Gennaro CUCCURULLO | FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND HEATING PLANTS

cod. 0612100051

FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND HEATING PLANTS

	0612100051
	DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
	EQF6
	BSC DEGREE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
	2023/2024

PERCORSO COMUNE

	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
	AUTUMN SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ING-IND/11	6	60	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

	Objectives
	THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER. THE COURSE, IS OF 6 CREDITS. IN THE FIRST HALF THE STUDY OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS IS FACED, IN THE SECOND HALF THE STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING THE MAIN KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED BY THE STUDENT IN THE COURSE ARE: - I AND II LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS - STATE THERMODYNAMICS - APPLICATIONS OF I AND II THERMODYNAMICS LAW ON COMPONENTS OF HEATING SYSTEMS - HEAT PUMP AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEM - CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER - CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER - RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: - CALCULATE THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES - ANALYZE THE COMPONENTS OF A HEATING SYSTEM IN TERMS OF I AND II LAW - ANALYZE A THERMAL POWER PLANT IN TERMS OF I AND II LAW - ANALYZE IN TERMS OF I AND II LAW HEAT PUMPS / REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS - TRANSLATE HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS INTO FORMAL LANGUAGE - ADDRESS THE CORRESPONDING ANALYTICAL SOLUTION, EVEN APPROXIMATELY OR GRAPHICALLY AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT KNOWING HOW TO SELECT THE MOST APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGIES TO ADDRESS THE STUDY INVOLVING ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS AND TO HEAT TRANSFER COMMUNICATION SKILLS THE STUDENT IS REQUIRED TO BE ABLE TO REPRESENT, BY WRITTEN AND ORAL TESTS, THE CONCEPTS ACQUIRED DURING THE COURSE IN A CLEAR AND COINCISE WAY AND WITH AN APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. LEARNING SKILLS THE STUDENT IS REQUIRED TO USE AND APPLY IN SEVERAL CONTEXTS THE HABITS ACQUIRED SO TO DEEPEN TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE FOR THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER. THE COURSE,
IS OF 6 CREDITS. IN THE FIRST HALF THE STUDY OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS IS FACED, IN THE SECOND HALF THE STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
THE MAIN KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED BY THE STUDENT IN THE COURSE ARE:
- I AND II LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS
- STATE THERMODYNAMICS
- APPLICATIONS OF I AND II THERMODYNAMICS LAW ON COMPONENTS OF HEATING SYSTEMS
- HEAT PUMP AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
- CONDUCTION HEAT TRANSFER
- CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER
- RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
- CALCULATE THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
- ANALYZE THE COMPONENTS OF A HEATING SYSTEM IN TERMS OF I AND II LAW
- ANALYZE A THERMAL POWER PLANT IN TERMS OF I AND II LAW
- ANALYZE IN TERMS OF I AND II LAW HEAT PUMPS / REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
- TRANSLATE HEAT TRANSFER PROBLEMS INTO FORMAL LANGUAGE
- ADDRESS THE CORRESPONDING ANALYTICAL SOLUTION, EVEN APPROXIMATELY OR GRAPHICALLY

AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT
KNOWING HOW TO SELECT THE MOST APPROPRIATE METHODOLOGIES TO ADDRESS THE STUDY INVOLVING ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS AND TO HEAT TRANSFER

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
THE STUDENT IS REQUIRED TO BE ABLE TO REPRESENT, BY WRITTEN AND ORAL TESTS, THE CONCEPTS ACQUIRED DURING THE COURSE IN A CLEAR AND COINCISE WAY AND WITH AN APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE.

LEARNING SKILLS
THE STUDENT IS REQUIRED TO USE AND APPLY IN SEVERAL CONTEXTS THE HABITS ACQUIRED SO TO DEEPEN TECHNICAL PROBLEMS

	Prerequisites
	FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES, THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC NOTIONS AS GIVEN IN THE FIRST YEAR COURSES OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS IS REQUIRED.

