HUMAN ANATOMY II

Daria Anna NURZYNSKA HUMAN ANATOMY II

1060100077
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
EQF7
MEDICINE AND SURGERY
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
AUTUMN SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
1ANATOMIA UMANA II
784LESSONS
2ANATOMIA UMANA II AFP
10INTERNAL STAGE
ExamDate
ANATOMIA UMANA II11/04/2025 - 09:00
Objectives
THE HUMAN ANATOMY II COURSE TAKES PLACE IN THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE SECOND YEAR AND INCLUDES 84 HOURS OF BASIC SCIENCE ACTIVITIES (7 CFU) AND 25 HOURS OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES (1 CFU). THE COURSE AIMS TO PROMOTE THE UNDERSTANDING AND CORRECT USE OF OFFICIAL ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY IN DESCRIBING THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY, AS WELL AS THE ACQUISITION OF THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY. THESE ARE ESSENTIAL FOR A COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE SUBJECT FROM A FUNCTIONAL, TOPOGRAPHICAL, AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE AND FOR DEVELOPING MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONNECTIONS.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
BY THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN BODY AT THE MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC LEVELS USING OFFICIAL ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY AND TO ILLUSTRATE THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION. ADDITIONALLY, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO USE THE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE INDEPENDENTLY.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
BY THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO APPRECIATE THE ANATOMICAL BASES OF MEDICAL PRACTICE. THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANS BY LINKING THEIR TOPOGRAPHICAL, STRUCTURAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS, ATTRIBUTING CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE TO THEM. FURTHERMORE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO PERFORM AN ANALYSIS OF ORGAN STRUCTURE BY OBSERVING HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS AT AN OPTICAL MICROSCOPE AND CORRELATING THEIR APPEARANCE WITH FUNCTIONAL SPECIALIZATIONS AT THE TISSUE AND CELLULAR LEVELS. THE STUDENT WILL ALSO BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY AND IN ANATOMICAL SECTIONS AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGES.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS AND ASSESS HOW THESE MAY INFLUENCE THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF THE HUMAN BODY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE ANATOMICAL KNOWLEDGE CLEARLY AND EFFECTIVELY, USING OFFICIAL ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY, BOTH TO COLLEAGUES, IN A MULTIDISCIPLINARY CLINICAL CONTEXT, AND TO PATIENTS.

