2. Professors
  3. Teaching

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

Francesca RIZZO GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

1012100006
DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA, CHIRURGIA E ODONTOIATRIA "SCUOLA MEDICA SALERNITANA"
EQF6
NURSING
2018/2019

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 1
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2013
SECONDO SEMESTRE
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
1NOZIONI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD PATOLOGIA GENERALE
224LESSONS
2NOZIONI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD GENETICA MEDICA
112LESSONS
3NOZIONI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD PATOLOGIA CLINICA
112LESSONS


FRANCESCA RIZZO21 T Curriculum
GIOVANNI NASSA1 Curriculum
PIETRO GIOIELLO2 Curriculum
GAETANO SCHIAVO3 Curriculum
Objectives
THE COURSE PROVIDES THE BASICS OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PHYSIOPATHOLOGY WITH THE AIM OF GIVING STUDENTS THE NECESSARY KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND THE MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAIN ALTERATIONS OF THE HOMEOSTATIC SYSTEMS OF THE ORGANISM, FIRST, AND THE FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES ON THE ORGANS AND SYSTEMS THEN, WITH PARTICULAR REGARD, ON THE ONE HAND, TO THE PHENOMENA OF A GENERAL NATURE AND ON THE OTHER HAND TO THE ORGAN- OR TISSUE-SPECIFIC PHENOMENA. THE GENETICS MODULE AIMS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE METHODS OF DUPLICATION, TRANSMISSION AND EXPRESSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION INCLUDING STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF GENES AND GENOMES. THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE PROVIDES THE NOTIONS FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN LABORATORY MEDICINE INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO THE MOST COMMON PATHOLOGIES. THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE TRAINING AIMED AT ACQUIRING SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE THAT CAN BE APPLIED IN NURSING PRACTICE.

KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND
- KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT DETERMINE THE DISEASE STATUS.
- KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
- KNOWLEDGE OF THE MECHANISMS OF TRANSMISSION, MUTATION, GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION, THE FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND THE DEGENERATIONS UNDERLYING THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS OF THE GENOME.
- KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN LABORATORY MEDICINE INVESTIGATIONS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING SKILLS APPLIED
- ABILITY TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND THE CLINICAL PICTURE OF DISEASES.
- ABILITY TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND THE TECHNIQUES OF THE NURSING PROFESSION AND THE MAIN DIAGNOSTIC TESTS.
- ABILITY TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TO EVALUATE THE APPROPRIATENESS OF SPECIFIC INTERVENTIONS OF THE PROFESSION.

AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO ACQUIRE A SCIENTIFIC MENTALITY CAPABLE OF EVALUATING WITH AVAILABLE DATA THE BEST PROCEDURES TO BE APPLIED IN THE NURSING FIELD.
Prerequisites
ACQUISITION OF CONTENTS CONCERNING THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES IS REQUIRED: CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY. OVERCOMING THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY EXAMS IS REQUIRED.
Contents
GENERAL PATHOLOGY MODULE
DEFINITION OF DISEASE AND MORBID CONDITION, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF ILLNESS.
INTRINSIC CAUSE OF DISEASE: GENERAL CONCEPTS.
PROCESSES WITH A DEFENSIVE PURPOSE.
INFLAMMATION. ACUTE INFLAMMATION: BLOOD-VASCULAR PHENOMENA, PHAGOCYTOSIS, EXUDATES, INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
FEVER, DEFINITION. THERMOREGULATION
COURSE AND TYPES OF FEVER.
REPAIR AND REGRESSIVE PROCESSES.
PATHOLOGICAL GROWTH: NORMAL CELL GROWTH, CELL CYCLE, ITS REGULATION AND ALTERATIONS.
TUMORS: DEFINITION. GENETIC ASPECTS OF NEOPLASTIC DEVELOPMENT.
HORMONES: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND DOSAGES.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONES.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.
DIABETES: DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION, PATHOGENESIS AND CONSEQUENT METABOLIC ALTERATIONS.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.
INNATE IMMUNITY AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT.
STAGES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE.
ANTIBODIES. THE STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS.
CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS.
ALLERGIES AND HYPERSENSITIVITY.
TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITY. AUTOIMMUNITY.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES.
MONOCLONAL AND POLYCLONAL GAMMOPATHY.
IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTS.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT.
CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL EFFECTS OF ANEMIAS.
POLYCYTHEMIAS AND POLYGLOBULIAS.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LEUKOPOIESIS. LEUKEMIA AND ERYTREMIA.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COAGULATION AND CIRCULATION.
HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION; DEFINITION AND PATHOGENESIS OF THROMBOSIS AND EMBOLISM.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER.
PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.

