Margherita FIANI | GEOMATICS

cod. 0612900007

GEOMATICS

	0612900007
	DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
	EQF6
	SC L-P01 TECHNIQUES FOR BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT
	2024/2025

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2023
	SPRING SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ICAR/06	6	48	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

	Objectives
	GENERAL OBJECTIVE TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH A COMPREHENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN METHODS AND TOOLS USED IN THE DESIGN, SURVEY, PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA, IN ORDER TO ENABLE A METRICALLY CORRECT DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING SKILLS THE STUDENT WILL ACQUIRE A COMPREHENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE FIELD OF TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION, AS WELL AS THE SPECIFICS OF THE VARIOUS TECHNIQUES USED TO SURVEY AND METRICALLY REPRESENT THE LAND AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO TRANSLATE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS INTO APPLIED PRACTICES, CRITICALLY EXAMINE VARIOUS SURVEYING METHODOLOGIES, PROCESS TOPOGRAPHIC DATA FOR THE CREATION OF MAPS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS, AND SOLVE PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE CORRECT REPRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC DATA. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO PERFORM A TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY INDEPENDENTLY, USING THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED IN THE COURSE. IN ADDITION, HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO STATISTICALLY PROCESS THE DATA ACQUIRED DURING THE SURVEY AND REPRESENT THEM IN CARTOGRAPHY. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE THE MOST APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES, METHODS AND TOOLS FOR SURVEYING, DATA ANALYSIS AND CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION, ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIC CONTEXT IN WHICH HE/SHE WORKS. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS AND HAVE MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SETTINGS, DEMONSTRATING AN ABILITY TO CRITICALLY EVALUATE AND ADAPT TO DIFFERENT SITUATIONS. COMMUNICATION SKILLS THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND AND USE TERMINOLOGY AND METHODS SPECIFIC TO SURVEYING, AS WELL AS BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE CLEARLY AND EFFECTIVELY USING APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO EXPRESS COMPLEX CONCEPTS RELATED TO GEOMATICS AND PRESENT HIS/HER OWN RESEARCH RESULTS OR ELABORATIONS THROUGH WRITTEN TEXTS OR VIRTUAL TOOLS, DEMONSTRATING COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN BOTH VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND PRODUCTION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS. LEARNING SKILLS THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY USE TRADITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC TOOLS AND COMPUTER RESOURCES FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVING. HE OR SHE WILL BE ABLE TO KEEP HIS OR HER KNOWLEDGE UP-TO-DATE USING TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, DEMONSTRATING AN ABILITY TO ADAPT AND CONTINUALLY LEARN IN THE FIELD OF TOPOGRAPHY.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE
TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH A COMPREHENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN METHODS AND TOOLS USED IN THE DESIGN, SURVEY, PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL DATA, IN ORDER TO ENABLE A METRICALLY CORRECT DESCRIPTION OF THE LAND AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING SKILLS
THE STUDENT WILL ACQUIRE A COMPREHENSIVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TERMINOLOGY USED IN THE FIELD OF TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING AND CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION, AS WELL AS THE SPECIFICS OF THE VARIOUS TECHNIQUES USED TO SURVEY AND METRICALLY REPRESENT THE LAND AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO TRANSLATE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS INTO APPLIED PRACTICES, CRITICALLY EXAMINE VARIOUS SURVEYING METHODOLOGIES, PROCESS TOPOGRAPHIC DATA FOR THE CREATION OF MAPS AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS, AND SOLVE PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE CORRECT REPRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND CARTOGRAPHIC DATA.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO PERFORM A TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY INDEPENDENTLY, USING THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED IN THE COURSE. IN ADDITION, HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO STATISTICALLY PROCESS THE DATA ACQUIRED DURING THE SURVEY AND REPRESENT THEM IN CARTOGRAPHY.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY AND EVALUATE THE MOST APPROPRIATE TECHNIQUES, METHODS AND TOOLS FOR SURVEYING, DATA ANALYSIS AND CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION, ACCORDING TO THE SPECIFIC CONTEXT IN WHICH HE/SHE WORKS. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS AND HAVE MANAGEMENT SKILLS IN BOTH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SETTINGS, DEMONSTRATING AN ABILITY TO CRITICALLY EVALUATE AND ADAPT TO DIFFERENT SITUATIONS.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND AND USE TERMINOLOGY AND METHODS SPECIFIC TO SURVEYING, AS WELL AS BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE CLEARLY AND EFFECTIVELY USING APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. HE/SHE WILL BE ABLE TO EXPRESS COMPLEX CONCEPTS RELATED TO GEOMATICS AND PRESENT HIS/HER OWN RESEARCH RESULTS OR ELABORATIONS THROUGH WRITTEN TEXTS OR VIRTUAL TOOLS, DEMONSTRATING COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN BOTH VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND PRODUCTION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS.
LEARNING SKILLS
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO EFFECTIVELY USE TRADITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC TOOLS AND COMPUTER RESOURCES FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVING. HE OR SHE WILL BE ABLE TO KEEP HIS OR HER KNOWLEDGE UP-TO-DATE USING TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, DEMONSTRATING AN ABILITY TO ADAPT AND CONTINUALLY LEARN IN THE FIELD OF TOPOGRAPHY.

