VINCENZO CITRO | FLUID MECHANICS

cod. 0612300014

FLUID MECHANICS

	0612300014
	DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
	EQF6
	MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
	2024/2025

PERCORSO IN COMMON

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 3
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2018
	AUTUMN SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ING-IND/06	6	60	LESSONS	SUPPLEMENTARY COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

	Objectives
	THE COURSE AIMS AT PROVIDING KNOWLEDGE ON GENERAL SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGICAL-OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF FLUID MECHANICS. IN PARTICULAR, THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS GOVERNING THE MOTION OF A FLUID AND THE ACQUISITION OF THE ABILITY TO PROPERLY SIZE THOSE FLUID SYSTEMS THAT ARE GOVERNED BY A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL BALANCE. THE MAIN KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED DURING THE COURSE WILL BE: • DESCRIPTION OF THE MATTER AS A CONTINUUM • FLUID STATICS • BALANCE EQUATIONS ON A FINITE VOLUME, • BALANCE EQUATIONS ON AN INFINITESIMAL VOLUME • BERNOULLI'S LAW • CURRENTS WITH NEGLIGIBLE ACCELERATION • POTENTIAL FLOW • BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW • TURBULENT FLOW IN DUCTS. THE MAIN SKILLS ACQUIRED BY STUDENTS DURING THE COURSE WILL BE: • TO PROPERLY SIZE THOSE FLUID SYSTEMS WHOSE CHARACTERISTICS DERIVE FROM A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL BALANCE • TO DETERMINE FORCES AND TORQUES ACTING ON SYSTEMS IN CONTACT WITH A FLUID AT REST OR IN MOTION. • TO DERIVE THE BASIC DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS THAT DETERMINE THE BEHAVIOUR AND THE PERFORMANCES OF A FLUID SYSTEM. • TO OBTAIN AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIFFERENT BEHAVIOURS THAT A FLUID CAN MANIFEST, DESCRIBING IN A SIMPLIFIED MANNER (BOTH QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY) THEIR MAIN FEATURES. • TO ACQUIRE AND USE A SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY APPROPRIATE TO DESCRIBE AND MODEL A FLUID SYSTEM. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: AS A RESULT OF PASSING THE EXAM, THE STUDENT WILL HAVE DEVELOPED AND STRENGTHENED THE ABILITY TO EVALUATE THE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL MECHANISMS IN TYPICAL FLUID MECHANICS APPLICATIONS, BEING ABLE TO QUALITATIVELY PREDICT THE MAIN PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: THE STUDENT LEARNS TO CLEARLY AND ACCURATELY COMMUNICATE COMPLEX CONCEPTS RELATED TO FLUID MECHANICS USING APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. THIS INCLUDES THE ABILITY TO DESCRIBE PHYSICAL PHENOMENA, EQUATIONS, AND RESULTS OF FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN AN UNDERSTANDABLE MANNER. STUDENT COLLABORATION DURING GROUP EXERCISES OR CLASS DISCUSSIONS REQUIRES INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS. THIS INCLUDES ACTIVE LISTENING, THE ABILITY TO EXPRESS OPINIONS CLEARLY, AND EFFECTIVE TEAMWORK. LEARNING CAPABILITIES:THE STUDENT LEARNS THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FLUID MECHANICS, INCLUDING CONCEPTS SUCH AS FLUID STATICS AND DYNAMICS, FLUID PROPERTIES, AND THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS GOVERNING FLUID BEHAVIOR. THROUGH THE STUDY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHODS, STUDENTS LEARN TO MODEL AND ANALYZE FLUID FLOWS IN VARIOUS REGIMES, SUCH AS LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS, STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT REGIMES. FROM A PRACTICAL STANDPOINT, STUDENTS LEARN TO SOLVE A VARIETY OF ENGINEERING PROBLEMS, RANGING FROM DETERMINING THE FORCES ACTING ON BODIES IMMERSED IN FLUIDS TO THE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEX FLOW SYSTEMS. UPON PASSING THE EXAM, THE STUDENT IS ABLE TO SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS IN FLUID DYNAMICS BY: 1. IDENTIFYING THE DATA NEEDED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM; 2. CHOOSING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL APPROPRIATE TO THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; 3. OUTLINING A CLEAR SOLUTION PROCEDURE; AND 4. PERFORMING FORMAL AND NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS WITH CONFIDENCE.

THE COURSE AIMS AT PROVIDING KNOWLEDGE ON GENERAL SCIENTIFIC CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGICAL-OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF FLUID MECHANICS. IN PARTICULAR, THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS GOVERNING THE MOTION OF A FLUID AND THE ACQUISITION OF THE ABILITY TO PROPERLY SIZE THOSE FLUID SYSTEMS THAT ARE GOVERNED BY A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL BALANCE.

