Alessandro CAPUTO | PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY I

cod. 1060100083

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY I

	1060100083
	DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
	EQF7
	MEDICINE AND SURGERY
	2024/2025

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 3
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	SPRING SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
1	ANATOMIA E ISTOLOGIA PATOLOGICA I
	MED/08	2	24	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
2	ANATOMIA E ISTOLOGIA PATOLOGICA I
	MED/08	3	36	LESSONS	SUPPLEMENTARY COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
3	ANATOMIA E ISTOLOGIA PATOLOGICA I - AFP
	MED/08	2	50	INTERNAL STAGE	VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

PROFESSORS

	ALESSANDRO CAPUTO31 Curriculum
	PIO ZEPPA2 Curriculum

EXAMS

	Exam	Date	Session
	ANATOMIA E ISTOLOGIA PATOLOGICA I	15/04/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE ORDINARIA

	Objectives
	GENERAL PART 1) APPLICATION AND ROLE OF THE AUTOPSY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE. 2) GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE SURGICAL BIOPSY AND DIAGNOSES; TYPES OF SPECIMENS; REQUEST OF A CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL TEST. 3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS. 4) CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI, CAUSES OF CELL INJURY. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY , THE PROGRESSION OF CELL INJURY AND DEATH, NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS, AUTOPHAGY, MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY, MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE, MEMBRANE DAMAGE, DAMAGE TO DNA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIA, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, CELLULAR AGING. 5) ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION, REPERATIVE PROCESSES, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION; GRANULOMATOUS INFIAMATIONS. 6) MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WATERY ED HEMODINAMIC; ALTERATIONS, EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, TROMBOSIS, EMBOLIA AND 7) NOMENCLATURE OF THE TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS, DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA, METAPLASIA, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA IN SITU, INVASION , METASTASIS. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ACQUIRED AND GENETIC PREDISPOSING, MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER: ROLE OFGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. 8) CLINICAL CYTOLOGY, SCREENING PROGRAMS FOR CERVICAL NEOPLASIA. CITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES. 9) INFECTIUS DISEASES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS. PATHOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS , BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, TOXOPLASMOSIS. 10) PITUITARY GLAND, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PITUITARY DISEASES, PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND HYPERPITUITARISM, HYPOPITUITARISM, TUMORS. THYROID GLAND, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM , THYROIDITIS, GRAVES DISEASE, DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER. NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID, THYROID ADENOMAS, THYROID CARCINOMAS: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND ANAPLASTIC (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CARCINOMA, MEDULLARY CARCINOMA . PARATHYROID GLANDS: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, ADRENAL GLANDS, HYPERCORTISOLISM (CUSHING SYNDROME), PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROMES, WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE), ADRENAL MEDULLA, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES. 11) ESOPHAGUS, ACHALASIA, ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS: ADENOCARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. STOMACH: GASTROPATHY AND ACUTE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHIES, MENETRIER DISEASE, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. GASTRIC POLYPS AND TUMORS , GASTRIC ADENOMA, GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPHOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS, GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR. 12) GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVER, MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND REPAIR, LIVER FAILURE ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, . INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, VIRAL HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, DRUG- AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, CHOLESTATIC DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE CHOLANGIOPATHIES , PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS, WILSON DISEASE, 1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. NODULES AND TUMORS, FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA. BENIGN NEOPLASMS , CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA, PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, MALIGNANT BILIARY TUMORS, METASTASIS. CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES), CHOLECYSTITIS, GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA. 13) PANCREAS : CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, PANCREATITIS: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS, CONGENITAL CYSTS, PSEUDOCYSTS. NEOPLASMS: CYSTIC NEOPLASMS, PANCREATIC CARCINOMA, PRECURSORS TO PANCREATIC CANCER, ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA, PANCREATOBLASTOMA. TUMORI A CELLULE INSULAR CELLKTUMORS I: HYPERINSULINISM, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIE (M. E.N.). 14) AUTOIMMUNE AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES, LES, AMYLODOSIS. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SINDROME ( AIDS). 15) REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES, LYMPHADENITIS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS. HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS. 16) LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. PRECURSOR B- AND T-CELL NEOPLASMS, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA. PERIPHERAL B-CELL NEOPLASMS, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, BURKITT LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS, HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. PERIPHERAL T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED, ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA (ALK-POSITIVE). MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME, PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOLITARY OSSEOUS PLASMACYTOMA, LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS. 17) LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. MULTIPLE MIELOMA, DI LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS, ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE. 18) SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALIES: CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY, SPLENIC INFARCTS . NEOPLASMS. 19) THYMUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, NEOPLASMS.

