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PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY DRUGS AND PRODUCTS

Carlo CRESCENZI PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY DRUGS AND PRODUCTS

0712300011
DIPARTIMENTO DI FARMACIA
EQF6
PHARMACEUTICALS AND NUTRACEUTICALS FOR ANIMALS
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
AUTUMN SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
1CHIMICA ANALITICA MODULO DI ANALISI CHIMICO- FARMACEUTICA DEI MEDICINALI E PRODOTTI VETERINARI
648LESSONS
2ANALISI DEI PRODOTTI FARMACEUTICI VETERINARI MODULO DI ANALISI CHIMICO- FARMACEUTICA DEI MEDICINALI E PRODOTTI VETERINARI
648LESSONS
CARLO CRESCENZI1 T Curriculum
CIRO MILITE2 Curriculum
Objectives
THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ABOUT THE METHODS, TOOLS AND STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING INFORMATION ON THE COMPOSITION AND NATURE OF SUBSTANCE IN SPACE AND TIME.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL KNOW:
- THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, ERROR THEORY AND STATISTICS USEFUL FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA
- THE USE OF SPREADSHEETS FOR DATA COLLECTION AND EVALUATION, STATISTICAL TESTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGRESSION AND CALIBRATION MODELS.
- CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM AND CLASSICAL ANALYTICAL METHODS
- THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE MAIN ANALYTICAL-INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES,
SEPARATIVE AND PHASES PARTITION.
BY APPLYING THE SKILLS ACQUIRED, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
- MANAGE THE VARIOUS PHASES OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO DATA STATISTICAL EVALUATION AND THEIR RELIABILITY;
- MASTER THE STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATION NECESSARY FOR THE USE OF
GRAVIMETRIC AND VOLUMETRIC METHODS;
- PLAN AND DESCRIBE THE USE OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES, EXTRACTION, SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION, SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS;
- CORRECTLY READ A CHROMATOGRAM FOR A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND SEPARATION EFFICIENCY
Prerequisites
IN ORDER TO TAKE THE EXAM THE STUDENT MUST HAVE PASSED THE EXAMINTATION OF GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS. HOWEVER, ACQUISITION OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY OBJECTIVES IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED TOO.

Contents
THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO 2 MODULES, CALLED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE AND ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS MODULE.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE (48 ORE - 6 ECTS): BASIC CONCEPTS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
FIGURE OF MERITS AND RELIABILITY: SENSITIVITY, SELECTIVITY, DYNAMIC RANGE, ROBUSTNESS, ACCURACY, PRECISION, TRUENESS. RECOVERY AND DILUTION TESTS.
STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA.
ERRORS; UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS; TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE, T-TEST, F TEST, DIXON TEST (OR Q-TEST); CALIBRATION METHODS: EXTERNAL STANDARDS, INTERNAL STANDARDS, STANDARD ADDITION; VARIABLE CORRELATION AND REGRESSION; INTRODUCTION TO MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS.
CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIA IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
ACTIVITY AND CONCENTRATION, IONIC STRENGTH. EQUILIBRIA IN SOLUTION.
ACID-BASE TITRATIONS; COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS; PRECIPITATION TITRATIONS; REDOX TITRATIONS.
GRAVIMETRIC TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS.
BASIC CONCEPTS ON INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
THE ANALYTICAL SIGNAL, QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS.
SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES:
DEFINITION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. INTERACTION BETWEEN ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATIONS AND MATTER: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION, ENERGY LEVELS AND TRANSITIONS. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS: ABSORPTION AND EMISSION SPECTRA; LAMBERT-BEER'S LAW.
UV-VIS AND IR SPECTROSCOPY. ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY. REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY.
SEPARATIONS TECHNIQUES:
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION. SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION.
CHROMATOGRAPHY
THE PRINCIPLES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. HYPHENATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY.
SHORT INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS. POTENTIOMETRY. VOLTAMMETRY. CONDUCTIMETRY.


MODULE OF ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO A THEORETICAL PART (32 HOURS, 4 ECTS) AND A PRACTICAL PART (16 HOURS, 2 ECTS).