MEDICAL GENETICS MODULE
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GENES AND HUMAN GENOME.
STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF DNA.
TRANSCRIPTION AND MATURATION OF RNAS.
EXONS-INTRON STRUCTURE.
ALTERNATIVE TRANSCRIPTS AND PROTEIN ISOFORMS.
SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS AND GENETIC CODE.
ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN GENOME.
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES.
EUCROMATIN AND HETEROCHROMATIN.
SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY OF CHROMOSOMES.
THE CELL CYCLE.
MITOSIS.
MEIOSI.
MENDEL'S LAWS.
CLASSICAL MENDELIAN INHERITANCE.
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE INHERITANCE.
X-LINKED INHERITANCE.
MUTATIONS AND POLYMORPHISMS.
SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED MUTATIONS.
CLASSIFICATION OF MUTATIONS.
POINT MUTATIONS.
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS.
NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE.
MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE.
EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS: METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION.
DYNAMIC MUTATIONS.
GENETIC IMPRINTING.
THE GENETICS OF CANCER.

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE
GENERAL INFORMATION ON BIOLOGICAL LIQUIDS.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS.
ERRORS IN DIAGNOSTICS (PRE-ANALYTICAL, ANALYTICAL, POST-ANALYTICAL PHASE).
BLOOD CELLS, FEATURES AND FUNCTION.
DIAGNOSIS OF BLOOD CELLS.
THE BLOOD COUNT, THE ERYTHROCYTE INDICES.
CORRELATION OF REFERENCE VALUES TO GENDER, AGE AND RACE.
CORRECT USE OF LABORATORY TESTS.
CONCEPT OF SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY.
ACCURACY OF A TEST, ACCURACY OF A RESULT.
LABORATORY TEST: PREDICTIVE VALUE (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE).
LABORATORY TEST: EFFECT OF PREVALENCE AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE.
THE INFLAMMATION INDICES.
LIVER FUNCTION.
DIAGNOSIS OF THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS.
LIPOPROTEINS AND PLASMA LIPIDS.
DIABETES MELLITUS.
TUMOR MARKERS: IMPORTANCE, FUNCTION AND THEIR CORRECT USE.
INDICATORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY.
WHEY PROTEINS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.
DIAGNOSIS OF RENAL FUNCTION. URINE TEST.
METHODS OF STUDYING SERUM PROTEINS.
ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES.
IMMUNOGLOBULINS: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE (PRIMARY AND SECONDARY).
Teaching Methods
THE COURSE IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH LECTURES. THE COURSE INCLUDES 24 HOURS OF LECTURES FOR THE GENERAL PATHOLOGY MODULE, 12 HOURS FOR THE MEDICAL GENETICS MODULE AND 12 HOURS FOR THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE. LECTURES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE USE OF VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEMS FOR VIEWING POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS. THE LESSONS WILL INTRODUCE SUBJECTS WITH GRADUAL COMPLEXITY ADEQUATELY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRAINING PATH AND WILL BE SUPPORTED BY TEACHING METHODOLOGIES OF DIFFERENT NATURE BUT ALWAYS PROVIDING THE STUDENT IN THE FOREGROUND, WHO WILL BE ACTIVELY INVOLVED BY INTERVENING WITH PROPOSALS AND QUESTIONS.
ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. TO TAKE THE FINAL EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED AT LEAST 75% OF THE TEACHING HOURS.
Verification of learning
THE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING BY THE STUDENT IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH AN ORAL EXAMINATION THAT WILL FOCUS ON THE TOPICS OF THE THREE MODULES THAT MAKE UP THE COURSE. TO PASS THE EXAM, THE ORAL VERIFICATION OF ALL THREE MODULES IS REQUIRED. IN CASE OF A NEGATIVE RESULT, THE STUDENT CAN STILL TAKE THE EXAM AGAIN DURING THE SUBSEQUENT APPEALS. THE FINAL EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE OUTCOME OF THE ORAL EXAMINATION AND WILL THEREFORE PROVIDE A MARK OUT OF THIRTY.
Texts
-“PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE”, ROBBINS & COTRAN, 9TH EDITION, ELSEVIER.
-“EMERY'S ELEMENTS OF MEDICAL GENETICS”, TURNPENNY AND ELLARD, 14TH EDITION, ELSEVIER.
-NOTES FROM THE LESSONS.
-INTERNET RESOURCES.
  BETA VERSION Data source ESSE3 [Ultima Sincronizzazione: 2019-10-21]