GENERAL PART
1) APPLICATION AND ROLE OF THE AUTOPSY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.
2) GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE SURGICAL BIOPSY AND DIAGNOSES; TYPES OF SPECIMENS; REQUEST OF A CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL TEST.
3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS.
4) CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI, CAUSES OF CELL INJURY. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY , THE PROGRESSION OF CELL INJURY AND DEATH, NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS, AUTOPHAGY, MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY, MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE, MEMBRANE DAMAGE, DAMAGE TO DNA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIA, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, CELLULAR AGING.
5) ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION, REPERATIVE PROCESSES, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION; GRANULOMATOUS INFIAMATIONS.
6) MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WATERY ED HEMODINAMIC; ALTERATIONS, EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, TROMBOSIS, EMBOLIA AND
7) NOMENCLATURE OF THE TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS, DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA, METAPLASIA, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA IN SITU, INVASION , METASTASIS. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ACQUIRED AND GENETIC PREDISPOSING, MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER: ROLE OFGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS.
8) CLINICAL CYTOLOGY, SCREENING PROGRAMS FOR CERVICAL NEOPLASIA. CITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES.
9) INFECTIUS DISEASES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS. PATHOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS , BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, TOXOPLASMOSIS.
10) PITUITARY GLAND, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PITUITARY DISEASES, PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND HYPERPITUITARISM, HYPOPITUITARISM, TUMORS. THYROID GLAND, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM , THYROIDITIS, GRAVES DISEASE, DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER. NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID, THYROID ADENOMAS, THYROID CARCINOMAS: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND ANAPLASTIC (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CARCINOMA, MEDULLARY CARCINOMA . PARATHYROID GLANDS: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, ADRENAL GLANDS, HYPERCORTISOLISM (CUSHING SYNDROME), PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROMES, WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE), ADRENAL MEDULLA, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES.
11) ESOPHAGUS, ACHALASIA, ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS: ADENOCARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. STOMACH: GASTROPATHY AND ACUTE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHIES, MENETRIER DISEASE, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. GASTRIC POLYPS AND TUMORS , GASTRIC ADENOMA, GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPHOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS, GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR.
12) GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVER, MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND REPAIR, LIVER FAILURE ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, . INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, VIRAL HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, DRUG- AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, CHOLESTATIC DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE CHOLANGIOPATHIES , PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS, WILSON DISEASE, 1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. NODULES AND TUMORS, FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA. BENIGN NEOPLASMS , CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA, PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, MALIGNANT BILIARY TUMORS, METASTASIS. CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES), CHOLECYSTITIS, GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA.
13) PANCREAS : CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, PANCREATITIS: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS, CONGENITAL CYSTS, PSEUDOCYSTS. NEOPLASMS: CYSTIC NEOPLASMS, PANCREATIC CARCINOMA, PRECURSORS TO PANCREATIC CANCER, ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA, PANCREATOBLASTOMA. TUMORI A CELLULE INSULAR CELLKTUMORS I: HYPERINSULINISM, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIE (M. E.N.).
14) AUTOIMMUNE AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES, LES, AMYLODOSIS. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SINDROME ( AIDS).
15) REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES, LYMPHADENITIS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS. HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS.
16) LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. PRECURSOR B- AND T-CELL NEOPLASMS, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA. PERIPHERAL B-CELL NEOPLASMS, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, BURKITT LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS, HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. PERIPHERAL T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED, ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA (ALK-POSITIVE). MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME, PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOLITARY OSSEOUS PLASMACYTOMA, LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS.
17) LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. MULTIPLE MIELOMA, DI LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS, ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE.
18) SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALIES: CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY, SPLENIC INFARCTS . NEOPLASMS.
19) THYMUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, NEOPLASMS.

