Alberto POSTIGLIONE | COOPERATIVE AGENTS FOR CONFLICTS RESOLUTION
Alberto POSTIGLIONE COOPERATIVE AGENTS FOR CONFLICTS RESOLUTION
cod. 1222500030
COOPERATIVE AGENTS FOR CONFLICTS RESOLUTION
| 1222500030 | |
| DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT & INNOVATION SYSTEMS | |
| EQF7 | |
| GLOBAL STUDIES AND EU | |
| 2023/2024 |
| OBBLIGATORIO | |
| YEAR OF COURSE 1 | |
| YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2018 | |
| AUTUMN SEMESTER |
| SSD | CFU | HOURS | ACTIVITY | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| INF/01 | 9 | 63 | LESSONS |
| Objectives | |
|---|---|
| STUDENTS WILL EXPLORE THE INTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS THAT DRIVE INHERENTLY SELFISH INDIVIDUALS (PEOPLE, ANIMALS, COMPANIES, NATIONS,…) IN ENVIRONMENTS WITH LIMITED RESOURCES WITH THE PROSPECT OF LONG-TERM INTERACTION, TO PREFER COOPERATIVE RATHER THAN AGGRESSIVE AND CONFLICTUAL STRATEGIES. FURTHERMORE, THIS TENDENCY OCCURS WITHOUT AN EXTERNAL AUTHORITY THAT IMPOSES COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIOR, AS LONG AS THERE IS A "PUNISHMENT" FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT COOPERATE, WHICH CAN ALSO SIMPLY BE THEIR EXCLUSION FROM PARTICIPATING IN THE GLOBAL BENEFITS OF COOPERATION. THIS DEPENDS ON THE FACT THAT A SELFISH INDIVIDUAL SELFISHLY FINDS MORE ADVANTAGE IN COOPERATING THAN IN NOT DOING SO. STUDENTS WILL ANALYZE THE STRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION OF COMPLEX NETWORKS OF SUCH INDIVIDUALS, ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF PHENOMENA IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES, USING COMPUTER MODELING AND SIMULATION METHODS. STUDENTS WILL GAIN A SOLID UNDERSTANDING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS, COMPLEX NETWORKS AND SOME ASPECTS OF GAME THEORY. THEY WILL BE AWARE THAT BEHIND THE COMPLEXITY OF THE SYSTEMS PRESENT IN THE REAL WORLD LIES AN ORDER, REGULATED BY COMMON PRINCIPLES AND BEHAVIORS, WHICH REQUIRES HOLISTIC APPROACHES, AND NOT THE REDUCTIONIST ONES OF CLASSICAL SCIENCE, AND THE USE OF MODELING AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES. IN PARTICULAR, STUDENTS WILL EXAMINE THE STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS (SUCH AS THE OPEN SYSTEM, COMPLEX NETWORKS, NON-LINEAR INTERACTIONS AND FEEDBACK PHENOMENA) AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS (SUCH AS THE NON-PREDICTABILITY OF BEHAVIOR, THE EMERGENCE OF SELF-ORGANIZATION, COLLECTIVE BEHAVIORS, SYNCHRONIZATION AND ADAPTATION TO THE ENVIRONMENT) OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS, ANALYZING REAL EXAMPLES. FURTHERMORE, THEY WILL STUDY THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEX NETWORKS, SUCH AS THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONNECTIONS AND ASSOCIATED MEASURES (SUCH AS DEGREE, PATH LENGTH, SEPARATION LEVEL, DIAMETER, AGGREGATION COEFFICIENT), HIGHLIGHTING THE FEW SIMPLE NATURAL RULES THAT GOVERN THEM, COMMON TO ALL NETWORKS. IN PARTICULAR, THEY WILL DELVE INTO THE CONCEPTS OF "SMALL WORLD NETWORK", "SCALED NETWORK" AND "SCALE-FREE NETWORK". STUDENTS WILL USE THE GAME THEORY MODEL KNOWN AS THE "ITERATED PRISONER'S DILEMMA," WHICH ADAPTS TO NUMEROUS REAL-WORLD SITUATIONS, TO UNDERSTAND THE TENSION BETWEEN SHORT-TERM BENEFITS OF SELFISH BEHAVIOR AND THE NEED FOR COOPERATION FOR