THE MAIN KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED DURING THE COURSE WILL BE:
• DESCRIPTION OF THE MATTER AS A CONTINUUM
• FLUID STATICS
• BALANCE EQUATIONS ON A FINITE VOLUME,
• BALANCE EQUATIONS ON AN INFINITESIMAL VOLUME
• BERNOULLI'S LAW
• CURRENTS WITH NEGLIGIBLE ACCELERATION
• POTENTIAL FLOW
• BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW
• TURBULENT FLOW IN DUCTS.

THE MAIN SKILLS ACQUIRED BY STUDENTS DURING THE COURSE WILL BE:
• TO PROPERLY SIZE THOSE FLUID SYSTEMS WHOSE CHARACTERISTICS DERIVE FROM A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL BALANCE
• TO DETERMINE FORCES AND TORQUES ACTING ON SYSTEMS IN CONTACT WITH A FLUID AT REST OR IN MOTION.
• TO DERIVE THE BASIC DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS THAT DETERMINE THE BEHAVIOUR AND THE PERFORMANCES OF A FLUID SYSTEM.
• TO OBTAIN AN OVERVIEW OF THE DIFFERENT BEHAVIOURS THAT A FLUID CAN MANIFEST, DESCRIBING IN A SIMPLIFIED MANNER (BOTH QUALITATIVELY AND QUANTITATIVELY) THEIR MAIN FEATURES.
• TO ACQUIRE AND USE A SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY APPROPRIATE TO DESCRIBE AND MODEL A FLUID SYSTEM.

AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT: AS A RESULT OF PASSING THE EXAM, THE STUDENT WILL HAVE DEVELOPED AND STRENGTHENED THE ABILITY TO EVALUATE THE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL MECHANISMS IN TYPICAL FLUID MECHANICS APPLICATIONS, BEING ABLE TO QUALITATIVELY PREDICT THE MAIN PHENOMENOLOGICAL ASPECTS.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS: THE STUDENT LEARNS TO CLEARLY AND ACCURATELY COMMUNICATE COMPLEX CONCEPTS RELATED TO FLUID MECHANICS USING APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. THIS INCLUDES THE ABILITY TO DESCRIBE PHYSICAL PHENOMENA, EQUATIONS, AND RESULTS OF FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN AN UNDERSTANDABLE MANNER. STUDENT COLLABORATION DURING GROUP EXERCISES OR CLASS DISCUSSIONS REQUIRES INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS. THIS INCLUDES ACTIVE LISTENING, THE ABILITY TO EXPRESS OPINIONS CLEARLY, AND EFFECTIVE TEAMWORK.

LEARNING CAPABILITIES:THE STUDENT LEARNS THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FLUID MECHANICS, INCLUDING CONCEPTS SUCH AS FLUID STATICS AND DYNAMICS, FLUID PROPERTIES, AND THE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS GOVERNING FLUID BEHAVIOR. THROUGH THE STUDY OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS METHODS, STUDENTS LEARN TO MODEL AND ANALYZE FLUID FLOWS IN VARIOUS REGIMES, SUCH AS LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOWS, STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT REGIMES. FROM A PRACTICAL STANDPOINT, STUDENTS LEARN TO SOLVE A VARIETY OF ENGINEERING PROBLEMS, RANGING FROM DETERMINING THE FORCES ACTING ON BODIES IMMERSED IN FLUIDS TO THE DESIGN PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEX FLOW SYSTEMS.
UPON PASSING THE EXAM, THE STUDENT IS ABLE TO SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS IN FLUID DYNAMICS BY: 1. IDENTIFYING THE DATA NEEDED TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM; 2. CHOOSING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL APPROPRIATE TO THE SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; 3. OUTLINING A CLEAR SOLUTION PROCEDURE; AND 4. PERFORMING FORMAL AND NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS WITH CONFIDENCE.

	Prerequisites
	FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE COURSE OBJECTIVES, THE STUDENT IS REQUIRED TO ACQUIRE THOSE MATHEMATICAL SKILLS AND BASIC PHYSICAL CONCEPTS THAT ARE COVERED IN THE COURSES OF MATHEMATICS I AND II AND PHYSICS I.