	Prerequisites
	IN ORDER TO STUDY PATHOLOGY 1 IT IS NECESSARY TO KNOW THE ANATOMY AND THE HISTOLOGY OF ORGANS AND APPARATUSES. IT IS NECESSARY TO KNOW THE BASIC CITO-HISTOLOGICAL TECHNICS; THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS AND TISSUES; BASIC KNOWLEDGES OF GENETIC. PHISIOPATHOLOGY OF ORGANS AND APPARATA. NAMELY 1) ROLE AND PRACTICE OF THE AUTHOPSY. 2) PRINCEPS OF THE SURGICL BIOPSY AND TYPES OF BIOPSIES. 3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGY DIGNOSTIC. GENERAL PART 1) APPLICATION AND ROLE OF THE AUTOPSY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE. 2) GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE SURGICAL BIOPSY AND DIAGNOSES; TYPES OF SPECIMENS; REQUEST OF A CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL TEST. 3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS. 4) CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI, CAUSES OF CELL INJURY. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY , THE PROGRESSION OF CELL INJURY AND DEATH, NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS, AUTOPHAGY, MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY, MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE, MEMBRANE DAMAGE, DAMAGE TO DNA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIA, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, CELLULAR AGING. 5) ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION, REPERATIVE PROCESSES, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION; GRANULOMATOUS INFIAMATIONS. 6) MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WATERY ED HEMODINAMIC; ALTERATIONS, EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, TROMBOSIS, EMBOLIA AND 7) NOMENCLATURE OF THE TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS, DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA, METAPLASIA, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA IN SITU, INVASION , METASTASIS. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ACQUIRED AND GENETIC PREDISPOSING, MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER: ROLE OFGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. 8) CLINICAL CYTOLOGY, SCREENING PROGRAMS FOR CERVICAL NEOPLASIA. CITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES. 9) INFECTIUS DISEASES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS. PATHOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS , BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, TOXOPLASMOSIS. 10) PITUITARY GLAND, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PITUITARY DISEASES, PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND HYPERPITUITARISM, HYPOPITUITARISM, TUMORS. THYROID GLAND, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM , THYROIDITIS, GRAVES DISEASE, DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER. NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID, THYROID ADENOMAS, THYROID CARCINOMAS: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND ANAPLASTIC (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CARCINOMA, MEDULLARY CARCINOMA . PARATHYROID GLANDS: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, ADRENAL GLANDS, HYPERCORTISOLISM (CUSHING SYNDROME), PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROMES, WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE), ADRENAL MEDULLA, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES. 11) ESOPHAGUS, ACHALASIA, ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS: ADENOCARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. STOMACH: GASTROPATHY AND ACUTE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHIES, MENETRIER DISEASE, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. GASTRIC POLYPS AND TUMORS , GASTRIC ADENOMA, GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPHOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS, GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR. 12) GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVER, MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND REPAIR, LIVER FAILURE ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, . INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, VIRAL HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, DRUG- AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, CHOLESTATIC DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE CHOLANGIOPATHIES , PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS, WILSON DISEASE, 1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. NODULES AND TUMORS, FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA. BENIGN NEOPLASMS , CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA, PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, MALIGNANT BILIARY TUMORS, METASTASIS. CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES), CHOLECYSTITIS, GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA. 13) PANCREAS : CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, PANCREATITIS: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS, CONGENITAL CYSTS, PSEUDOCYSTS. NEOPLASMS: CYSTIC NEOPLASMS, PANCREATIC CARCINOMA, PRECURSORS TO PANCREATIC CANCER, ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA, PANCREATOBLASTOMA. TUMORI A CELLULE INSULAR CELLKTUMORS I: HYPERINSULINISM, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIE (M. E.N.). 14) AUTOIMMUNE AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES, LES, AMYLODOSIS. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SINDROME ( AIDS). 15) REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES, LYMPHADENITIS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS. HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS. 16) LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. PRECURSOR B- AND T-CELL NEOPLASMS, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA. PERIPHERAL B-CELL NEOPLASMS, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, BURKITT LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS, HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. PERIPHERAL T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED, ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA (ALK-POSITIVE). MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME, PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOLITARY OSSEOUS PLASMACYTOMA, LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS. 17) LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. MULTIPLE MIELOMA, DI LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS, ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE. 18) SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALIES: CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY, SPLENIC INFARCTS . NEOPLASMS. 19) THYMUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, NEOPLASMS.

