FUNDAMENTALS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Canio NOCE FUNDAMENTALS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS

0512600013
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS "E. R. CAIANIELLO"
EQF6
PHYSICS
2021/2022

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 3
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2017
AUTUMN SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
972LESSONS
336EXERCISES
Objectives
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
CONSOLIDATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF MACRO-PHYSICS AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MICRO-PHYSICS, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS. KNOWLEDGE OF ADVANCED TOPICS IN THE FIELD OF QUANTUM PHYSICS.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
ABILITY TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE IN DIFFERENT CONTEXTS, AND TO PERCEIVE THE INTERDISCIPLINARY VALUE OF RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE METHODOLOGIES OF THESE DISCIPLINES; THE ABILITY TO DEVELOP SIMPLE MODELS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF ATOMIC PHENOMENA; APPLICATION OF BASIC CONCEPTS OF RELATIVISTIC AND QUANTUM MECHANICS TO THE STUDY OF FRONTIER PROBLEMS IN THIS FIELD.
Prerequisites
TEACHING ASSUMES KNOWLEDGE OF MATRIX ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS IN THE COMPLEX PLANE AND THE PROPERTIES OF SYMMETRIC MATRICES, ORTHOGONAL MATRICES, HERMITIAN MATRICES, AND UNITARY MATRICES. THE STUDENT IS ALSO REQUIRED TO HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS, ANALYTICAL MECHANICS, AND ELECTROMAGNETISM.
THE COURSE ASSUMES THAT THE STUDENT KNOWS HOW TO DIAGONALIZE MATRICES AND CALCULATE EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS, AS WELL AS THE SCALAR PRODUCT IN FUNCTION SPACES AND THE APPLICATION OF CONCEPTS SUCH AS INTEGRABILITY AND SUMMABILITY.
THE KNOWLEDGE OF ANALYSIS II, GEOMETRY AND PHYSICS II ARE PREPARATORY TO THESE LECTURES.
Contents
CRISIS OF CLASSICAL PHYSICS (10 HOURS, 7 THEORY AND 3 EXERCISES)
MICHELSON AND MORLEY EXPERIMENT; BLACK BODY SPECTRA; PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT AND COMPTON EFFECT; ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; DE BROGLIE RELATION; RUTHERFORD EXPERIMENT AND ATOMIC SPECTRA; STERN AND GERLACH EXPERIMENT; WAVES AND PARTICLES; INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENTS.

SPECIAL RELATIVITY (24 HOURS, 16 THEORY AND 8 EXERCISES).
LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS. INTRODUCTION TO TENSORS. RELATIVISTIC KINEMATICS. RELATIVISTIC DYNAMICS. SCATTERING. COVARIANT FORMULATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD TENSOR. LORENTZ INVARIANTS AND LORENTZ GROUP.

MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS (10 HOURS, 6 THEORY AND 4 EXERCISES).
PROBABILITY AND PROBABILITY AMPLITUDES. UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE. LINEAR OPERATORS. MATRIX REPRESENTATIONS. COMPLETENESS RELATION. PRODUCT OF OPERATORS. BASE CHANGES AND UNITARY TRANSFORMATIONS. SCALAR PRODUCT. THE CONCEPT OF MEASURE IN QUANTUM MECHANICS. MEASUREMENTS AND OBSERVABLES. EXPECTATION VALUES OF OBSERVABLES. EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS OF OBSERVABLES. EIGENVECTORS OF OBSERVABLES AS BASIS VECTORS. COMPATIBLE AND INCOMPATIBLE OBSERVABLES. UNCERTAINTY RELATION. POSITION OPERATOR. MOMENTUM OPERATOR. CANONICAL COMMUTATION RULES.

SCHROEDINGER EQUATION (8 HOURS, 6 THEORY AND 2 EXERCISES).
HAMILTONIAN OPERATOR. TIME EVOLUTION OF STATES. CURRENT DENSITY AND CONTINUITY EQUATION. SYMMETRIES AND CONSERVATION LAWS. DERIVATIVE OF AN OPERATOR WITH RESPECT TO TIME. CONSERVATIVE QUANTITIES. EHRENFEST THEOREM. STATIONARY STATES. SCHROEDINGER EQUATION FOR STATIONARY STATES. PARITY. EIGENVALUES AND EIGENSTATES OF THE PARITY OPERATOR. SYMMETRY BY SPATIAL INVERSION AND CONSERVATION OF PARITY.

ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS (12 HOURS, 8 THEORY AND 4 EXERCISES).
GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE SCHROEDINGER EQUATION. INFINITE AND FINITE POTENTIAL HOLE. STEP OF POTENTIAL. TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS. POTENTIAL BARRIER. TUNNEL EFFECT. HARMONIC OSCILLATOR. DIRAC'S OPERATORIAL METHOD FOR SOLVING THE SCHROEDINGER EQUATION OF THE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR.