	Contents
	THERMODYNAMICS BASIC CONCEPTS (3 H) - SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENT. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES. THERMODYNAMIC STATE. SIMPLE AND COMPRESSIBLEE SYSTEM. THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. ALMOST STATIC AND CYCLE TRANSFORMATIONS. ENERGY, WORK AND HEAT. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - ENERGY POSTULATE. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR ISOLATED SYSTEMS. MEASURABILITY AND CONTROLLABILITY OF ENERGY. OTHER FORMULATIONS OF THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR A CLOSED SYSTEM. LIMITS OF THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS (4 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - ENTROPY POSTULATE. ENTROPY PROPERTIES. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR ISOLATED SYSTEMS. MEASURABILITY OF ENTROPY. GIBBS EQUATIONS. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS. INEQUALITY OF CLAUSIUS. VOLUME CHANGE WORK. SPECIFIC HEAT. ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS. DIRECT AND REVERSE CARNOT CYCLES. GENERAL LAWS OF OPEN SYSTEMS (6 H THEORY - 4 H EXERCISE) - CONTINUITY EQUATION OF THE MASS. I AND II LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. MECHANICAL ENERGY EQUATION. STATES THERMODYNAMICS (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - PHASE IDENTIFICATION. THERMODYNAMIC PLANS. LIQUIDS, SOLIDS, STEAM AND GAS: MODELS, CALCULATION OF THE PROPERTIES AND TRANSFORMATIONS. STEADY 1D CONDUCTION (6 H THEORY - 4H EXERCISE) - THE CONDUCTION EQUATION. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. STEADY ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT CONDUCTION IN SIMPLE GEOMETRIES. UNSTEADY HEAT CONDUCTION CONVECTION (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - ANALYSIS OF CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER. DIMENSIONLESS BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS AND SIMILARITY PARAMETERS. PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING THE CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT. FORCED CONVECTION INSIDE TUBES. RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - THERMAL RADIATION: SPECTRAL AND DIRECTIONAL FEATURES. BLACKBODY RADIATION. RADIATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAQUE SURFACES.

Contents

THERMODYNAMICS
BASIC CONCEPTS (3 H) - SYSTEM AND ENVIRONMENT. THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES. THERMODYNAMIC STATE. SIMPLE AND COMPRESSIBLEE SYSTEM. THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. ALMOST STATIC AND CYCLE TRANSFORMATIONS. ENERGY, WORK AND HEAT.

FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - ENERGY POSTULATE. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR ISOLATED SYSTEMS. MEASURABILITY AND CONTROLLABILITY OF ENERGY. OTHER FORMULATIONS OF THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR A CLOSED SYSTEM. LIMITS OF THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS (4 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - ENTROPY POSTULATE. ENTROPY PROPERTIES. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR ISOLATED SYSTEMS. MEASURABILITY OF ENTROPY. GIBBS EQUATIONS. SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS FOR CLOSED SYSTEMS. INEQUALITY OF CLAUSIUS. VOLUME CHANGE WORK. SPECIFIC HEAT. ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS. DIRECT AND REVERSE CARNOT CYCLES.

GENERAL LAWS OF OPEN SYSTEMS (6 H THEORY - 4 H EXERCISE) - CONTINUITY EQUATION OF THE MASS. I AND II LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. MECHANICAL ENERGY EQUATION.

STATES THERMODYNAMICS (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - PHASE IDENTIFICATION. THERMODYNAMIC PLANS. LIQUIDS, SOLIDS, STEAM AND GAS: MODELS, CALCULATION OF THE PROPERTIES AND TRANSFORMATIONS.

STEADY 1D CONDUCTION (6 H THEORY - 4H EXERCISE) - THE CONDUCTION EQUATION. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS. STEADY ONE-DIMENSIONAL HEAT CONDUCTION IN SIMPLE GEOMETRIES. UNSTEADY HEAT CONDUCTION

CONVECTION (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - ANALYSIS OF CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER. DIMENSIONLESS BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS AND SIMILARITY PARAMETERS. PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING THE CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT. FORCED CONVECTION INSIDE TUBES.

RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER (3 H THEORY - 2 H EXERCISE) - THERMAL RADIATION: SPECTRAL AND DIRECTIONAL FEATURES. BLACKBODY RADIATION. RADIATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPAQUE SURFACES.