Prerequisites

IN ORDER TO STUDY PATHOLOGY 1 IT IS NECESSARY TO KNOW THE ANATOMY AND THE HISTOLOGY OF ORGANS AND APPARATUSES. IT IS NECESSARY TO KNOW THE BASIC CITO-HISTOLOGICAL TECHNICS; THE PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS AND TISSUES; BASIC KNOWLEDGES OF GENETIC. PHISIOPATHOLOGY OF ORGANS AND APPARATA. NAMELY 1) ROLE AND PRACTICE OF THE AUTHOPSY.
2) PRINCEPS OF THE SURGICL BIOPSY AND TYPES OF BIOPSIES.
3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGY DIGNOSTIC.
GENERAL PART
1) APPLICATION AND ROLE OF THE AUTOPSY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.
2) GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE SURGICAL BIOPSY AND DIAGNOSES; TYPES OF SPECIMENS; REQUEST OF A CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL TEST.
3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS.
4) CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI, CAUSES OF CELL INJURY. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY , THE PROGRESSION OF CELL INJURY AND DEATH, NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS, AUTOPHAGY, MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY, MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE, MEMBRANE DAMAGE, DAMAGE TO DNA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIA, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, CELLULAR AGING.
5) ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION, REPERATIVE PROCESSES, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION; GRANULOMATOUS INFIAMATIONS.
6) MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WATERY ED HEMODINAMIC; ALTERATIONS, EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, TROMBOSIS, EMBOLIA AND
7) NOMENCLATURE OF THE TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS, DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA, METAPLASIA, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA IN SITU, INVASION , METASTASIS. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ACQUIRED AND GENETIC PREDISPOSING, MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER: ROLE OFGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS.
8) CLINICAL CYTOLOGY, SCREENING PROGRAMS FOR CERVICAL NEOPLASIA. CITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES.
9) INFECTIUS DISEASES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS. PATHOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS , BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, TOXOPLASMOSIS.
10) PITUITARY GLAND, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PITUITARY DISEASES, PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND HYPERPITUITARISM, HYPOPITUITARISM, TUMORS. THYROID GLAND, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM , THYROIDITIS, GRAVES DISEASE, DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER. NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID, THYROID ADENOMAS, THYROID CARCINOMAS: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND ANAPLASTIC (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CARCINOMA, MEDULLARY CARCINOMA . PARATHYROID GLANDS: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, ADRENAL GLANDS, HYPERCORTISOLISM (CUSHING SYNDROME), PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROMES, WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE), ADRENAL MEDULLA, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES.
11) ESOPHAGUS, ACHALASIA, ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS: ADENOCARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. STOMACH: GASTROPATHY AND ACUTE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHIES, MENETRIER DISEASE, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. GASTRIC POLYPS AND TUMORS , GASTRIC ADENOMA, GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPHOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS, GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR.
12) GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVER, MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND REPAIR, LIVER FAILURE ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, . INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, VIRAL HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, DRUG- AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, CHOLESTATIC DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE CHOLANGIOPATHIES , PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS, WILSON DISEASE, 1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. NODULES AND TUMORS, FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA. BENIGN NEOPLASMS , CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA, PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, MALIGNANT BILIARY TUMORS, METASTASIS. CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES), CHOLECYSTITIS, GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA.
13) PANCREAS : CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, PANCREATITIS: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS, CONGENITAL CYSTS, PSEUDOCYSTS. NEOPLASMS: CYSTIC NEOPLASMS, PANCREATIC CARCINOMA, PRECURSORS TO PANCREATIC CANCER, ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA, PANCREATOBLASTOMA. TUMORI A CELLULE INSULAR CELLKTUMORS I: HYPERINSULINISM, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIE (M. E.N.).
14) AUTOIMMUNE AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES, LES, AMYLODOSIS. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SINDROME ( AIDS).
15) REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES, LYMPHADENITIS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS. HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS.
16) LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. PRECURSOR B- AND T-CELL NEOPLASMS, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA. PERIPHERAL B-CELL NEOPLASMS, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, BURKITT LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS, HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. PERIPHERAL T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED, ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA (ALK-POSITIVE). MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME, PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOLITARY OSSEOUS PLASMACYTOMA, LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS.
17) LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. MULTIPLE MIELOMA, DI LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS, ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE.
18) SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALIES: CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY, SPLENIC INFARCTS . NEOPLASMS.
19) THYMUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, NEOPLASMS.