GENERAL THEORY OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM (8 HOURS, 6 THEORY AND 2 EXERCISES).
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION AND ALGEBRAIC SOLUTION OF THE EIGENVALUE EQUATION FOR THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM OPERATOR. EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM OPERATOR. ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND SPIN ANGULAR MOMENTUM. COMPOSITION OF ANGULAR MOMENTS. CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS.

MOTION IN A CENTRAL FIELD (10 HOURS, 6 THEORY AND 4 EXERCISES).
COULOMBIC FIELD. HYDROGEN ATOM. DISCRETE SPECTRUM EIGENVALUES AND EIGENFUNCTIONS. CALCULATION OF AVERAGE VALUES OF DIFFERENT PHYSICAL QUANTITIES IN THE STATES OF A HYDROGEN ATOM. SCHRODINGER EQUATION FOR A HYDROGEN ATOM IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION.

APPROXIMATION METHODS (16 HOURS, 10 THEORY AND 6 EXERCISES).
THEORY OF TIME-DEPENDENT AND TIME-INDEPENDENT PERTURBATIONS. NON-DEGENERATE CASE AND DEGENERATE CASE. VARIATIONAL METHOD. APPLICATIONS. FINE STRUCTURE CORRECTIONS. RELATIVISTIC CORRECTIONS TO KINETIC ENERGY, SPIN-ORBIT COUPLING AND DARWIN'S TERM. ZEEMAN EFFECT. PASCHEN-BACK EFFECT. LINEAR AND QUADRATIC STARK EFFECT. ABSORPTION AND EMISSION OF RADIATION. DIPOLE APPROXIMATION. SELECTION RULES.

MODERN QUANTUM MECHANICS (10 HOURS, 7 THEORY AND 3 EXERCISES).
EPR PARADOX. BELL'S INEQUALITY. EXPERIMENTAL TESTS. CLONING THEOREM. QUANTUM TELEPORTATION. ELEMENTS OF QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY.