	Prerequisites
	THE STUDENT TAKING THIS COURSE MUST HAVE BASIC NOTIONS OF MATHEMATICS, GEOMETRY AND ALGEBRA, AND PHYSICS. TYPICALLY, THESE NOTIONS ARE LARGELY ACQUIRED IN HIGH SCHOOL OR IN THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE FIRST YEAR OF THE BACHELOR'S DEGREE PROGRAM; SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS WILL BE PROVIDED FOR SUPPORT IF CRITICAL.

	Contents
	INTRODUCTION: PRINCIPLES OF SURVEY - DEFINITIONS - MEASUREMENT AND THEIR UNITS - PRECISION AND ACCURACY IN SURVEYING. GEODESY: SHAPE OF THE EARTH - PROBLEM OF SURVEYING - GEOCENTRIC COORDINATE SYSTEM - GRAVITATIONAL FIELD - GEOID - HEIGHT SYSTEMS AND HEIGHT DIFFERENCES – ASTRONOMICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM – EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES - REFERENCE ELLIPSOID - ELLIPSOID COORDINATES - GEOID UNDULATIONS - GEODETIC SYSTEMS (DATUM) - CLASSICAL OBSERVABLES: AZIMUTH AND ZENITH ANGLES, DISTANCES, HEIGHT DIFFERENCES - GEOMETRY OF THE ELLIPSOID - ELLIPSOID SECTIONS: NORMAL, PRINCIPAL - RADII OF CURVATURE - TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOCENTRIC SYSTEMS AND VICE VERSA - LOCAL GEODETIC SYSTEM - GEODETIC LINES - THEOREMS OF OPERATIONAL GEODESY - PUISEUX WEINGARTEN DEVELOPMENTS - APPROXIMATE REFERENCE SURFACES: TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC FIELD. NATIONAL GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE, DECREE NOVEMBER 10, 2011: ADOPTION OF THE NATIONAL GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM. THEORY OF ERRORS AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF OBSERVATIONS: MEASUREMENT ERRORS: GROSS, SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOM - PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS - NORMAL (GAUSSIAN) DISTRIBUTION - ESTIMATION OF CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF A DISTRIBUTION - CONFIDENCE INTERVALS - STANDARDIZED VARIABLE - TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES - COVARIANCE AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - PROPAGATION OF VARIANCE-COVARIANCE - APPLICATIONS TO SURVEYING PROBLEMS - LEAST SQUARES METHOD – ADJUSTMENT BY THE METHOD OF INDIRECT OBSERVATIONS. CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS: PROBLEM OF MAP PROJECTION - DEFORMATION MODULES - CLASSIFICATION OF MAPS - CONFORMAL PROJECTIONS - CONFORMAL GAUSS MAP AND ITS GEODETIC USE - CONTRACTED COORDINATES AND MODULES EXPRESSIONS – THE ITALIAN OFFICIAL CARTOGRAPHY - COORDINATE MEASUREMENT ON THE IGM MAPS OF ITALY – UTM AND UPS CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM - CADASTRAL CARTOGRAPHY. SURVEYING: NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORKS: PLANIMETRIC, LEVELING, IGM5 NETWORKS - REFERENCE, THICKENING AND LOCAL NETWORKS - PLANIMETRIC SURVEY REDUCTION OF DISTANCES TO THE REFERENCE SURFACE - ELEMENTARY SURVEY SCHEMES: INTERSECTIONS (FORWARD, LATERAL, BACKWARD), POLAR TRANSPORT (IRRADIATION), POLYGONALS CONSTRAINED TO EXTREMES AND CLOSED POLYGONALS - TOLERANCES, EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENT OF ANGULAR AND LINEAR CLOSURES - DETAIL SURVEY - VERTICAL SURVEY: ORTHOMETRIC AND NORMAL HEIGHTS, REFERENCE SURFACES - TRIGONOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC LEVELING: SCHEME, INSTRUMENTATION, ACCURACY - PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF GNSS SURVEYING, SESSIONS AND INDEPENDENT BASELINES - BASELINES COMPUTATION - TRANSFORMATION IN THE NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM - DESIGN, PLANNING, MATERIALIZATION, SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT OF PLANIMETRIC, LEVELING AND GNSS NETWORKS. TOPOGRAPHIC AND OPERATIONAL METHODS: MEASURE OF ANGLES – THEODOLITES - MAIN COMPONENTS: TELESCOPE, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CIRCLES, CIRCLE READING AND OPTICAL MICROMETER, OPTICAL PLUMB - SETTING UP - READING METHOD OF AZIMUTH ANGLES - BESSEL’S METHOD - ZENITH ANGLES - ELECTRONIC THEODOLITES - MEASURE OF DISTANCES - GEODIMETERS: OPERATING PRINCIPLE, FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION, ACCURACY OF A GEODIMETER - TOTAL STATIONS – LEVELING – LEVELS - TYPES OF LEVELS - MAIN COMPONENTS: TELESCOPE, LEVEL PLUMBS, LEVELING SCREWS - BESSEL’S METHOD - INVAR STADIA. GNSS. BASIC CONCEPTS - GNSS CONSTELLATION (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS, COMPASS-BEIDOU) AND CONTROL SEGMENT; GPS SIGNAL STRUCTURE; GPS BIASES AND ERRORS; GPS RECEIVERS; WGS84; PSEUDO-RANGE AND CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENTS - BASELINE PROCESSING: SINGLE, DOUBLE AND TRIPLE PHASE DIFFERENCES - LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF OBSERVABLES - CYCLE SLIPS - AMBIGUITIES.