	Contents
	GENERAL PART 1) APPLICATION AND ROLE OF THE AUTOPSY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE. 2) GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE SURGICAL BIOPSY AND DIAGNOSES; TYPES OF SPECIMENS; REQUEST OF A CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL TEST. 3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS. 4) CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI, CAUSES OF CELL INJURY. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY , THE PROGRESSION OF CELL INJURY AND DEATH, NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS, AUTOPHAGY, MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY, MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE, MEMBRANE DAMAGE, DAMAGE TO DNA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIA, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, CELLULAR AGING. 5) ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION, REPERATIVE PROCESSES, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION; GRANULOMATOUS INFIAMATIONS. 6) MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WATERY ED HEMODINAMIC; ALTERATIONS, EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, TROMBOSIS, EMBOLIA AND 7) NOMENCLATURE OF THE TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS, DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA, METAPLASIA, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA IN SITU, INVASION , METASTASIS. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ACQUIRED AND GENETIC PREDISPOSING, MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER: ROLE OFGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS. 8) CLINICAL CYTOLOGY, SCREENING PROGRAMS FOR CERVICAL NEOPLASIA. CITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES. 9) INFECTIUS DISEASES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS. PATHOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS , BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, TOXOPLASMOSIS. 10) PITUITARY GLAND, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PITUITARY DISEASES, PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND HYPERPITUITARISM, HYPOPITUITARISM, TUMORS. THYROID GLAND, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM , THYROIDITIS, GRAVES DISEASE, DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER. NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID, THYROID ADENOMAS, THYROID CARCINOMAS: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND ANAPLASTIC (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CARCINOMA, MEDULLARY CARCINOMA . PARATHYROID GLANDS: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, ADRENAL GLANDS, HYPERCORTISOLISM (CUSHING SYNDROME), PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROMES, WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE), ADRENAL MEDULLA, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES. 11) ESOPHAGUS, ACHALASIA, ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS: ADENOCARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. STOMACH: GASTROPATHY AND ACUTE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHIES, MENETRIER DISEASE, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. GASTRIC POLYPS AND TUMORS , GASTRIC ADENOMA, GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPHOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS, GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR. 12) GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVER, MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND REPAIR, LIVER FAILURE ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, . INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, VIRAL HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, DRUG- AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, CHOLESTATIC DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE CHOLANGIOPATHIES , PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS, WILSON DISEASE, 1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. NODULES AND TUMORS, FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA. BENIGN NEOPLASMS , CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA, PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, MALIGNANT BILIARY TUMORS, METASTASIS. CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES), CHOLECYSTITIS, GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA. 13) PANCREAS : CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, PANCREATITIS: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS, CONGENITAL CYSTS, PSEUDOCYSTS. NEOPLASMS: CYSTIC NEOPLASMS, PANCREATIC CARCINOMA, PRECURSORS TO PANCREATIC CANCER, ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA, PANCREATOBLASTOMA. TUMORI A CELLULE INSULAR CELLKTUMORS I: HYPERINSULINISM, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIE (M. E.N.). 14) AUTOIMMUNE AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES, LES, AMYLODOSIS. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SINDROME ( AIDS). 15) REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES, LYMPHADENITIS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS. HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS. 16) LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. PRECURSOR B- AND T-CELL NEOPLASMS, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA. PERIPHERAL B-CELL NEOPLASMS, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, BURKITT LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS, HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. PERIPHERAL T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED, ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA (ALK-POSITIVE). MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME, PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOLITARY OSSEOUS PLASMACYTOMA, LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS. 17) LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. MULTIPLE MIELOMA, DI LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS, ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE. 18) SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALIES: CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY, SPLENIC INFARCTS . NEOPLASMS. 19) THYMUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, NEOPLASMS.