THE THEORETICAL COURSE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING TOPICS:

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (16 HOURS, 2 ECTS)

INORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS:
PRELIMINARY TESTS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS (2 HOURS - 0.25 ECTS)
SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF CATIONS AND ANIONS (6 HOURS - 0.75 ECTS)
ORGANIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS:
PRELIMINARY TESTS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (2 HOURS - 0.25 ECTS)
RECOGNITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS (6 HOURS - 0.75 ECTS)
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (16 HOURS, 2 ECTS)

PRINCIPLES OF ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: (2 HOURS - 0.25 ECTS)
PRINCIPLES OF PRECIPITATION TITRATIONS: ARGENTOMETRY. MOHR, FAJANS, AND VOLHARD METHODS (4 HOURS - 0.50 ECTS)
PRINCIPLES OF REDOX TITRATIONS: PERMANGANATE AND IODINE (6 HOURS - 0.75 ECTS)
PRINCIPLES OF COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATIONS. TITRATION WITH EDTA. (4 HOURS - 0.50 ECTS)
THE PRACTICAL PART COVERS THE FOLLOWING TOPICS:

ANALYSIS OF ANIONS AND CATIONS (4 HOURS - 0.50 ECTS)
RECOGNITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS (4 HOURS - 0.50 ECTS)
STANDARDIZATION OF A ROUGHLY TITRATED NAOH SOLUTION (4 HOURS - 0.50 ECTS)
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF AN ASCORBIC ACID SOLUTION USING IODINE AS THE TITRATING AGENT (4 HOURS - 0.50 ECTS)
Teaching Methods
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE:
THE COURSE CONSISTS OF LECTURES AND GROUP/INDIVIDUAL NUMERICAL EXERCISES USING CALCULATORS AND SPREADSHEETS (ON COMPUTERS AND MOBILE DEVICES) FOR A TOTAL OF 40 HOURS.
THE PURPOSE OF THE NUMERICAL EXERCISES IS TO VERIFY THE CANDIDATE'S ACTUAL MASTERY OF KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY TO APPLY IT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYTICAL PROBLEMS.
THE EXERCISES WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE CLASSROOM AND/OR INDIVIDUALLY DURING OFFICE HOURS. THE EXERCISES COLLECTED WILL BE USED IN THE EXAMINATION EVALUATION.

MODULE OF ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
THE COURSE CONSISTS OF 48 HOURS OF LESSONS (6 CREDITS) DIVIDED INTO FRONTAL LESSONS LASTING A TOTAL OF 32 HOURS, WHICH INCLUDE 12 HOURS OF EXERCISES AND 16 HOURS OF LABORATORY (3 CFU).
THE COURSE WILL INCLUDE LECTURES AND IN-CLASS DISCUSSIONS WITH THE HELP OF PROJECTIONS AND TEXTS DEDICATED TO THE DEEPENING OF THE TOPICS. THE LECTURES WILL ALLOW THE STUDENT TO ACQUIRE THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE AND BASIS FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF VETERINARY PRODUCTS AND COMPLEMENTARY AND MEDICATED FEEDINGSTUFFS.
ON A WEEKLY BASIS, LESSONS WILL BE HELD FOCUSING ON THE RESOLUTION OF CALCULATION EXERCISES CONCERNING THE TOPICS COVERED IN CLASS.
ATTENDANCE OF CLASSES BOTH IN THE CLASSROOM AND IN THE LABORATORY IS MANDATORY.
IN ORDER TO TAKE THE FINAL EXAMINATION, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED:
- AT LEAST 70% OF THE HOURS OF FRONTAL TEACHING;
- AT LEAST 80% OF THE HOURS PLANNED FOR LABORATORY EXERCISES.
THE METHOD OF CHECKING ATTENDANCE IS GENERALLY ELECTRONIC OR MADE KNOWN BY THE TEACHER AT THE BEGINNING OF LESSONS.
Verification of learning
MODULE OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: THE ACTUAL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES BY THE STUDENT WILL BE EVALUATED THROUGH TWO ASSESSMENTS, ONE WRITTEN AND ONE ORAL. BOTH ASSESSMENTS (OF THE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MODULE) MUST BE PASSED IN THE SAME SESSION. IN THE WRITTEN EXAM, STUDENTS WILL BE ASKED TO SOLVE AT LEAST 5 OUT OF 8 EXERCISES WITHIN 90 MINUTES. THE RESOLUTION OF THESE EXERCISES AIMS TO VERIFY THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO APPLY AND PROPERLY HANDLE STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS IN DILUTIONS, PH CALCULATION, BUFFER SOLUTIONS, VOLUMETRIC TITRATIONS, SOLUBILITY EQUILIBRIA, AND SOME EXAMPLES OF ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THESE PRINCIPLES. PASSING THE WRITTEN EXAMINATION IS MANDATORY TO PROCEED TO THE ORAL EXAM. THE ORAL EXAM, LASTING APPROXIMATELY 20 MINUTES, WILL ASSESS THE STUDENT'S THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS, EVALUATION AND STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA, CALIBRATION METHODS, INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS PRINCIPLES, SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC TECHNIQUES, EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES, AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION. THE SCORE OF THE ORAL EXAM DEPENDS ON THE DEPTH OF THE WORK AND THE STUDENT'S ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY PRESENT THE CONTENTS AND CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE ILLUSTRATED TOPICS. THE RESULTS ACHIEVED IN PRACTICAL EXERCISES CAN BE CONSIDERED FOR AN EXEMPTION FROM THE WRITTEN EXAM. THE EXEMPTION APPLIES ONLY TO THE NEXT EXAM SESSION FOLLOWING THE COMPLETION OF THE COURSE.