Teaching Methods
THE TEACHING INCLUDES 108 HOURS OF CLASSROOM TEACHING, INCLUDING LECTURES AND EXERCISES (12 CFU). IN PARTICULAR, THERE ARE 72 HOURS OF LECTURES (9 CFU) AND 36 HOURS OF EXERCISES (3 CFU).
IN THE THEORETICAL LECTURES ARE PRESENTED THE TOPICS OF THE COURSE FOLLOWING THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISCIPLINE. IN THE EXERCISES ARE DISCUSSED PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED USING THE TECHNIQUES PRESENTED IN THE THEORETICAL LESSONS, WITH INCREASING COMPLEXITY. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROBLEM IS GUIDED BY THE TEACHER AND TENDS TO DEVELOP AND STRENGTHEN THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE MOST APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES TO SOLVE THE EXERCISE. THE ATTENDANCE OF THE COURSE, ALTHOUGH NOT MANDATORY, IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED, ESPECIALLY FOR WHAT CONCERNS THE EXERCISES. MOREOVER, THE STUDENT HAS THE OPPORTUNITY TO USE THE E-LEARNING PLATFORM SPECIFICALLY CREATED TO DOWNLOAD DIDACTIC MATERIAL (PROBLEMS AND REFERENCE TEXTS) AND TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPICS COVERED IN CLASS.
Verification of learning
THE EXAMINATION AIMS AT EVALUATING THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS.
THE EXAMINATION INCLUDES A WRITTEN AND AN ORAL TEST, BOTH EVALUATED IN THIRTIETHS. TO TAKE THE ORAL EXAM IT IS NECESSARY TO PASS THE WRITTEN TEST WITH A MINIMUM SCORE OF 18/30. DURING THE COURSE THERE WILL BE A PARTIAL WRITTEN TEST, EXEMPTING A PART OF THE WRITTEN EXAM. THE PARTIAL TEST IS ONLY ON RELATIVITY TOPICS AND IS EVALUATED IN THIRTIETHS. THE TEST REQUIRES THE SOLUTION OF OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS AND MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS. IF THE SCORE WILL BE HIGHER OR EQUAL TO 18/30 THE STUDENT CAN CONSIDER HIMSELF EXEMPTED FROM SOLVING THE RELATIVITY EXERCISE PRESENT IN THE WRITTEN TESTS OF THE EXAMS AND HE WILL NOT CONFER TO THE ORAL EXAM ON RELATIVITY TOPICS. THE FINAL SCORE OF THE WRITTEN EXAM WILL BE GIVEN BY THE AVERAGE OF THE MARKS OF THE EXONERATION TEST AND OF THE QUANTUM MECHANICS EXERCISE OF THE WRITTEN EXAM.
THE WRITTEN EXAM, AIMED AT VERIFYING THE LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPICS COVERED IN THE LECTURES, CONSISTS OF THE SOLUTION OF TWO PROBLEMS, ONE OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND ONE OF QUANTUM MECHANICS. THE TIME ALLOCATED TO THE TEST IS NINETY MINUTES, IF THE STUDENT HAS PASSED THE EXEMPTION TEST, AND ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY MINUTES, IN OTHER CASES.
THE EVALUATION OF THE ORAL TESTS WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE MOST APPROPRIATE STRATEGIES TO ANALYZE THE TOPICS OF THE COURSE, THE ABILITY TO EXPOSE IN A CLEAR AND SYNTHETIC WAY THE OBJECTIVES, THE PROCEDURE AND THE RESULTS OF THE ELABORATIONS CARRIED OUT, AS WELL AS THE ABILITY TO DEEPEN THE TOPICS COVERED, ORIENTING HIMSELF APPROPRIATELY AMONG THE PROPOSED MATERIALS.
THE MINIMUM LEVEL OF EVALUATION (18/30) IS GIVEN WHEN THE STUDENT DEMONSTRATES THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF RELATIVISTIC MECHANICS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, SHOWING, ALSO, A KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGIES OF MODERN PHYSICS AND A REASONABLE EXPOSITIVE ABILITY.
THE MAXIMUM LEVEL (30/30) IS AWARDED WHEN THE STUDENT DEMONSTRATES THE ABILITY TO CORRECTLY ILLUSTRATE AND COMPETENTLY DISCUSS THE CONCEPTS AND METHODS OF MODERN PHYSICS AND SHOWS A REMARKABLE ABILITY TO CONNECT AND EXPOSE THE PROPERTIES OF THE DIFFERENT TOPICS.
THE FINAL GRADE, EXPRESSED IN THIRTIETHS WITH POSSIBLE HONORS, IS OBTAINED AS THE AVERAGE OF THE TWO TESTS, THE WRITTEN AND THE ORAL. HONORS WILL BE AWARDED WHEN THE CANDIDATE DEMONSTRATES SIGNIFICANT MASTERY OF THE THEORETICAL AND OPERATIONAL CONTENTS AND SHOWS THE ABILITY TO PRESENT THE TOPICS WITH REMARKABLE LANGUAGE AND AUTONOMOUS ELABORATION SKILLS EVEN IN CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PROPOSED BY THE TEACHER.
Texts
C. NOCE INTRODUZIONE ALLA FISICA MODERNA ARACNE EDITRICE
C. NOCE MODERN PHYSICS IOP PUBLISHING
R. RESNICK INTRODUZIONE ALLA RELATIVITÀ RISTRETTA CEA AMBROSIANA
W. RINDLER INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL RELATIVITY CLARENDON
J. D. JACKSON CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS WILEY & SONS
D. J. GRIFFITHS INTRODUZIONE ALLA MECCANICA QUANTISTICA CEA AMBROSIANA
C. COHEN-TANNOUDJI, B. DIU, F. LALOE QUANTUM MECHANICS I & II WILEY & SONS
R. ROSSETTI ISTITUZIONI DI FISICA TEORICA LEVROTTO E BELLA
C. ROSSETTI ESERCIZI DI MECCANICA QUANTISTICA ELEMENTARE LEVROTTO E BELLA

D. HALLIDAY, R. RESNIK, J. WALKER FONDAMENTI DI FISICA. FISICA MODERNA ZANICHELLI
P. G. BERGMANN INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY DOVER
L. LANDAU, E. LIFSHITZ FISICA TEORICA: TEORIA DEI CAMPI EDITORI RIUNITI
L. LANDAU, E. LIFSCHITZ FISICA TEORICA: MECCANICA QUANTISTICA EDITORI RIUNITI
J. J. SAKURAI MECCANICA QUANTISTICA MODERNA ZANICHELLI
P. A. M. DIRAC THE PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
G. BUSIELLO, C. NOCE PROBLEMI DI FISICA TEORICA PATRON
L. ANGELINI MECCANICA QUANTISTICA: PROBLEMI SCELTI SPRINGER VERLAG

More Information
THE TEACHER CAN BE CONTACTED AT THE FOLLOWING E-MAIL ADDRESSES: CNOCE@UNISA.IT OR CANIO@SA.INFN.IT A MOODLE OF THE COURSE WILL ALSO BE AVAILABLE AT THE FOLLOWING ADDRESS: HTTPS://AD.FISICA.UNISA.IT/LOGIN/INDEX.PHP
RESERVED FOR STUDENTS ENROLLED IN THE COURSE.
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