LONG-TERM SUCCESS. FINALLY, OTHER SIMULATION MODELS WILL BE INTRODUCED TO ANALYZE THE FORMATION OF ALLIANCES IN CONFLICT CONTEXTS AND THE DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT EVOLUTION, SUCH AS THE LANDSCAPE MODEL AND THE TRIBUTE MODEL. STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO DESIGN AND COMPARE COMPUTER STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE "ITERATED PRISONER'S DILEMMA" USING THE COMPUTER. FURTHERMORE, THEY WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED THROUGH THE USE OF ALGORITHMIC SIMULATION MODELS TO REPRESENT HISTORICAL-POLITICAL SITUATIONS. THIS WILL ALLOW THEM TO POTENTIALLY PREDICT THE FUTURE BEHAVIOR OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS OF INDIVIDUALS. STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO MODEL SOCIO-POLITICAL PHENOMENA AND SIMULATE THEIR BEHAVIOR USING A COMPUTER. |
| Prerequisites | |
|---|---|
| BASIC CONCEPTS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, AS BY ANY COURSE OF "FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE" TAUGHT IN NON-SCIENTIFIC COURSES. A GOOD ABSTRACTION CAPACITY IS USEFUL TO IDENTIFY THE FUNDAMENTAL DATA TO BE USED DURING THE COMPUTER SIMULATION OF A PHENOMENON. |
| Contents | |
|---|---|
| THE COURSE INCLUDES 63 HOURS OF TEACHING (10 CFU) OF WHICH 45 ARE THEORETICAL AND 18 ARE LABORATORY, DIVIDED INTO THREE CONSECUTIVE MODULES AND CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER. FOR EACH OF THE THREE MODULES THERE IS A THEORETICAL PART AND AN EXERCITATIVE PART IN WHICH THE STUDENT WILL LEARN TO DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT, IN SOME CASES, AND TO USE, IN OTHER CASES, IT TOOLS. MODULE 1: COMPLEX SYSTEMS AND COMPLEX NETWORKS AS MODELS FOR SOCIAL NETWORKS (32 HOURS) INTRODUCTION TO COMPLEX SYSTEMS BASIC CONCEPTS ON GRAPHS AND THEIR MAIN MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS COMPLEX NETWORKS PERFORMANCES OF A SOCIAL NETWORK WITH PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE DIFFUSION OF NEWS AND COMPUTER AND / OR BIOLOGICAL VIRUSES IN A SOCIAL NETWORK. SMALL WORLD CONCEPT AND THE IMPORTANCE OF WEAK TIES. LABORATORY: THE BIRTH AND EVOLUTION OF A COMPLEX NETWORK, STARTING FROM THE "FITNESS PREFERENTIAL ATTACHMENT" MODEL. MODULE 2: COOPERATION IN THE COMPETITIVE FIELD AND "ITERATED PRISONER'S DILEMMA" (24 HOURS) BASIC CONCEPTS ON GAME THEORY THE COMPLEXITY OF COOPERATION THE "ITERATED PRISONER DILEMMA" EVOLUTION OF STRATEGIES AND AFFIRMATION OF THOSE COOPERATIVES: LABORATORY: IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTERIZED "TOURNAMENTS" OF STRATEGIES FOR THE "ITERATION OF THE PRISONER" PROBLEM, WHERE EACH STUDENT CREATES AND COMPETES ONE OR MORE STRATEGIES MODULE 3: OTHER SIMULATION MODELS (7 HOURS) • EMERGENCY AND STABILIZATION OF BEHAVIORAL STANDARDS • GENETIC ALGORITHMS WHICH CONSTITUTE A HEURISTIC METHOD OF RESEARCH AND OPTIMIZATION, INSPIRED BY THE PRINCIPLE OF NATURAL SELECTION BY CHARLES DARWIN. • FORMATION OF ALLIANCES (LANDSCAPE MODEL) THE MODEL ANALYZES HOW THE VARIOUS INDIVIDUALS OF A SYSTEM FORM ALLIANCES AND COALITIONS, BASED ON THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THEY ARE GUIDED MAINLY BY AFFINITIES AND MUCH LESS BY PURE "NUMERICAL" STRATEGIES. IN ESSENCE, INDIVIDUALS FORM AN ALLIANCE TRYING TO MINIMIZE THE UNRELIABILITY OF THEIR PARTNERS. THERE