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE INCLUDES 60 HOURS OF ASSISTED DIDACTICS, ARRANGED IN 40 HOURS OF FRONTAL THEORETICAL LESSONS AND 20 HOURS OF CLASSROOM EXERCISES. NUMERICAL EXERCISES SUITABLY SELECTED ARE ASSIGNED TO STUDENTS WITH THE PURPOSE OF DEEPENING THE CONCEPTS CONCERNING THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER. DURING THE EXERCISES THE TEACHERS ASSIST THE STUDENTS WITH THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING AND STRENGTHENING THE STUDENT'S ABILITY IN ADDRESSING THE APPLICATION WHILE RECALLING THE SUBTENDED THEORETICAL CONCEPTS.

Teaching Methods

THE COURSE INCLUDES 60 HOURS OF ASSISTED DIDACTICS, ARRANGED IN 40 HOURS OF FRONTAL THEORETICAL LESSONS AND 20 HOURS OF CLASSROOM EXERCISES. NUMERICAL EXERCISES SUITABLY SELECTED ARE ASSIGNED TO STUDENTS WITH THE PURPOSE OF DEEPENING THE CONCEPTS CONCERNING THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER. DURING THE EXERCISES THE TEACHERS ASSIST THE STUDENTS WITH THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING AND STRENGTHENING THE STUDENT'S ABILITY IN ADDRESSING THE APPLICATION WHILE RECALLING THE SUBTENDED THEORETICAL CONCEPTS.

	Verification of learning
	THE LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHING OBJECTIVES IS CERTIFIED BY PASSING AN EXAM WITH ASSESSMENT IN 30TH. STUDENTS MUST FIRST OVERCOME WRITTEN EXAM AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE ORAL EXAM. TO ACCESS THE ORAL EXAMS STUDENTS MUST PASS THE WRITTEN TESTS WITH A MINIMUM RATING OF 18/30. THE SCORE OF THE WRITTEN TEST IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLASSES (S, M, B, O). THE RESULTS OF THE WRITTEN TEST ARE AVAILABLE ON THE WEB PAGES OF THE PROFESSOR. EXAMS WILL BE HELD ON AVERAGE SEVEN DAYS DISTANCE FROM THE WRITTEN TEST. THE PURPOSE OF THE WRITTEN TEST IS TO ASSESS THE STUDENT'S OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES IN ADDRESSING THE PROBLEMS OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS. THE WRITTEN TEST TYPICALLY INCLUDES TWO EXERCISES, TO BE CARRIED OUT IN 2 HOURS. THE FIRST EXERCISE CONCERNS THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CLOSED OR OPEN SYSTEMS. THE SECOND EXERCISE IS ABOUT THE RESOLUTION OF A COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM. FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE EXERCISES IT IS NECESSARY TO USE COMPLEMENTARY DIDACTIC MATERIAL (FORMULAS, DIAGRAMS, TABLES) AVAILABLE ON TEXT OR WEBSITE OF PROF. CUCCURULLO. THE ORAL TEST IS INTENDED TO DEEPEN THE LEVEL OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE, THE AUTONOMY OF ANALYSIS AND JUDGMENT, AS WELL AS THE STUDENT'S EXPOSITIVE CAPABILITIES. DURING THE ORAL EXAMINATION, QUESTIONS MAY BE ASKED ABOUT ALL THE PROGRAM DEVELEPED ALONG THE COURSE. THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF EVALUATION (18/30) IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS A LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER, AS WELL AS LOW EXPOSURE CAPABILITY. THE MAXIMUM LEVEL (30/30) IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS A COMPLETE AND IN-DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ABOVE ARGUMENTS AND METHODS AND IS ABLE TO SOLVE THE PROPOSED PROBLEMS BY ADOPTING THE MOST APPROPRIATE APPROACH. THE FINAL VOTE IS OBTAINED AS THE AVERAGE OF THE RESULTS ACHIEVED IN THE ORAL AND WRITTEN EXAMS. HONORS ARE ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE CANDIDATE EXHIBITS HIGH-LEVEL THEORETICAL AND OPERATIVE SKILLS, AS WELL AS GOOD COMMUNICATION AND AUTONOMOUS PROCESSING CAPABILITIES, EVEN IN AREAS OTHER THAN THOSE PROPOSED BY THE PROFESSORS.