Contents

INTRODUCTION:
PRINCIPLES OF SURVEY - DEFINITIONS - MEASUREMENT AND THEIR UNITS - PRECISION AND ACCURACY IN SURVEYING.
GEODESY:
SHAPE OF THE EARTH - PROBLEM OF SURVEYING - GEOCENTRIC COORDINATE SYSTEM - GRAVITATIONAL FIELD - GEOID - HEIGHT SYSTEMS AND HEIGHT DIFFERENCES – ASTRONOMICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM – EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES - REFERENCE ELLIPSOID - ELLIPSOID COORDINATES - GEOID UNDULATIONS - GEODETIC SYSTEMS (DATUM) - CLASSICAL OBSERVABLES: AZIMUTH AND ZENITH ANGLES, DISTANCES, HEIGHT DIFFERENCES - GEOMETRY OF THE ELLIPSOID - ELLIPSOID SECTIONS: NORMAL, PRINCIPAL - RADII OF CURVATURE - TRANSFORMATION BETWEEN GEOGRAPHIC AND GEOCENTRIC SYSTEMS AND VICE VERSA - LOCAL GEODETIC SYSTEM - GEODETIC LINES - THEOREMS OF OPERATIONAL GEODESY - PUISEUX WEINGARTEN DEVELOPMENTS - APPROXIMATE REFERENCE SURFACES: TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEODETIC FIELD. NATIONAL GEODETIC INFRASTRUCTURE, DECREE NOVEMBER 10, 2011: ADOPTION OF THE NATIONAL GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM.
THEORY OF ERRORS AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF OBSERVATIONS:
MEASUREMENT ERRORS: GROSS, SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOM - PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS - NORMAL (GAUSSIAN) DISTRIBUTION - ESTIMATION OF CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS OF A DISTRIBUTION - CONFIDENCE INTERVALS - STANDARDIZED VARIABLE - TWO-DIMENSIONAL CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES - COVARIANCE AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - PROPAGATION OF VARIANCE-COVARIANCE - APPLICATIONS TO SURVEYING PROBLEMS - LEAST SQUARES METHOD – ADJUSTMENT BY THE METHOD OF INDIRECT OBSERVATIONS.
CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS:
PROBLEM OF MAP PROJECTION - DEFORMATION MODULES - CLASSIFICATION OF MAPS - CONFORMAL PROJECTIONS - CONFORMAL GAUSS MAP AND ITS GEODETIC USE - CONTRACTED COORDINATES AND MODULES EXPRESSIONS – THE ITALIAN OFFICIAL CARTOGRAPHY - COORDINATE MEASUREMENT ON THE IGM MAPS OF ITALY – UTM AND UPS CARTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM - CADASTRAL CARTOGRAPHY.
SURVEYING:
NATIONAL GEODETIC NETWORKS: PLANIMETRIC, LEVELING, IGM5 NETWORKS - REFERENCE, THICKENING AND LOCAL NETWORKS - PLANIMETRIC SURVEY REDUCTION OF DISTANCES TO THE REFERENCE SURFACE - ELEMENTARY SURVEY SCHEMES: INTERSECTIONS (FORWARD, LATERAL, BACKWARD), POLAR TRANSPORT (IRRADIATION), POLYGONALS CONSTRAINED TO EXTREMES AND CLOSED POLYGONALS - TOLERANCES, EMPIRICAL ADJUSTMENT OF ANGULAR AND LINEAR CLOSURES - DETAIL SURVEY - VERTICAL SURVEY: ORTHOMETRIC AND NORMAL HEIGHTS, REFERENCE SURFACES - TRIGONOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC LEVELING: SCHEME, INSTRUMENTATION, ACCURACY - PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF GNSS SURVEYING, SESSIONS AND INDEPENDENT BASELINES - BASELINES COMPUTATION - TRANSFORMATION IN THE NATIONAL REFERENCE SYSTEM - DESIGN, PLANNING, MATERIALIZATION, SURVEYING AND ADJUSTMENT OF PLANIMETRIC, LEVELING AND GNSS NETWORKS.
TOPOGRAPHIC AND OPERATIONAL METHODS:
MEASURE OF ANGLES – THEODOLITES - MAIN COMPONENTS: TELESCOPE, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CIRCLES, CIRCLE READING AND OPTICAL MICROMETER, OPTICAL PLUMB - SETTING UP - READING METHOD OF AZIMUTH ANGLES - BESSEL’S METHOD - ZENITH ANGLES - ELECTRONIC THEODOLITES - MEASURE OF DISTANCES - GEODIMETERS: OPERATING PRINCIPLE, FUNDAMENTAL EQUATION, ACCURACY OF A GEODIMETER - TOTAL STATIONS – LEVELING – LEVELS - TYPES OF LEVELS - MAIN COMPONENTS: TELESCOPE, LEVEL PLUMBS, LEVELING SCREWS - BESSEL’S METHOD - INVAR STADIA. GNSS. BASIC CONCEPTS - GNSS CONSTELLATION (GPS, GALILEO, GLONASS, COMPASS-BEIDOU) AND CONTROL SEGMENT; GPS SIGNAL STRUCTURE; GPS BIASES AND ERRORS; GPS RECEIVERS; WGS84; PSEUDO-RANGE AND CARRIER PHASE MEASUREMENTS - BASELINE PROCESSING: SINGLE, DOUBLE AND TRIPLE PHASE DIFFERENCES - LINEAR COMBINATIONS OF OBSERVABLES - CYCLE SLIPS - AMBIGUITIES.