ARE MANY APPLICATIONS, FOR EXAMPLE: ALLIANCES BETWEEN NATIONS (WORLD WAR II); STRATEGIC ALLIANCES BETWEEN COMPANIES (UNIX); COALITIONS BETWEEN PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT; RACIAL SEGREGATION AN EXERCISE WILL BE DEVELOPED THAT WILL ANALYZE THE BIRTH AND EVOLUTION OF ALLIANCES DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR. • CONFLICT SIMULATION (TRIBUTE MODEL) MODEL THAT EXPLAINS THE DYNAMICS ACCORDING TO WHICH GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS (POLITICAL ACTORS, NATIONS, COMPANIES, ...) TRY TO EMERGE THROUGH ACTS OF FORCE (THREATS OR WARS) TOWARDS OTHERS. HERE TOO A COMPUTER SIMULATION WILL DEVELOP THAT WILL SIMULATE THE SECOND WORLD WAR. • LABORATORY: IMPLEMENTATION OF PREVIOUS MODELS TO KNOWN EVENTS (EG WORLD WAR II) |
| Teaching Methods | |
|---|---|
| THE COURSE AIMS TO SPEED STUDENTS INTO THE PROCESS OF PERMANENT TRAINING (LIFELONG LEARNING), WHICH INVOLVES CONTINUOUS UPDATE (THROUGH THEIR WHOLE LIFE) OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS, TRYING TO STIMULATE CURIOSITY AND INTEREST TOWARDS NEW TECHNOLOGIES. TO INCREASE ATTENTION AND LEARNING ABILITY, THE TEACHER WILL SHOW THE "PRACTICAL" IMPLICATIONS OF WHAT IS PRESENTED IN LESSON AND WILL ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO CONTINUOUS INTERACTION WITH HIM AND WITH THE OTHER STUDENTS. IN THE CLASSROOM, TO MAINTAIN ALERT ATTENTION, THE USE WILL BE MADE OF SLIDES, APPROPRIATELY ACCOMPANIED BY MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS. IN ORDER TO GET THEM USED TO SELF-LEARNING, STUDENTS WILL BE INVITED TO LEARN MORE INTO THE COURSE TOPICS BY OFFERING THEM ACCESS TO ONLINE RESOURCES OF PARTICULAR INTEREST. FROM A STRUCTURAL POINT OF VIEW, THE LESSONS WILL CONSIST OF LECTURES WITH EXAMPLES AND GUIDED EXERCISES. IN THE LAST LESSONS, EACH STUDENT WILL DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT ONE OR MORE STRATEGIES FOR THE "ITERATED PRISONER'S DILEMMA" WHICH WILL BE COMPETED WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH THE "CLASSIC" STRATEGIES IN A ROBIN-STYLE TOURNAMENT. THE LESSONS CAN ALSO BE CARRIED OUT IN ENGLISH, AS WELL AS THE EXERCISE ACTIVITIES AND PROCESSING OF RESEARCH REPORTS. THE USE OF DOCUMENTARY AND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES IN ENGLISH IS THEREFORE ALSO INCLUDED. |
| Verification of learning | |
|---|---|
| MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONNAIRE AND ORAL DISCUSSION. THE ASSESSMENT WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT, AS WELL AS THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT TREATED, ALSO OF THE EXHIBITION CAPACITY. |
| Texts | |
|---|---|
| ZAGARE, F.C. GAME THEORY, DIPLOMATIC HISTORY AND SECURITY STUDIES, OUP OXFORD, 2019 BARABASI, LINK. LA SCIENZA DELLE RETI, EINAUDI, 2004 GANDOLFI, A. “FORMICAI, IMPERI, CERVELLI, INTRODUZIONE ALLA SCIENZA DELLA COMPLESSITÀ”, BOLLATI BORINGHIERI, 2008 AXELROD, ROBERT “THE COMPLEXITY OF COOPERATION”, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1997 AXELROD, ROBERT “THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION: REVISED EDITION”, BASIC BOOKS, 2006 |
| More Information | |
|---|---|
| THE COURSE SLIDES AND FURTHER COURSE MATERIAL CAN BE DOWNLOADED FROM THE TEACHER'S WEBSITE: (HTTP://DOCENTI.UNISA.IT/000794/RESORSE) |
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