Carlo CRESCENZI | ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

cod. 0760300010

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

	0760300010
	DIPARTIMENTO DI FARMACIA
	EQF7
	PHARMACY
	2024/2025

PERCORSO PHARMACY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2023
	AUTUMN SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	CHIM/01	6	48	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

	Objectives
	The course aims to provide the essential foundations for a complete vision of the analytical process, starting from the choice of the analysis method up to the elaboration and interpretation of the analytical results. By the end of the Course the student will know: will possess a general knowledge of qualitative and quantitative analysis; In particular, he will know the theoretical basis of the classical gravimetric, volumetric as well as instrumental methods especially concerning spectrophotometric techniques, extraction and chromatographic separations. Furthermore, he will know the methods of statistical analysis necessary for the correct evaluation of the results. By the end of the Course the student will be able to: - apply the stoichiometric calculation necessary for the use of gravimetric and volumetric methods - plan the use of spectrophotometric techniques a well as extraction and chromatographic separation in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative information; - interpret a chromatogram also in terms of evaluating efficiency and resolution; - apply statistical methods and tests to interpret data and evaluate their reliability.

The course aims to provide the essential foundations for a complete vision of the analytical process, starting from the choice of the analysis method up to the elaboration and interpretation of the analytical results.

By the end of the Course the student will know:
will possess a general knowledge of qualitative and quantitative analysis;
In particular, he will know the theoretical basis of the classical gravimetric, volumetric as well as instrumental methods especially concerning spectrophotometric techniques, extraction and chromatographic separations.
Furthermore, he will know the methods of statistical analysis necessary for the correct evaluation of the results.

By the end of the Course the student will be able to:
- apply the stoichiometric calculation necessary for the use of gravimetric and volumetric methods
- plan the use of spectrophotometric techniques a well as extraction and chromatographic separation in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative information;
- interpret a chromatogram also in terms of evaluating efficiency and resolution;
- apply statistical methods and tests to interpret data and evaluate their reliability.

	Prerequisites
	TO GAIN ACCESS TO THE EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE PASSED THE EXAMINATION OF GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. APPROPRIATE PROFICIENCY IN BASIC MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND STOICHIOMETRY AS WELL AS SOME KNOWLEDGE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ARE ALSO REQUIRED.

	Contents
	FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY FIGURE OF MERITS AND RELIABILITY: SENSITIVITY, SELECTIVITY, DYNAMIC RANGE, ROBUSTNESS, ACCURACY, PRECISION, TRUENESS. RECOVERY AND DILUTION TESTS. STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA. ERRORS; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS; TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, T-TEST, F TEST, DIXON TEST (OR Q-TEST); CALIBRATION METHODS: EXTERNAL STANDARDS, INTERNAL STANDARDS, STANDARD ADDITION; VARIABLE CORRELATION AND REGRESSION; INTRODUCTION TO MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS. CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ACTIVITY AND CONCENTRATION, IONIC STRENGTH. EQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTION. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS; COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS; PRECIPITATION TITRATIONS; REDOX TITRATIONS. GRAVIMETRIC TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS. BASIC CONCEPTS ON INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES THE ANALYTICAL SIGNAL, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS. SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES: DEFINITION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS AND MATTER: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION, ENERGY LEVELS AND TRANSITIONS. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA; LAMBERT-BEER'S LAW. UV-VIS AND IR SPECTROSCOPY. ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY. REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY. SEPARATIONS TECHNIQUES: LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION. SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION. CHROMATOGRAPHY THE PRINCIPLES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. HYPHENATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY. SHORT INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS. POTENTIOMETRY. VOLTAMMETRY. CONDUCTIMETRY.

Contents

FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
FIGURE OF MERITS AND RELIABILITY: SENSITIVITY, SELECTIVITY, DYNAMIC RANGE, ROBUSTNESS, ACCURACY, PRECISION, TRUENESS. RECOVERY AND DILUTION TESTS.
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA.
ERRORS; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS; TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, T-TEST, F TEST, DIXON TEST (OR Q-TEST); CALIBRATION METHODS: EXTERNAL STANDARDS, INTERNAL STANDARDS, STANDARD ADDITION; VARIABLE CORRELATION AND REGRESSION; INTRODUCTION TO MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS.
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ACTIVITY AND CONCENTRATION, IONIC STRENGTH. EQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTION.
ACID-BASE TITRATIONS; COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS; PRECIPITATION TITRATIONS; REDOX TITRATIONS.
GRAVIMETRIC TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS.
BASIC CONCEPTS ON INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
THE ANALYTICAL SIGNAL, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS.
SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES:
DEFINITION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS AND MATTER: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION, ENERGY LEVELS AND TRANSITIONS. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA; LAMBERT-BEER'S LAW.
UV-VIS AND IR SPECTROSCOPY. ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY. REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY.
SEPARATIONS TECHNIQUES:
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION. SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
THE PRINCIPLES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. HYPHENATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY.
SHORT INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS. POTENTIOMETRY. VOLTAMMETRY. CONDUCTIMETRY.

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE CONSISTS OF LECTURES AND NUMERICAL EXERCISES IN BOTH GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL SETTINGS, USING CALCULATORS AND SPREADSHEETS (ON COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES) FOR A TOTAL OF 48 HOURS. THE PURPOSE OF THE NUMERICAL EXERCISES IS TO VERIFY THE ACTUAL MASTERY OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE CANDIDATE'S ABILITY TO APPLY THEM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYTICAL ISSUES. THE REPORTS OF THE EXERCISES WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE CLASSROOM AND/OR INDIVIDUALLY DURING OFFICE HOURS. THE COLLECTED EXERCISE REPORTS WILL BE USED IN THE EVALUATION OF THE EXAM. ATTENDANCE IN THE COURSE IS MANDATORY.