MODULE OF ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE COURSE OBJECTIVES IS CERTIFIED THROUGH THE PASSING OF AN EXAM GRADED ON A SCALE OF THIRTY. THE EXAM IS DIVIDED INTO TWO PROGRESSIVE AND SCHEDULED PHASES. PASSING THE PREVIOUS PHASE IS A PREREQUISITE FOR ACCESSING THE SUBSEQUENT PHASE.

- **FIRST PHASE:** THE FIRST TEST CONSISTS OF SOLVING FIVE EXERCISES. TO PASS THE TEST, AT LEAST THREE EXERCISES MUST BE CORRECTLY SOLVED. THE WRITTEN TEST LASTS 1.5 HOURS.

- **SECOND PHASE:** THE SECOND PHASE INVOLVES PASSING AN ORAL EXAM, WHICH INCLUDES A DISCUSSION OF APPROXIMATELY 20 MINUTES. THIS DISCUSSION AIMS TO VERIFY THE STUDENT'S LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONTENTS INDICATED IN THE PROGRAM. IT ALSO ASSESSES COMMUNICATION SKILLS, LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY, AND THE ORGANIZATION OF THE PRESENTATION ON THEORETICAL TOPICS.

THE FINAL GRADE (MINIMUM 18, MAXIMUM 30 WITH POSSIBLE HONORS) IS THE AVERAGE OF THE SCORES OBTAINED IN EACH TEST.
Texts
REFERENCE BOOKS

MODULE OF ANALYTICA CHEMISTRY:
HARRIS DANIEL C. CHIMICA ANALITICA QUANTITATIVA, ZANICHELLI.
SKOOG D. A, WEST D. M. & HOLLER F. J., FONDAMENTI DI CHIMICA ANALITICA, EDISES.
DAVID HARVEY, ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2.1 , HTTPS://CHEM.LIBRETEXTS.ORG/BOOKSHELVES/ANALYTICAL_CHEMISTRY

MODULE OF ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

[T1] CARTA, M. G. MAMOLO, F. NOVELLI, S. PIRAS: ANALISI FARMACEUTICA QUALITATIVA, ANALISI QUALITATIVA ORGANICA ED INORGANICA NON STRUMENTALE. EDISES
[T2] F. SAVELLI, O. BRUNO ANALISI CHIMICO FARMACEUTICA. PICCIN
[T3] D. C. HARRIS CHIMICA ANALITICA QUANTITATIVA. ZANICHELLI
CONSULTING BOOKS
[T4] G. CALIENDO: MANUALE DI ANALISI QUALITATIVA. EDISES

NOTES FROM LECTURES. DIDACTICAL MATERIAL, SLIDES, DISTRIBUTED DURING LESSONS
More Information
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:
CARLO.CRESCENZI@UNISA.IT
CMILITE@UNISA.IT
Lessons Timetable

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