Contents

GENERAL PART

1) APPLICATION AND ROLE OF THE AUTOPSY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.
2) GENERAL CONCEPTS OF THE SURGICAL BIOPSY AND DIAGNOSES; TYPES OF SPECIMENS; REQUEST OF A CYTO-HISTOLOGICAL TEST.
3) ROUTINARY HISTOPATHOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPLIED TO THE PATHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS.
4) CELLULAR RESPONSES TO STRESS AND NOXIOUS STIMULI, CAUSES OF CELL INJURY. REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CELL INJURY , THE PROGRESSION OF CELL INJURY AND DEATH, NECROSIS AND APOPTOSIS, AUTOPHAGY, MECHANISMS OF CELL INJURY, MITOCHONDRIAL DAMAGE, MEMBRANE DAMAGE, DAMAGE TO DNA, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE, HYPERTROPHY, HYPERPLASIA, ATROPHY, METAPLASIA. INTRACELLULAR ACCUMULATIONS, CELLULAR AGING.
5) ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION, REPERATIVE PROCESSES, MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFIAMATION; GRANULOMATOUS INFIAMATIONS.
6) MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF WATERY ED HEMODINAMIC; ALTERATIONS, EDEMA, HYPEREMIA, CONGESTION, TROMBOSIS, EMBOLIA AND
7) NOMENCLATURE OF THE TUMORS, BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS, DIFFERENTIATION AND ANAPLASIA, METAPLASIA, DYSPLASIA, AND CARCINOMA IN SITU, INVASION , METASTASIS. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, ACQUIRED AND GENETIC PREDISPOSING, MOLECULAR BASIS OF CANCER: ROLE OFGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC ALTERATIONS.
8) CLINICAL CYTOLOGY, SCREENING PROGRAMS FOR CERVICAL NEOPLASIA. CITOLOGICAL FEATURES OF INFLAMATORY AND NEOPLASTIC CHANGES.
9) INFECTIUS DISEASES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS. PATHOLOGY OF VIRAL INFECTIONS , BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS, MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTIONS, FUNGAL INFECTIONS, TOXOPLASMOSIS.
10) PITUITARY GLAND, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PITUITARY DISEASES, PITUITARY ADENOMAS AND HYPERPITUITARISM, HYPOPITUITARISM, TUMORS. THYROID GLAND, HYPERTHYROIDISM, HYPOTHYROIDISM , THYROIDITIS, GRAVES DISEASE, DIFFUSE AND MULTINODULAR GOITER. NEOPLASMS OF THE THYROID, THYROID ADENOMAS, THYROID CARCINOMAS: PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA, POORLY DIFFERENTIATED AND ANAPLASTIC (UNDIFFERENTIATED) CARCINOMA, MEDULLARY CARCINOMA . PARATHYROID GLANDS: PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, ADRENAL GLANDS, HYPERCORTISOLISM (CUSHING SYNDROME), PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM, ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROMES, WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME, ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY (ADDISON DISEASE), ADRENAL MEDULLA, PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA SYNDROMES.
11) ESOPHAGUS, ACHALASIA, ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, ESOPHAGEAL VARICES, BARRETT ESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS: ADENOCARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. STOMACH: GASTROPATHY AND ACUTE GASTRITIS, CHRONIC GASTRITIS, HELICOBACTER PYLORI GASTRITIS, AUTOIMMUNE ATROPHIC GASTRITIS. PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE. HYPERTROPHIC GASTROPATHIES, MENETRIER DISEASE, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. GASTRIC POLYPS AND TUMORS , GASTRIC ADENOMA, GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA, LYMPHOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE NEOPLASMS, GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR.