	Contents
	THE DESCRIPTION OF THE MATER AS A CONTINUUM (6H): LOCAL MECHANICAL INVARIANTS, BALANCE EQUATIONS, PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS, GENERAL FORM OF THE MOMENTUM FLUX, MASS AND SURFACE FORCES, STRESS TENSOR. (EXCERCISES 2H) FLUID STATICS (6H): EQUATION OF HYDROSTATICS, MANOMETERS, FORCES ACTING ON A SURFACES. (EXCERCISES 4H) BALANCE EQUATIONS ON A FINITE VOLUME (7H): REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM, CONSERVATION OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM WITH APPLICATIONS, DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS. (EXCERCISES 2H) BALANCE EQUATIONS ON AN INFINITESIMAL VOLUME (6H): MATERIAL DERIVATIVE, NEWTON'S LAW OF VISCOSITY, EULER AND NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS, STREAMLINES AND THEIR REPRESENTATION, TO A MAXIMUM OF MOTION FLOWS, EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS. (EXCERCISES 2H) BERNOULLI'S LAW (6H): STATIC, DYNAMIC AND TOTAL PRESSURE. HYDRAULIC HEAD, HEAD LOSSES , VENTURI TUBE. (EXCERCISES 3H) CURRENTS WITH NEGLIGIBLE ACCELERATION (6H): REYNOLDS' THEORY OF LUBRICATION, STOKES FLOW AROUND A SPHERE AND A CYLINDER. (EXCERCISES 2H) POTENTIAL FLOW (3H): FLOW FIELDS OBTAINABLE AS A SUPERPOSITION OF SIMPLE SOLUTION (SOURCE/SINK, VORTEX, DOUBLET), GENERATION OF LIFT, LIFT AND DRAG COEFFICIENTS. (EXCERCISES 1H) THE BOUNDARY LAYER (6H): CONCEPT OF SIMILARITY, BOUNDARY LAYER ON A FLAT PLATE AND DRAG EVALUATION, QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH SEPARATION. (EXCERCISES 3H) TURBULENT FLOW IN DUCTS (9H): PROPERTIES OF TURBULENCE, VELOCITY PROFILE, PRANDTL'S LAW OF FRICTION, MOODY DIAGRAM, LOSSES IN STRAIGHT DUCTS, PIPE FITTINGS, FLOW MEASUREMENTS . OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE AND FINAL EXERCISES (5H).

Contents

THE DESCRIPTION OF THE MATER AS A CONTINUUM (6H):
LOCAL MECHANICAL INVARIANTS, BALANCE EQUATIONS, PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS, GENERAL FORM OF THE MOMENTUM FLUX, MASS AND SURFACE FORCES, STRESS TENSOR. (EXCERCISES 2H)
FLUID STATICS (6H):
EQUATION OF HYDROSTATICS, MANOMETERS, FORCES ACTING ON A SURFACES. (EXCERCISES 4H)
BALANCE EQUATIONS ON A FINITE VOLUME (7H):
REYNOLDS TRANSPORT THEOREM, CONSERVATION OF MASS, MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM WITH APPLICATIONS, DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS. (EXCERCISES 2H)
BALANCE EQUATIONS ON AN INFINITESIMAL VOLUME (6H):
MATERIAL DERIVATIVE, NEWTON'S LAW OF VISCOSITY, EULER AND NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS, STREAMLINES AND THEIR REPRESENTATION, TO A MAXIMUM OF MOTION FLOWS, EXACT SOLUTIONS OF THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS. (EXCERCISES 2H)
BERNOULLI'S LAW (6H):
STATIC, DYNAMIC AND TOTAL PRESSURE. HYDRAULIC HEAD, HEAD LOSSES , VENTURI TUBE. (EXCERCISES 3H)
CURRENTS WITH NEGLIGIBLE ACCELERATION (6H):
REYNOLDS' THEORY OF LUBRICATION, STOKES FLOW AROUND A SPHERE AND A CYLINDER. (EXCERCISES 2H)
POTENTIAL FLOW (3H):
FLOW FIELDS OBTAINABLE AS A SUPERPOSITION OF SIMPLE SOLUTION (SOURCE/SINK, VORTEX, DOUBLET), GENERATION OF LIFT, LIFT AND DRAG COEFFICIENTS. (EXCERCISES 1H)
THE BOUNDARY LAYER (6H):
CONCEPT OF SIMILARITY, BOUNDARY LAYER ON A FLAT PLATE AND DRAG EVALUATION, QUALITATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA ASSOCIATED WITH SEPARATION. (EXCERCISES 3H)
TURBULENT FLOW IN DUCTS (9H):
PROPERTIES OF TURBULENCE, VELOCITY PROFILE, PRANDTL'S LAW OF FRICTION, MOODY DIAGRAM, LOSSES IN STRAIGHT DUCTS, PIPE FITTINGS, FLOW MEASUREMENTS .
OVERVIEW OF THE COURSE AND FINAL EXERCISES (5H).

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE CONSISTS OF A TOTAL OF 60 TEACHING HOURS (6CFU) DIVIDED AS FOLLOWS: 36 HOURS OF LECTURES AND 24 HOURS OF PRACTICE. DURING THE PRACTICING CLASSES, PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE TOPICS OF THE COURSE WILL BE DISCUSSED AND SOLVED. ARGUMENTS WILL BE ADDRESSED WITH THE HELP OF MOVIE PROJECTIONS AND WITH THE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF STUDENTS.