LEARNING SKILLS
THE STUDENT WILL DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO CONTINUALLY DEEPEN AND UPDATE THEIR KNOWLEDGE THROUGH INDEPENDENT STUDY, IN ORDER TO ADAPT ANATOMICAL KNOWLEDGE TO EMERGING CLINICAL CONTEXTS.
Prerequisites
STUDENTS ARE REQUIRED:
- TO HAVE PASSED THE HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY EXAM AND ANATOMY I EXAM BEFORE TAKING THE EXAM IN ANATOMY II;
- TO KNOW HOW TO USE THE OPTIC MICROSCOPE.
Contents
GROSS ANATOMY (SITE, POSITION, SIZE, FORM, SURFACE PROJECTION, RELATIONSHIPS, BLOOD SUPPLY, LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE, INNERVATION AND FUNCTION) AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY (ORGAN STRUCTURE AT THE LEVEL OF TISSUES AND CELLS, AS OBSERVED IN LIGHT MICROSCOPY) OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANS OF DIFFERENT SYSTEMS:
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - ORAL CAVITY, MAJOR SALIVARY GLANDS, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE, LIVER, EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS AND GALLBLADDER, PANCREAS; PERITONEUM
URINARY SYSTEM - KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACTS
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - HYPOTHALAMIC NEUROSECRETORY NUCLEI, HYPOPHYSIS, PINEAL GLAND, THYROID GLAND, PARATHYROID GLANDS, SUPRARENAL GLAND; DIFFUSE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
PERINEUM AND MALE AND FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEMS - INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL GENITALIA
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM - MENINGES, SPINAL CORD, BRAIN, NERVE TRACTS; CRANIAL NERVES
Teaching Methods
THE BASIC SCIENCE ACTIVITIES (84 HOURS, 7 ECTS) CONSIST OF LECTURES AND SEMINARS CONDUCTED IN CLASSROOMS WITH THE AID OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNIQUES (IMAGES AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL VIRTUAL RECONSTRUCTIONS, ANIMATIONS, AND VIDEOS). DURING THE SEMINARS, CLINICAL CASES AIMED AT ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE OF ANATOMY APPLIED TO CLINICAL PRACTICE (PROBLEM-BASED ANATOMY) WILL BE DISCUSSED, FOCUSING ON TOPICS OF HIGH PRACTICAL RELEVANCE. FREQUENT FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS (SELF-ASSESSMENT TESTS) WILL ALLOW MONITORING OF STUDENTS' LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION AND PREPARATION. FURTHERMORE, THE ASSESSMENTS WILL BE FOLLOWED BY COLLEGIAL DISCUSSION OF ANSWERS AND COMMON ERRORS, AIMING TO IDENTIFY ANY LEARNING DIFFICULTIES AND PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO OPTIMIZE PREPARATION FOR THE FINAL EXAM.
THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES (25 HOURS, 1 ECTS) TAKE PLACE IN THE DIDACTIC LABORATORIES OF MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY. IN THE MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY LABORATORY, STUDENTS PERFORM VIRTUAL DISSECTIONS OF CADAVERS ON THE ANATOMAGE TABLE, SIMULATING ACCESS TO BODY CAVITIES AND INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES AND COMPARING THEM WITH RADIOLOGICAL IMAGES (2D AND VOLUME RECONSTRUCTIONS) AND ANATOMICAL SECTIONS. IN THE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY LABORATORY, STUDENTS LEARN TO AUTONOMOUSLY USE THE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE AND ANALYZE HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS PREPARED WITH VARIOUS STAINING TECHNIQUES.
Verification of learning
DURING THE COURSE, THREE INTERIM WRITTEN TESTS WILL BE CONDUCTED, EACH CONSISTING OF 30 MULTIPLE-CHOICE AND SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS. PASSING ONE OF THE TESTS (MINIMUM SCORE 18/30) ADDS ONE POINT (SCORE OF THE TEST 18-23) OR TWO POINTS (24-30) TO THE FINAL WRITTEN TEST SCORE (PROVIDED THAT AT LEAST A SCORE OF 18/30 IS ACHIEVED AT THE FINAL WRITTEN TEST).
THE FINAL EXAM CONSISTS OF A WRITTEN TEST, A PRACTICAL TEST AND AN ORAL TEST. THE WRITTEN TEST WILL COMPRISE 30 QUESTIONS, MOSTLY MULTIPLE-CHOICE, WITH FEW SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS. AMONG THE QUESTIONS, CLINICAL VIGNETTES WILL BE INCLUDED, PRESENTING A MEDICAL PROBLEM WHICH REQUIRES THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN ANATOMY, ALSO IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONNECTION WITH OTHER BASIC SCIENCES. THE ORAL EXAMINATION WILL BE ACCESSIBLE TO STUDENTS WHO ACHIEVE A MINIMUM SCORE OF 18/30 ON THE WRITTEN TEST. AND THE PRACTICAL TEST. THE PRACTICAL PART (FOR EVALUATION OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES, AFP) CONSISTS OF RECOGNIZING AND DESCRIBING THE STRUCTURES OBSERVED IN HISTOLOGICAL SECTIONS AT THE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE AND IDENTIFYING ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES (INCLUDING THEIR VARIANTS) IN RECONSTRUCTIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY THROUGH VIRTUAL DISSECTION ON THE ANATOMAGE TABLE. DURING THE ORAL EXAMINATION, STUDENTS MUST DEMONSTRATE MASTERY OF OFFICIAL ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY AND THE ABILITY TO USE IT CORRECTLY TO DESCRIBE THE MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE, URINARY, ENDOCRINE, GENITAL, AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS (INCLUDING CRANIAL NERVES), CONSIDERING ALSO THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THEM. THE SCORES OF THE PRACTICAL AND ORAL TESTS ARE ALSO EXPRESSED IN THIRTIETHS AND THE TESTS ARE CONSIDERED PASSED WHEN THEIR SCORES REACH OR EXCEED 18/30.
THE FINAL GRADE OF THE HUMAN ANATOMY II EXAM IS COMPOSED OF 20% OF THE SCORE OF THE WRITTEN TEST (WITH POINTS ADDED FOR PASSING THE INTERIM TESTS), 20% OF THE SCORE OF THE PRACTICAL TEST AND 60% OF THE SCORE OF THE ORAL EXAMINATION, WITH ARITHMETIC APPROXIMATION TO THE NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER. DISTINCTION WILL BE AWARDED TO STUDENTS WHOSE CALCULATED GRADE EXCEEDS 30/30.
Texts
MOORE ET AL. CLINICALLY ORIENTED ANATOMY. LWW
GIRLOY ET AL. ATLAS OF ANATOMY. THIEME
YOUNG ET AL. WHEATER'S FUNCTIONAL HISTOLOGY. ELSEVIER
VANDERAH, GOULD. NOLTE'S THE HUMAN BRAIN. ELSEVIER
More Information
OTHER RESOURCES:
ANATOMAGE TABLE AT THE MACROSCOPIC ANATOMY LAB
OPTICAL MICROSCOPE AND HISTOLOGICAL SLIDES AT THE MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY LAB
ACLAND’S VIDEO ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY (ONLINE RESOURCE FREELY ACCESSIBLE BY UNISA STUDENTS)
COMPLETE ANATOMY (APPLICATION BY 3D4MEDICAL, ELSEVIER)
VIRTUAL MICROSCOPY LABORATORY HTTPS://HISTOLOGYGUIDE.ORG/SLIDEBOX/SLIDEBOX.HTML
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