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE IS ORGANIZED WITH THEORETICAL LECTURES AND IN-CLASS AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES DESIGNED BOTH TO ACQUAINT THE STUDENT WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF CLASSICAL SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS AND SOME CLASSICAL PROFESSIONAL APPLICATIONS, AND TO DEVELOP IN THE STUDENT THE ABILITY TO ADAPT SURVEYING SCHEMES TO REAL OPERATING CONDITIONS.

	Verification of learning
	THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SET OBJECTIVES IS MADE WITH A FINAL EXAM, WHICH COVERS THE THEORETICAL TOPICS OF THE LECTURES AND CONSISTS OF A WRITTEN TEST AND AN ORAL INTERVIEW. THE EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE RESULTS ACHIEVED, IS UNIQUE, AND IS EXPRESSED IN THIRTIETHS. FOR THE PURPOSE OF AWARDING HONORS, THE FOLLOWING WILL BE CONSIDERED: - THE QUALITY OF THE EXPOSITION, IN TERMS OF THE USE OF APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. - THE ABILITY TO CROSS-CORRELATE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT TOPICS OF THE COURSE AND, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES. - THE AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT DEMONSTRATED.

Verification of learning

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE SET OBJECTIVES IS MADE WITH A FINAL EXAM, WHICH COVERS THE THEORETICAL TOPICS OF THE LECTURES AND CONSISTS OF A WRITTEN TEST AND AN ORAL INTERVIEW. THE EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE RESULTS ACHIEVED, IS UNIQUE, AND IS EXPRESSED IN THIRTIETHS.
FOR THE PURPOSE OF AWARDING HONORS, THE FOLLOWING WILL BE CONSIDERED:
- THE QUALITY OF THE EXPOSITION, IN TERMS OF THE USE OF APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL LANGUAGE.
- THE ABILITY TO CROSS-CORRELATE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT TOPICS OF THE COURSE AND, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES.
- THE AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT DEMONSTRATED.

	Texts
	LECTURERS' NOTES USABLE FREE OF CHARGE IN UNIVERSITY WEBSITES FOR REFERENCE: G. INGHILLERI, L. SOLAINI. TOPOGRAFIA. LEVROTTO & BELLA, 1997. G. FOLLONI. PRINCIPI DI TOPOGRAFIA – PATRON, 1982 G. BEZOARI, C. MONTI, A. SELVINI. TOPOGRAFIA GENERALE. UTET, MILANO, 2002 B. HOFMANN-WELLENHOF, H. LICHTENEGGER, J. COLLINS. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM: THEORY AND PRACTICE. SPRINGER-VERLAG, 1997.

	More Information
	PRACTICAL LABORATORY EXERCISES FOCUSING ON THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF CLASSICAL TOPOGRAPHIC INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION ARE PLANNED FOR THE PURPOSE OF UNDERSTANDING SOME PARTS OF THE COURSE IN PARTICULAR, THE INSTRUMENTS THAT WILL BE CONSIDERED ARE THE CLASSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF MODERN TOPOGRAPHY - THEODOLITE - TOTAL STATION - ANALOG AND DIGITAL AUTOLEVEL - GNSS

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Margherita FIANI | GEOMATICS

GEOMATICS

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

TEACHING UNITS

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Margherita FIANI | GEOMATICS