORAL COLLOQUIUM LASTS ON AVERAGE ABOUT 30 MIN
THE “LAUDE” WILL BE AWARDED ACCORDING THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA:
- QUALITY AND APPROPRIATENESS OF THE SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE USED
- ABILITY TO CORRELATE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THE COURSE AND, WHEN APPROPRIATED, WITH OTHER COURSES
- ABILITY TO ADDRESS IN AN AUTONOMOUS MANNER PROBLEMS NOT EXPRESSLY DISCUSSED DURING THE COURSE

	Texts
	CENGEL CIMBAIA FLUID MECHANICS MC GRAW-HILL

	More Information
	RECEPTION HOURS PERIOD OUT OF COURSES MON-THU 10,30-12,30 DURING THE COURSE 1 HOUR AFTER LESSONS

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Vittorio BOVOLIN | HYDRAULICS

HYDRAULICS

PERCORSO BSC DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

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Vittorio BOVOLIN | HYDRAULICS