PHYSICS WITH PRACTICE IN LABORATORY I

Guerino Avallone PHYSICS WITH PRACTICE IN LABORATORY I

0512300014
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
EQF6
MATHEMATICS
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2018
SPRING SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
756LESSONS
224LAB
ExamDate
FISICA CON ES. DI LABORATORIO I13/01/2025 - 09:30
FISICA CON ES. DI LABORATORIO I29/01/2025 - 09:30
FISICA CON ES. DI LABORATORIO I17/02/2025 - 09:30
Objectives
THE AIM OF THE COURSE IS A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF NEWTON'S MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS, TOGETHER WITH THE DEVELOPMENT IN THIS CONTEXT OF THE ABILITY TO PERFORM SIMPLE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS.
REGARDING NEWTONIAN MECHANICS, THE TEACHING AIMS TO LEAD STUDENTS TO ACHIEVE A THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF THE DYNAMICS OF POINTLIKE MASS PARTICLE, SYSTEMS OF POINTLIKE MASS PARTICLES, AND RIGID BODIES, THROUGH SYSTEMATIC USE OF EXAMPLES AND APPLICATIONS THAT AID IN THE FULL COMPREHENSION OF THE THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF THE TOPICS COVERED.

CONCERNING THERMODYNAMICS, THE GOAL IS TO DEVELOP AN ADEQUATE UNDERSTANDING OF ITS FORMAL STRUCTURE, BASED ON A FEW PRINCIPLES DEDUCED FROM EXPERIENCE. THIS KNOWLEDGE IS PARTICULARLY AIMED AT ANALYZING THE OVERALL ENERGY BALANCE OF A PHYSICAL PROCESS, INCLUDING THOSE THERMAL ENERGY EXCHANGES NOT CONSIDERED WITHIN THE SCOPE OF MECHANICS.

FINALLY, LABORATORY PRACTICE AIMS TO CARRY OUT SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS IN MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS, FOR WHICH APPROPRIATE TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA IS THEN REQUIRED.

AT THE COMPLETION OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO:

* UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICS UNDERLYING THE BEHAVIOR OF A POINTLIKE MASS PARTICLE OR A SYSTEM OF POINTLIKE MASS PARTICLES, BASED ON ACQUIRED THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE;
* IDENTIFY CONSERVED QUANTITIES AND USE THEM WHERE POSSIBLE TO SIMPLIFY MOTION ANALYSIS;
* APPLY THESE IDEAS TO SOLVE SIMPLE MECHANICS EXERCISES;
* SOLVE THERMODYNAMICS EXERCISES BY APPLYING THE FIRST AND SECOND PRINCIPLES, WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THOSE CONCERNING THE BEHAVIOR OF IDEAL GASES;
* CONDUCT AND VERIFY SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS IN MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS.

STUDENTS ARE GUIDED TO LEARN CRITICALLY AND RESPONSIBLY EVERYTHING EXPLAINED TO THEM IN THE CLASSROOM AND TO ENHANCE THEIR JUDGMENT SKILLS THROUGH THE STUDY OF THE TEACHING MATERIALS INDICATED BY THE TEACHER. THE MAIN PURPOSE IS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE ABILITY TO CRITICALLY ANALYZE THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES UNDER STUDY, DEVELOPING THE NECESSARY TOOLS TO ADDRESS AND SOLVE PROBLEMS IN THE MOST GENERIC WAY POSSIBLE.

THE COURSE AIMS TO PROMOTE THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO PRESENT ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE CLEARLY AND RIGOROUSLY. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO CORRECTLY STATE DEFINITIONS, PROBLEMS, AND THEOREMS REGARDING THE COURSE CONTENT. LABORATORY EXPERIENCES (CONDUCTED IN GROUPS) INVOLVE THE WRITING OF A REPORT, WHICH REQUIRES A RIGOROUS TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND A CLEAR AND UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION, ALLOWING REPRODUCIBILITY (SCIENTIFIC METHOD) OF THE EXPERIMENT WITH SUBSEQUENT VERIFICATION BY PEERS.

THE TEACHING ALSO AIMS TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATION, COLLABORATION, AND COOPERATION AMONG PEERS, AS WELL AS CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
- DESIGN THE RESOLUTION OF A GENERIC PROBLEM, APPLYING CRITICAL THINKING AND RIGOROUS METHODOLOGY
- DISCOVER OR INVENT
- DEEPEN THE STUDY ON MORE ADVANCED TEXTS
- COMMUNICATE THE RESULTS OBTAINED
Prerequisites
THE REQUIRED BACKGROUND INCLUDES THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRIGONOMETRY, ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY AND CALCULUS FOR FUNCTIONS OF A SINGLE VARIABLE.
Contents
PART I (4 HOURS, 3 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 1 EXERCISES):

SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND UNITS. VECTOR ALGEBRA


PART II (8 HOURS, 6 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 2 EXERCISES): KINEMATICS - POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE, PROJECTILE MOTION, CIRCULAR MOTION.


PART III (11 HOURS, 8 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 3 EXERCISES):

DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE PARTICLE - INERTIA PRINCIPLE, INERTIAL AND NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES. SECOND LAW OF DYNAMICS, LINEAR MOMENTUM, IMPULSE, WEIGHT, FRICTION, TENSION, CONSTRAINTS, ELASTIC FORCES AND LINEAR HARMONIC OSCILLATOR, KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK, CONSERVATIVE FORCES, POTENTIAL ENERGY, CONSERVATION OF THE MECHANICAL ENERGY, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND TORQUE.


PART IV (6 HOURS, 4 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 2 EXERCISES):

DYNAMICS OF SYSTEMS OF PARTICLES - THIRD LAW OF DYNAMICS, FUNDAMENTAL EQUATIONS OF DYNAMICS, CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM, CENTER OF MASS, CENTER OF MASS THEOREM, KOENIG'S THEOREMS, COLLISIONS.