12) GENERAL FEATURES OF LIVER, MECHANISMS OF INJURY AND REPAIR, LIVER FAILURE ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE, CIRRHOSIS, PORTAL HYPERTENSION, . INFECTIOUS DISORDERS, VIRAL HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS, DRUG- AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE, ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE, HEMOCHROMATOSIS, CHOLESTATIC DISEASE, AUTOIMMUNE CHOLANGIOPATHIES , PRIMARY BILIARY CHOLANGITIS, PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS, WILSON DISEASE, 1-ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY. NODULES AND TUMORS, FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA. BENIGN NEOPLASMS , CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA, PRIMARY MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS, HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, MALIGNANT BILIARY TUMORS, METASTASIS. CHOLELITHIASIS (GALLSTONES), CHOLECYSTITIS, GALLBLADDER CARCINOMA.
13) PANCREAS : CONGENITAL ANOMALIES, PANCREATITIS: ACUTE AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS, CONGENITAL CYSTS, PSEUDOCYSTS. NEOPLASMS: CYSTIC NEOPLASMS, PANCREATIC CARCINOMA, PRECURSORS TO PANCREATIC CANCER, ACINAR CELL CARCINOMA, PANCREATOBLASTOMA. TUMORI A CELLULE INSULAR CELLKTUMORS I: HYPERINSULINISM, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIE (M. E.N.).
14) AUTOIMMUNE AND IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES, LES, AMYLODOSIS. ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SINDROME ( AIDS).
15) REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS OF LYMPH NODES, LYMPHADENITIS. ACUTE AND CHRONIC NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS. HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS.
16) LYMPHOID NEOPLASMS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS. PRECURSOR B- AND T-CELL NEOPLASMS, ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA/LYMPHOMA. PERIPHERAL B-CELL NEOPLASMS, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA, FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA, DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA, BURKITT LYMPHOMA, MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA, MARGINAL ZONE LYMPHOMAS, HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. PERIPHERAL T- AND NK-CELL NEOPLASMS, PERIPHERAL T-CELL LYMPHOMA, UNSPECIFIED, ANAPLASTIC LARGE-CELL LYMPHOMA (ALK-POSITIVE). MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME, PLASMA CELL NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE MYELOMA, SOLITARY OSSEOUS PLASMACYTOMA, LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA, HODGKIN LYMPHOMA, LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS.
17) LEUKEMIAS AND MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES. MULTIPLE MIELOMA, DI LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS, ROSAI-DORFMAN DISEASE.
18) SPLEEN: SPLENOMEGALIES: CONGESTIVE SPLENOMEGALY, SPLENIC INFARCTS . NEOPLASMS.
19) THYMUS: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, NEOPLASMS.

	Teaching Methods
	DIRECT PARTICIPATION OF THE STUDENTS, INTERACTIVE.

	Verification of learning
	LECTURES ED INTEGRATIVE DIDACTIC ACTIVITIES, PRACTICAL EXERCITATIONS.

	Texts
	ROBBINS E COTRAN - LE BASI PATOLOGICHE DELLE MALATTIE 9/ED.: MANUALE DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA VOLL. 1/2 + TEST DI AUTOVALUTAZIONE + MCCANCE FISIOPATOLOGIA ED ELEMENTI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE. DI KUMAR VINAY; KLATT EDWARD C.; ROBBINS; MCCANCE KATHRYN L. EDITORE: EDRA MASSON. ISBN/EAN: 9788821443985 ANNO: 2016 RUCO L. SCARPA A.: ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA. LE BASI. 2007. UTET EDIZIONI.

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Alessandro CAPUTO | PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY I