Margherita FIANI | GEOMATICS
Margherita FIANI GEOMATICS
cod. 0612500052
GEOMATICS
| 0612500052 | |
| DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING | |
| EQF6 | |
| CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING | |
| 2024/2025 |
| OBBLIGATORIO | |
| YEAR OF COURSE 3 | |
| YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022 | |
| AUTUMN SEMESTER |
| SSD | CFU | HOURS | ACTIVITY | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICAR/06 | 6 | 60 | LESSONS |
| Objectives | |
|---|---|
| GENERAL OBJECTIVE THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS NECESSARY TO USE TOPOGRAPHIC TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES AND APPLY THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF GEOMATICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND LAND USE ENGINEERING. THIS INCLUDES LEARNING TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR SURVEYING, DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION, BOTH THROUGH TERRESTRIAL AND SATELLITE SURVEYING TECHNIQUES. IN ADDITION, THE COURSE AIMS TO TRAIN STUDENTS IN THE USE OF CARTOGRAPHY AND THE PROCESSING OF OBSERVATIONS. THESE SKILLS WILL BE ESSENTIAL FOR CARRYING OUT LAND DESIGN, MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, AND FACILITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING SKILLS THE STUDENT WILL ACQUIRE SKILLS IN THE MAIN AREAS OF GEOMATICS, WITH REFERENCE TO GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY, AND TERRESTRIAL AND SATELLITE SURVEYING TECHNIQUES.IN PARTICULAR, HE/SHE WILL ACQUIRE:BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF GEODESY, INCLUDING GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEMS, COORDINATE DETERMINATION, AND GEODETIC MEASUREMENTS; KNOWLEDGE OF CARTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, SUCH AS GEOSPATIAL DATA REPRESENTATION, MAP PRODUCTION, CARTOGRAPHIC METADATA MANAGEMENT, AND THE STUDY OF MAJOR CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS; PROFICIENCY IN THE USE OF TERRESTRIAL INSTRUMENTS FOR TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING, INCLUDING THEODOLITES, LEVELS, AND TOTAL STATIONS, AND GNSS SATELLITE INSTRUMENTS FOR GEODETIC POSITIONING; AND BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TECHNIQUES FOR PROCESSING OBSERVATIONS. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO PERFORM SIMPLE TASKS IN THE FIELD OF SURVEYING; EFFECTIVELY USE GEOSPATIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE ACQUISITION, ANALYSIS, AND REPRESENTATION OF SURVEY DATA; AND APPLY GEOMATIC PRINCIPLES AND METHODOLOGIES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MAPS AND MODELS. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO INTEGRATE AND INTERPRET GEOSPATIAL DATA TO SUPPORT DECISIONS AND SOLUTIONS IN VARIOUS APPLICATION CONTEXTS. INSTRUMENTAL AND NUMERICAL EXERCISES WILL BE ESSENTIAL TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE LEARNED DURING THE LECTURES. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT. THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE QUALITY AND RELIABILITY OF GEOSPATIAL DATA USED TO SUPPORT DECISIONS AND SOLUTIONS IN VARIOUS APPLICATION CONTEXTS; DISCERN BETWEEN DIFFERENT GEOMATICS METHODOLOGIES AND APPROACHES TO IDENTIFY THE MOST APPROPRIATE SOLUTION TO A SPECIFIC SITUATION OR PROBLEM; INDEPENDENTLY SELECT AND APPLY GEOSPATIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES TO SOLVE COMPLEX PROBLEMS AND MAKE INFORMED DECISIONS; INTEGRATE GEOMATICS KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES TO ADDRESS INTERDISCIPLINARY CHALLENGES AND FIND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS. COMMUNICATION SKILLS. THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: EXPRESS HIMSELF/HERSELF IN TECHNICAL LANGUAGE; COMMUNICATE CLEARLY AND CONVINCINGLY THE RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS DERIVED FROM THE ANALYSIS OF GEOSPATIAL DATA, BOTH VERBALLY AND IN WRITING. LEARNING SKILLS THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: FOLLOW THE EVOLUTION OF NEW KNOWLEDGE IN THE FIELD; EFFECTIVELY USE TRADITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC TOOLS AND COMPUTER RESOURCES FOR THE ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVING OF GEOMATIC INFORMATION; CARRY OUT INDEPENDENT RESEARCH, UNDERSTAND AND INTERPRET COMPLEX TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC TEXTS RELATED TO GEOMATICS; CONTINUOUSLY UPDATE THEIR KNOWLEDGE, USING TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE TO STAY ABREAST OF DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF GEOMATICS. |
| Prerequisites | |
|---|---|
| THE STUDENT TAKING THIS COURSE MUST HAVE BASIC NOTIONS OF MATHEMATICS, GEOMETRY AND ALGEBRA, AND PHYSICS. TYPICALLY, THESE NOTIONS ARE LARGELY ACQUIRED IN HIGH SCHOOL OR IN THE FIRST YEAR OF THE BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAM; SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SUPPORT IF CRITICAL. |
| Contents | |
|---|---|
| INTRODUCTION: PRINCIPLES OF SURVEY - DEFINITIONS - MEASUREMENT AND THEIR UNITS - PRECISION AND ACCURACY IN SURVEYING. GEODESY: SHAPE OF THE EARTH - PROBLEM OF SURVEYING - GEOCENTRIC COORDINATE SYSTEM - GRAVITATIONAL FIELD - GEOID - HEIGHT SYSTEMS AND HEIGHT DIFFERENCES – ASTRONOMICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM – EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES - REFERENCE ELLIPSOID - ELLIPSOID COORDINATES - GEOID UNDULATIONS - GEODETIC SYSTEMS (DATUM) - CLASSICAL OBSERVABLES: AZIMUTH AND ZENITH ANGLES, DISTANCES, HEIGHT DIFFERENCES - GEOMETRY OF THE ELLIPSOID - ELLIPSOID SECTIONS: NORMAL, PRINCIPAL - RADII OF CURVATURE - TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOCENTRIC SYSTEMS AND VICE VERSA - LOCAL GEODETIC SYSTEM - GEODETIC LINES - THEOREMS OF OPERATIONAL GEODESY - PUISEUX WEINGARTEN DEVELOPMENTS - APPROXIMATE REFERENCE SURFACES: TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC FIELD. NATIONAL GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE, DECREE NOVEMBER 10, 2011: ADOPTION OF THE NATIONAL GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM. THEORY OF ERRORS AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF OBSERVATIONS: MEASUREMENT ERRORS: GROSS, SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOM - PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS - NORMAL (GAUSSIAN) DISTRIBUTION - ESTIMATION OF CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF A DISTRIBUTION - CONFIDENCE INTERVALS - STANDARDIZED VARIABLE - TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES - COVARIANCE AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - PROPAGATION OF VARIANCE-COVARIANCE - APPLICATIONS TO SURVEYING PROBLEMS - LEAST SQUARES METHOD – ADJUSTMENT BY THE METHOD OF INDIRECT OBSERVATIONS. CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS: PROBLEM OF MAP PROJECTION - DEFORMATION MODULES - CLASSIFICATION OF MAPS - CONFORMAL PROJECTIONS - CONFORMAL GAUSS MAP AND ITS GEODETIC USE - CONTRACTED COORDINATES AND MODULES EXPRESSIONS – THE ITALIAN OFFICIAL CARTOGRAPHY - COORDINATE MEASUREMENT ON THE IGM MAPS OF ITALY – UTM AND UPS CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM - CADASTRAL CARTOGRAPHY. SURVEYING: NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORKS: PLANIMETRIC, LEVELING, IGM5 NETWORKS - REFERENCE, THICKENING AND LOCAL NETWORKS - PLANIMETRIC SURVEY REDUCTION OF DISTANCES TO THE REFERENCE SURFACE - ELEMENTARY SURVEY SCHEMES: INTERSECTIONS (FORWARD, LATERAL, BACKWARD), POLAR TRANSPORT (IRRADIATION), POLYGONALS CONSTRAINED TO EXTREMES AND CLOSED POLYGONALS - TOLERANCES, EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENT OF ANGULAR AND LINEAR CLOSURES - DETAIL SURVEY - VERTICAL SURVEY: ORTHOMETRIC AND NORMAL HEIGHTS, REFERENCE SURFACES - TRIGONOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC LEVELING: SCHEME, INSTRUMENTATION, ACCURACY - PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF GNSS SURVEYING, SESSIONS AND INDEPENDENT BASELINES - BASELINES COMPUTATION - TRANSFORMATION IN THE NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM - DESIGN, PLANNING, MATERIALIZATION, SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT OF PLANIMETRIC, LEVELING AND GNSS NETWORKS. TOPOGRAPHIC AND OPERATIONAL METHODS: MEASURE OF ANGLES – THEODOLITES - MAIN COMPONENTS: TELESCOPE, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CIRCLES, CIRCLE READING AND OPTICAL MICROMETER, OPTICAL PLUMB - SETTING UP - READING METHOD OF AZIMUTH ANGLES - BESSEL’S METHOD - ZENITH ANGLES - ELECTRONIC THEODOLITES - MEASURE OF DISTANCES - GEODIMETERS: OPERATING PRINCIPLE, FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION, ACCURACY OF A GEODIMETER - TOTAL STATIONS – LEVELING – LEVELS - TYPES OF LEVELS - MAIN COMPONENTS: TELESCOPE, LEVEL PLUMBS, LEVELING SCREWS - BESSEL’S METHOD - INVAR STADIA. GNSS. BASIC CONCEPTS - GNSS CONSTELLATION (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS, COMPASS-BEIDOU) AND CONTROL SEGMENT; GPS SIGNAL STRUCTURE; GPS BIASES AND ERRORS; GPS RECEIVERS; WGS84; PSEUDO-RANGE AND CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENTS - BASELINE PROCESSING: SINGLE, DOUBLE AND TRIPLE PHASE DIFFERENCES - LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF OBSERVABLES - CYCLE SLIPS - AMBIGUITIES. |
| Teaching Methods | |
|---|---|
| THE COURSE IS ORGANIZED WITH THEORETICAL LECTURES AND IN-CLASS AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES DESIGNED BOTH TO ACQUAINT THE STUDENT WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF CLASSICAL SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS AND SOME CLASSICAL PROFESSIONAL APPLICATIONS, AND TO DEVELOP IN THE STUDENT THE ABILITY TO ADAPT SURVEYING SCHEMES TO REAL OPERATING CONDITIONS. |
| Verification of learning | |
|---|---|
| THE VERIFICATION OF LEARNING OF THE COURSE IN GEOMATICS IS DONE THROUGH A SINGLE FINAL EXAM, WHICH ASCERTAINS THE ACQUISITION OF THE EXPECTED KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS THROUGH THE CONDUCT OF A WRITTEN AND ORAL TEST WITHOUT THE AID OF NOTES OR BOOKS. THE WRITTEN CONSISTS OF QUESTIONS OF VARIOUS KINDS (MULTIPLE-CHOICE, OPEN-ENDED, OR SIMPLE BASIC EXERCISES) COVERING THE ENTIRE COURSE SYLLABUS. EACH QUESTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH, AND DECLARED IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE EXAM, A SCORE WHOSE TOTAL EXCEEDS THE MAXIMUM OF 3 UNITS (33/30). THE TEST MUST BE TAKEN WITHIN THE SPECIFIED TIME RANGE AND GENERALLY NOT EXCEEDING ONE HOUR. THE ORAL IS HELD AFTER THE WRITTEN TEST, AND IS INTENDED TO SUPPLEMENT THE WRITTEN TEST WITH SOME SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONS THAT MAY AFFECT THE FINAL SCORE BY NO MORE THAN +/- 3 POINTS. |
| Texts | |
|---|---|
| LECTURERS' NOTES USABLE FREE OF CHARGE IN UNIVERSITY WEBSITES FOR REFERENCE: G. INGHILLERI, L. SOLAINI. TOPOGRAFIA. LEVROTTO & BELLA, 1997. G. FOLLONI. PRINCIPI DI TOPOGRAFIA – PATRON, 1982 G. BEZOARI, C. MONTI, A. SELVINI. TOPOGRAFIA GENERALE. UTET, MILANO, 2002 B. HOFMANN-WELLENHOF, H. LICHTENEGGER, J. COLLINS. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM: THEORY AND PRACTICE. SPRINGER-VERLAG, 1997. |
| More Information | |
|---|---|
| PRACTICAL LABORATORY EXERCISES FOCUSING ON THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CLASSICAL TOPOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION ARE PLANNED FOR THE PURPOSE OF UNDERSTANDING SOME PARTS OF THE COURSE IN PARTICULAR, THE INSTRUMENTS THAT WILL BE CONSIDERED ARE THE CLASSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF MODERN TOPOGRAPHY - THEODOLITE - TOTAL STATION - LEVEL - GNSS RECEIVERS |
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