Verification of learning

THE LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHING OBJECTIVES IS CERTIFIED BY PASSING AN EXAM WITH ASSESSMENT IN 30TH. STUDENTS MUST FIRST OVERCOME WRITTEN EXAM AND SUBSEQUENTLY THE ORAL EXAM. TO ACCESS THE ORAL EXAMS STUDENTS MUST PASS THE WRITTEN TESTS WITH A MINIMUM RATING OF 18/30. THE SCORE OF THE WRITTEN TEST IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR CLASSES (S, M, B, O). THE RESULTS OF THE WRITTEN TEST ARE AVAILABLE ON THE WEB PAGES OF THE PROFESSOR. EXAMS WILL BE HELD ON AVERAGE SEVEN DAYS DISTANCE FROM THE WRITTEN TEST.
THE PURPOSE OF THE WRITTEN TEST IS TO ASSESS THE STUDENT'S OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES IN ADDRESSING THE PROBLEMS OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS.
THE WRITTEN TEST TYPICALLY INCLUDES TWO EXERCISES, TO BE CARRIED OUT IN 2 HOURS. THE FIRST EXERCISE CONCERNS THE THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CLOSED OR OPEN SYSTEMS. THE SECOND EXERCISE IS ABOUT THE RESOLUTION OF A COMBINED HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM. FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE EXERCISES IT IS NECESSARY TO USE COMPLEMENTARY DIDACTIC MATERIAL (FORMULAS, DIAGRAMS, TABLES) AVAILABLE ON TEXT OR WEBSITE OF PROF. CUCCURULLO.
THE ORAL TEST IS INTENDED TO DEEPEN THE LEVEL OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE, THE AUTONOMY OF ANALYSIS AND JUDGMENT, AS WELL AS THE STUDENT'S EXPOSITIVE CAPABILITIES.
DURING THE ORAL EXAMINATION, QUESTIONS MAY BE ASKED ABOUT ALL THE PROGRAM DEVELEPED ALONG THE COURSE.
THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF EVALUATION (18/30) IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS A LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER, AS WELL AS LOW EXPOSURE CAPABILITY.
THE MAXIMUM LEVEL (30/30) IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS A COMPLETE AND IN-DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ABOVE ARGUMENTS AND METHODS AND IS ABLE TO SOLVE THE PROPOSED PROBLEMS BY ADOPTING THE MOST APPROPRIATE APPROACH.
THE FINAL VOTE IS OBTAINED AS THE AVERAGE OF THE RESULTS ACHIEVED IN THE ORAL AND WRITTEN EXAMS.
HONORS ARE ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE CANDIDATE EXHIBITS HIGH-LEVEL THEORETICAL AND OPERATIVE SKILLS, AS WELL AS GOOD COMMUNICATION AND AUTONOMOUS PROCESSING CAPABILITIES, EVEN IN AREAS OTHER THAN THOSE PROPOSED BY THE PROFESSORS.

	Texts
	G. CUCCURULLO, ELEMENTI DI TERMODINAMÍCA E TRASMISSIONE DEL CALORE, MAGGIOLI, 2016. FURTHER READINGS: MORAN, SHAPIRO, MUNSON, DEWITT. ELEMENTI DI FISICA TECNICA PER L'INGEGNERIA, MCGRAW-HILL. OZISIK. HEAT TRANSFER: A BASIC APPROACH, MCGRAW-HILL. BEJAN, CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER, WILEY. THE MATERIAL FOR EXERCISES IS AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE WWW.RINOCUCCURULLO.COM. SLIDES, EXAMINATION TESTS, VIDEO LESSONS, GUIDED EXERCISES AND FURTHER INFORMATION ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.

Texts

G. CUCCURULLO, ELEMENTI DI TERMODINAMÍCA E TRASMISSIONE DEL CALORE, MAGGIOLI, 2016.

FURTHER READINGS:
MORAN, SHAPIRO, MUNSON, DEWITT. ELEMENTI DI FISICA TECNICA PER L'INGEGNERIA, MCGRAW-HILL.

OZISIK. HEAT TRANSFER: A BASIC APPROACH, MCGRAW-HILL.
BEJAN, CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER, WILEY.

THE MATERIAL FOR EXERCISES IS AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE WWW.RINOCUCCURULLO.COM. SLIDES, EXAMINATION TESTS, VIDEO LESSONS, GUIDED EXERCISES AND FURTHER INFORMATION ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.

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Gennaro CUCCURULLO | FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS AND HEATING PLANTS