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DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING EQUIPMENT - 1

Alessia BRAMANTI DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING EQUIPMENT - 1

1012500009
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
EQF6
IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 1
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2017
SPRING SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
1APPARECCHIATURE 1 - MOD. FISICA DELLE RADIAZIONI
112LESSONS
2APPARECCHIATURE 1 - MOD. APPARECCHIATURE E TECNICHE RADIOLOGICHE
224LESSONS
3APPARECCHIATURE 1 - MOD. RADIOPROTEZIONE
112LESSONS
4APPARECCHIATURE 1 - MOD. ASPETTI TECNICO-METODOLOGICI DEL C.I.
112LESSONS
5APPARECCHIATURE 1 - MOD. SISTEMI DI INFORMATIZZAZIONE DELLE IMMAGINI
112LESSONS
LEONARDO PACE3 T Curriculum
-41
RENATO CUOCOLO2 Curriculum
ALESSIA BRAMANTI5 Curriculum
Objectives
The Equipment I course takes place in the second semester of the first year. It is divided into 5 teaching modules: Radiology Equipment and Techniques with 2 CFU, Radiation Protection with 1 CFU, Radiation Physics with 1 CFU, Technical-Methodological Aspects of the equipment and Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Profession with 1 CFU, Computerization systems of images with 1 CFU for a total of 72 hours of lessons.
The course aims to facilitate the acquisition of theoretical knowledge regarding radiation physics, traditional radiology equipment and techniques and their technical-methodological aspects, the foundations and regulatory aspects of radiation protection, the fundamentals of image computerization systems
Knowledge and understanding
- Knowledge of the principles of radiation physics
- Main traditional radiology equipment and techniques
- Knowledge of the main elements of radiation protection and related regulatory aspects
- Knowledge of the ethical aspects of the profession
-Knowledge of image computerization systems
Ability to apply knowledge and understanding
- Ability to critically choose the traditional radiologist equipment suitable for each diagnostic procedure
- Ability to critically choose the traditional radiologist technique suitable for each diagnostic procedure.
- Ability to describe and apply the principles of radiation protection
- Ability to describe and apply the principles of computerization of images
Transversal skills
- Ability to update through bibliographic tools.
- Ability to critically answer the technical-methodological aspects of a clinical diagnostic question
Prerequisites
In order to understand and know how to apply most of the topics covered in the teaching, the student must have passed the preparatory examination of Physical-Statistical Sciences
Contents
Contents. The teaching is divided into 5 modules: Radiology Equipment and Techniques with 2 CFU, Radiation Protection with 1 CFU, Radiation Physics with 1 CFU, Technical-Methodological Aspects of the equipment and Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Profession with 1 CFU, Computerization systems of images with 1 CFU. The course includes 72 hours of lessons in which the topics will be addressed:
Radiology equipment and techniques
- Traditional radiology equipment and components: X-ray tube, cathode, fixed and rotating anode, fire;
- Techniques and methods;
- X-ray production;
- Filtration;
- Quality and quantity of x-rays;
- Collimators;
-Grill;
- Reinforcement screens;
- X-ray film, development and artifacts;
- Radiological image formation;
- Comparison of radiography and radioscopy;
- Image intensifier;
- Digital radiology;
- Digital image;
- Tomosynthesis.
Radiation Physics
- Definition of radioactivity
- The radiation
- Photoelectric effect
- Compton effect
- Production of pairs
- X-ray tube
- Bremsstrahlung effect
- Beam filtration
- Deterministic effects
- Stochastic effects
- Nuclear decays
- Law of radioactive decay
- Sources in nuclear medicine
- Dosimetry of ionizing radiation
- LET
- Absorbed dose
- Equivalent dose
- Effective dose
- Environmental dosimetry
- Personal dosimetry
- Radiation protection in nuclear medicine
Radiation protection
- Interactions of radiation with living matter
- Biological effects of radiation.
- Radiation protection.
- Radiation protection legislation.
Methodologies
- X-ray tube
- Radiographic imaging
- Radiodiagnostic equipment
- Remote controlled
- Angiograph
- Mammograph
- Breast tomosynthesis
- Mammotome
- CAD
- Orthopantomograph
- Fluoroscopic screens and fluoroscopy
- High voltage generators
- Portable appliances
- Digital radiology
- Digital mammography
- Digital orthopantomography
- Quality checks
- Potential use of the equipment
- Deontology of the TSRM profession
Image computerization systems:
- The evolution of radiological imaging
- digital and analog signals
- Digital processing systems
- Sampling
- Nyquist-Shannon theorem
- Fourier analysis
- Aliasing
- Quantization
- Light (wave and corpuscular theory)
- Photometric quantities
- Psycho-physiology of vision
- Principle of photometric uncertainty
- The eye as a receiver
- Properties of vision
- The color and relative sizes
- The digital image and its characteristics
- Histogram of gray levels
- Quality of digital images
- Spatial resolution and modulation transfer function
- Noise, contrast-to-noise ratio and quantum efficiency
- Image processing
- Point processing: Distances within an image, Look-Up Table (LUT), Algebraic operations between images and logical operators
- Local processing: convolution filters, smoothing, sharpening, edge extraction algorithms, median filter, unsharp masking, morphological operators
- Global processing: histogram equalization
- Processing in the transformed domain: Fourier transform, filters in the transformed domain (ideal filter, butterworth, exponential, trapezoidal)
Teaching Methods
The course is divided into lectures (72 hours) that will allow the student to acquire the knowledge and skills related to radiation physics, the main techniques and equipment of traditional radiology, the radioprotection regulations, the computerization systems of images and professional ethics.
Attendance of classroom lessons and laboratory exercises is mandatory. In order to take the final exam, the student must have attended at least 75% of the teaching hours. The modality of checking the presence is made known by the teacher at the beginning of the lessons.
Verification of learning
The achievement of the teaching objectives is certified by passing an oral exam with an evaluation out of thirty. The test as a whole allows to ascertain both the ability to know and understand, and the ability to apply the skills acquired, both the ability to exhibit, and the ability to learn and develop solutions independently of judgment. The teachers holding the coordinated modules participate in the overall collegial assessment of the student's achievement.
Texts
Corresponding chapters from: P. Torricelli. Manuale di Diagnostica per Immagini per TSRM. Ed Eculapio, 2023
GUIDA PRATICA DI POSIZIONI E TECNICHE RADIOGRAFICHE DI BONTRAGER - LAMPIGNANO – BONOMO, 2014
CORRESPONDING CHAPTERS FROM: F. MAZZUCCATO. ANATOMIA RADIOLOGICA. ED. PICCIN, 2009
CORRESPONDING CHAPTERS FROM: L.CAPACCIOLI N.VILLARI – ELEMENTI DI DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI. 2014
PRODURRE ED ELABORARE IMMAGINI DIAGNOSTICHE DI E. NERIM P. MARCHESCHI, D. CARAMELLA, ED. SPRINGER
ELEMENTI DI TECNOLOGIA IN RADIOLOGIA E DIAGNOSTICA PER IMMAGINI DI PASSARIELLO, ED. IDELSON
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