PART V (9 HOURS, 7 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 2 EXERCISES):

RIGID BODIES - MOMENT OF INERTIA, THEOREM OF HUYGENS-STEINER, KINETIC ENERGY, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND EQUATION OF MOTION OF A RIGID BODY ROTATING ABOUT A FIXED AXIS, STATICS AND EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS, EQUILIBRIUM UNDER GRAVITY. ROLLING MOTION.


PART VI (18 HOURS, 12 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 6 EXERCISES):

THERMODYNAMICS - TEMPERATURE, THERMOMETERS, THERMODYNAMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS, REVERSIBILITY AND IRREVERSIBILITY, WORK AND HEAT, JOULE'S EXPERIMENTS, FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, INTERNAL ENERGY, HEAT CAPACITY AND SPECIFIC HEAT, PHASE CHANGES AND LATENT HEATS, IDEAL GASES AND EQUATION OF STATE, JOULE'S EXPERIMENT ON THE INTERNAL ENERGY OF AN IDEAL GAS, RELEVANT TRANSFORMATIONS OF AN IDEAL GAS, MAYER'S RELATION, CYCLIC TRANSFORMATIONS, EFFICIENCY, CARNOT'S CYCLE, SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS, KELVIN AND CLAUSIUS STATEMENTS AND THEIR EQUIVALENCE, HEAT ENGINES AND REFRIGERATING ENGINES, CARNOT THEOREM, CLAUSIUS’S INEQUALITY, ENTROPY. ENTROPY VARIATION FOR AN IDEAL GAS AND IN PHASE CHANGES. ENTROPY VARIATION IN RELEVANT THERMODYNAMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS.


PART VII (24 HOURS, 11 FRONTAL LESSONS AND 13 EXERCISES):

DATA ANALYSIS AND LABORATORY ACTIVITY - ERRORS, TREATMENT AND GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA, ERROR PROPAGATION, GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION, LEAST SQUARES METHOD, MEASUREMENT OF THE DENSITY OF A SOLID, OF THE ELASTIC CONSTANT OF A SPRING, OF THE GRAVITY ACCELERATION, OF THE LIMIT VELOCITY OF A SPHERE IN A FLUID, OF THE TIME CONSTANT OF A THERMOMETER.

Teaching Methods
THE MAIN PART OF THE COURSE IS DEVOTED TO THEORETICAL LECTURES FOCUSING ON THE NEWTONIAN FORMULATION OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS, AS WELL AS ON CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS (40 HOURS/5 CFU). THIS PART IS SUPPLEMENTED BY LECTURES FOCUSING ON THE SOLUTION OF EXERCISES INVOLVING THE DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE PARTICLE AND OF RIGID BODIES, AS WELL AS THE BEHAVIOR OF THERMODYNAMICAL SYSTEMS (16 HOURS/2 CFU).
THE ACTIVITY IN THE LAB FORESEES LECTURES ABOUT STATISTICS AND DATA ANALYSIS AND THE SETUP OF A FEW EXPERIMENTS ON CLASSICAL MECHANICS (24 HOURS/2 CFU)
Verification of learning
THE ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE STUDENT'S LEARNING LEVEL WILL BE CONDUCTED THROUGH A FINAL EXAM AIMED AT VERIFYING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SET OBJECTIVES. THE ATTAINMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES WILL BE CERTIFIED BY A WRITTEN EXAM, AND UPON PASSING IT (WITH A GRADE NOT LOWER THAN 18/30), THE STUDENT WILL BE ADMITTED TO THE ORAL EXAM.

DURING THE COURSE, THE STUDENT MUST PREPARE REPORTS THAT CLEARLY AND COMPREHENSIVELY DESCRIBE ALL THE EXPERIMENTS CARRIED OUT IN THE LABORATORY, WHICH CONTRIBUTE TO THE FINAL EVALUATION. THERE MAY BE 2 INTERMEDIATE TESTS OF 1-2 EXERCISES TO BE COMPLETED IN 2 HOURS, WHICH CAN EXEMPT THE STUDENT FROM THE FINAL WRITTEN EXAM.

THE FINAL GRADE IS DETERMINED BY THE AVERAGE OF THE SCORES ACHIEVED IN THE THREE ASSESSMENTS, WEIGHTED AS FOLLOWS: 20% REPORTS, 35% WRITTEN EXAM, 45% ORAL EXAM.

HONORS ARE AWARDED WHEN THE STUDENT, IN ADDITION TO DEMONSTRATING COMPLETE CONTROL OF BOTH THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDIED TOPICS, SHOWS A HIGH CAPACITY FOR INDEPENDENT ELABORATION, EVEN IN CONTEXTS NOT NECESSARILY COVERED IN CLASS.
Texts
D. GIANCOLI, "FISICA 1" AMBROSIANA
D. HALLIDAY, R. RESNICK, J. WALKER, “FONDAMENTI DI FISICA”, AMBROSIANA
J. R. TAYLOR, "INTRODUZIONE ALL'ANALISI DEGLI ERRORI", SECONDA EDIZIONE, ZANICHELLI
M. SEVERI, "INTRODUZIONE ALLA ESPERIMENTAZIONE FISICA", ZANICHELLI
G. CANNELLI, "METODOLOGIE SPERIMENTALI IN FISICA", EDISES

ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS
C. MENCUCCINI, V. SILVESTRINI, “FISICA I – MECCANICA TERMODINAMICA”, LIGUORI
P. MAZZOLDI, M. NIGRO, C.VOCI, “FISICA” VOL. I, EDISES
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DDEGRUTTOLA@UNISA.IT
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