	Verification of learning
	THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES WILL BE ASSESSED THROUGH A WRITTEN TEST LASTING ABOUT TWO HOURS, COMPRISED OF BOTH THE ANSWER TO THEORETICAL QUIZZES AND THE SOLUTION OF EXERCISES. INTEGRAL TO THE EVALUATION, WHERE TAKEN, WILL BE TESTS OF THE SAME FORMAT CARRIED OUT DURING THE CLASS. THE FINAL GRADE (OUT OF THIRTY) WILL BE GIVEN BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE KNOWLEDGE REACHED BY THE STUDENT ON THEORETICAL ASPECTS, HIS ABILITY TO APPLY SUCH KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS, HIS COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND THE APPROPRIATE USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY.

Verification of learning

THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES WILL BE ASSESSED THROUGH A WRITTEN TEST LASTING ABOUT TWO HOURS, COMPRISED OF BOTH THE ANSWER TO THEORETICAL QUIZZES AND THE SOLUTION OF EXERCISES. INTEGRAL TO THE EVALUATION, WHERE TAKEN, WILL BE TESTS OF THE SAME FORMAT CARRIED OUT DURING THE CLASS. THE FINAL GRADE (OUT OF THIRTY) WILL BE GIVEN BY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE KNOWLEDGE REACHED BY THE STUDENT ON THEORETICAL ASPECTS, HIS ABILITY TO APPLY SUCH KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS, HIS COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND THE APPROPRIATE USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY.

	Texts
	TEXTBOOK: A)Y. CENGEL, J.M. CIMBALA, FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS, MCGRAW-HILL IV ED. B)D. PNUELI, C. GUTFINGER: MECCANICA DEI FLUIDI. ZANICHELLI 1995 OTHER SUGGESTED BOOKS: 1) D. J. ACHESON: ELEMENTARY FLUID DYNAMICS. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1990 2) G. K. BATCHELOR: AN INTRODUCTION TO FLUID DYNAMICS. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2000 3) P. LUCHINI: ONDE NEI FLUIDI, INSTABILITA E TURBOLENZA. DIPARTIMENTO DI PROGETTAZIONE AERONAUTICA, UNIVERSITA DI NAPOLI, 1993 (AVAILABLE ON HTTP://ELEARNING.DIMEC.UNISA.IT) 4) P. LUCHINI, M. QUADRIO: AERODINAMICA. DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA AEROSPAZIALE, POLITECNICO DI MILANO, 2000-2002; (AVAILABLE ON HTTPS://HOME.AERO.POLIMI.IT/QUADRIO/IT/DIDATTICA/DISPENSENUOVE.HTML AND ON HTTP://ELEARNING.DIMEC.UNISA.IT) 5) F. M. WHITE, FLUID MECHANICS, MCGRAW-HILL VI EDIZIONE

Texts

TEXTBOOK:
A)Y. CENGEL, J.M. CIMBALA, FLUID MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS, MCGRAW-HILL IV ED.
B)D. PNUELI, C. GUTFINGER: MECCANICA DEI FLUIDI. ZANICHELLI 1995
OTHER SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1) D. J. ACHESON: ELEMENTARY FLUID DYNAMICS. OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1990
2) G. K. BATCHELOR: AN INTRODUCTION TO FLUID DYNAMICS. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 2000
3) P. LUCHINI: ONDE NEI FLUIDI, INSTABILITA E TURBOLENZA. DIPARTIMENTO DI PROGETTAZIONE AERONAUTICA, UNIVERSITA DI NAPOLI, 1993 (AVAILABLE ON HTTP://ELEARNING.DIMEC.UNISA.IT)
4) P. LUCHINI, M. QUADRIO: AERODINAMICA. DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA AEROSPAZIALE, POLITECNICO DI MILANO, 2000-2002; (AVAILABLE ON HTTPS://HOME.AERO.POLIMI.IT/QUADRIO/IT/DIDATTICA/DISPENSENUOVE.HTML AND ON HTTP://ELEARNING.DIMEC.UNISA.IT)
5) F. M. WHITE, FLUID MECHANICS, MCGRAW-HILL VI EDIZIONE

	More Information
	SUBJECT DELIVERED IN ITALIAN. FURTHER INFORMATION ON THE COURSE (TEACHING MATERIAL, EXAMPLE SHEETS, CLASS TIMETABLE,.... ) IS AVAILABLE AT HTTP://ELEARNING.DIMEC.UNISA.IT

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VINCENZO CITRO | FLUID MECHANICS