Teaching Methods

THE COURSE CONSISTS OF LECTURES AND NUMERICAL EXERCISES IN BOTH GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL SETTINGS, USING CALCULATORS AND SPREADSHEETS (ON COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES) FOR A TOTAL OF 48 HOURS.

THE PURPOSE OF THE NUMERICAL EXERCISES IS TO VERIFY THE ACTUAL MASTERY OF KNOWLEDGE AND THE CANDIDATE'S ABILITY TO APPLY THEM IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYTICAL ISSUES.

THE REPORTS OF THE EXERCISES WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE CLASSROOM AND/OR INDIVIDUALLY DURING OFFICE HOURS. THE COLLECTED EXERCISE REPORTS WILL BE USED IN THE EVALUATION OF THE EXAM.

ATTENDANCE IN THE COURSE IS MANDATORY.

	Verification of learning
	THE ACTUAL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES BY THE STUDENT WILL OCCUR THROUGH TWO ASSESSMENTS, ONE WRITTEN AND ONE ORAL. BOTH ASSESSMENTS (OF THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE) MUST BE PASSED IN THE SAME SESSION. IN THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT, STUDENTS WILL BE ASKED TO SOLVE AT LEAST 5 OUT OF 8 EXERCISES WITHIN 90 MINUTES. THE RESOLUTION OF THESE EXERCISES AIMS TO VERIFY THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO APPLY AND PROPERLY MANAGE STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS IN DILUTIONS, PH CALCULATIONS, BUFFER SOLUTIONS, VOLUMETRIC TITRATIONS, SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA, AND SOME EXAMPLES OF ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THESE PRINCIPLES. PASSING THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT IS ESSENTIAL TO PROCEED TO THE ORAL ASSESSMENT AND WILL ACCOUNT FOR 50% OF THE FINAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE. THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENTS WILL BE GRADED AS FOLLOWS: A = FULLY SATISFACTORY B = SATISFACTORY C = INSUFFICIENT (NOT ALLOWED TO PROCEED TO THE ORAL ASSESSMENT) ALLOWED = DURING THE ORAL ASSESSMENT, THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY HAVE FILLED THE GAPS IDENTIFIED IN THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT. THE ORAL ASSESSMENT, LASTING APPROXIMATELY 20 MINUTES, WILL VERIFY THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, EVALUATION AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA, CALIBRATION METHODS, PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES, AND EXTRACTION AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUES. THE SCORE OF THE ORAL ASSESSMENT DEPENDS ON THE DEPTH OF THE WRITTEN REPORT AND THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY PRESENT THE CONTENT AND CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE TOPICS COVERED. THE RESULTS ACHIEVED IN THE EXERCISES MAY BE CONSIDERED FOR EXEMPTION FROM THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT. THE EXEMPTION WILL ONLY BE VALID FOR THE NEXT EXAMINATION SESSION FOLLOWING THE COMPLETION OF THE COURSE.

Verification of learning

THE ACTUAL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES BY THE STUDENT WILL OCCUR THROUGH TWO ASSESSMENTS, ONE WRITTEN AND ONE ORAL.

BOTH ASSESSMENTS (OF THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE) MUST BE PASSED IN THE SAME SESSION.

IN THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT, STUDENTS WILL BE ASKED TO SOLVE AT LEAST 5 OUT OF 8 EXERCISES WITHIN 90 MINUTES. THE RESOLUTION OF THESE EXERCISES AIMS TO VERIFY THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO APPLY AND PROPERLY MANAGE STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS IN DILUTIONS, PH CALCULATIONS, BUFFER SOLUTIONS, VOLUMETRIC TITRATIONS, SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA, AND SOME EXAMPLES OF ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THESE PRINCIPLES.

PASSING THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT IS ESSENTIAL TO PROCEED TO THE ORAL ASSESSMENT AND WILL ACCOUNT FOR 50% OF THE FINAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE.

THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENTS WILL BE GRADED AS FOLLOWS:
A = FULLY SATISFACTORY
B = SATISFACTORY
C = INSUFFICIENT (NOT ALLOWED TO PROCEED TO THE ORAL ASSESSMENT)
ALLOWED = DURING THE ORAL ASSESSMENT, THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY HAVE FILLED THE GAPS IDENTIFIED IN THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT.

THE ORAL ASSESSMENT, LASTING APPROXIMATELY 20 MINUTES, WILL VERIFY THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, EVALUATION AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA, CALIBRATION METHODS, PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES, AND EXTRACTION AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION TECHNIQUES.

THE SCORE OF THE ORAL ASSESSMENT DEPENDS ON THE DEPTH OF THE WRITTEN REPORT AND THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY PRESENT THE CONTENT AND CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE TOPICS COVERED.

THE RESULTS ACHIEVED IN THE EXERCISES MAY BE CONSIDERED FOR EXEMPTION FROM THE WRITTEN ASSESSMENT. THE EXEMPTION WILL ONLY BE VALID FOR THE NEXT EXAMINATION SESSION FOLLOWING THE COMPLETION OF THE COURSE.

	Texts
	DANIEL C. HARRIS; CHARLES A. LUCY, QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, TENTH EDITION\| 2020 DOUGLAS A. SKOOG, DONALD M. WEST, F. JAMES HOLLER, STANLEY R. CROUCH, FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, CENGAGE LEARNING DAVID HARVEY, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2.1 , HTTPS://CHEM.LIBRETEXTS.ORG/BOOKSHELVES/ANALYTICAL_CHEMISTRY

	More Information
	THE COURSE IS TAUGHT IN ITALIAN THE ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY LOCATION: DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY

Lessons Timetable

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Carlo CRESCENZI | ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY