INTEGRATED SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION

Lilla' LIONETTI INTEGRATED SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION

0522100037
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY "ADOLFO ZAMBELLI"
EQF7
BIOLOGY
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
AUTUMN SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
1FISIOLOGIA DEI SISTEMI INTEGRATI E DELLA NUTRIZIONE (MODULO 1)
432LESSONS
2FISIOLOGIA DEI SISTEMI INTEGRATI E DELLA NUTRIZIONE (MODULO 2)
324LESSONS
112LAB
Objectives
THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HUMAN BODY AT THE LEVEL OF INTEGRATION OF ORGANS AND SYSTEMS AND OF THE INTEGRATED MECHANISMS OF HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL BOTH IN PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND IN CONDITIONS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS. A FURTHER OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION AND THE WAYS IN WHICH THE HUMAN ORGANISM RESPONDS IN AN INTEGRATED MANNER TO DIFFERENT NUTRITIONAL CONDITIONS THROUGH THE REGULATION OF ENERGY BALANCE AND CELLULAR AND TISSUE METABOLISM.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING RELATING TO THE INTEGRATION OF THE DIFFERENT ORGANS AND SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM IN CONTRIBUTING TO THE MAINTENANCE OF THE HOMEOSTASIS OF SOME VITAL PARAMETERS, SUCH AS THE CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE, THERMOREGULATION, THE CONTROL OF BLOOD SUGAR AND OTHER NUTRIENTS SUCH AS CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS.
THE STUDENT WILL ALSO BE ABLE TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE ROLE AND INTEGRATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, NERVOUS SYSTEM, GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM AND ADIPOSE TISSUE IN THE CONTROL OF THE BODY'S ENERGY BALANCE AND NUTRIENT METABOLISM, AS WELL AS THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH FUNCTIONAL ALTERATIONS UNDERLYING THE PATHOLOGIES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING : THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO USE THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND ISSUES RELATING TO THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DYSFUNCTIONS OF ORGANS AND SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOLOGIES, FOR EXAMPLE CONNECTED TO THE ALTERATION OF ENERGY HOMEOSTASIS AND THEREFORE TO STATE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY. FURTHERMORE, THEY WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ACQUIRED TO EVALUATE THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL AND PREPARE A NUTRITIONAL PLAN SUITABLE FOR PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT: THE COURSE AIMS TO ENABLE THE STUDENT TO ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO INDEPENDENTLY AND CRITICALLY ANALYZE ISSUES IN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL FIELDS, FOCUSING ON THE FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS FOR THE CORRECT FUNCTIONING OF PHYSIOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS AND IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEMS OF MALFUNCTION THAT CAN LEAD TO DYSMETABOLIC PATHOLOGIES.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS: THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO HOLD CONVERSATIONS ON THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED, PRESENTING IT CLEARLY AND WITH APPROPRIATE SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE.
LEARNING ABILITY: THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
-USE TRADITIONAL AND MULTIMEDIA BIBLIOGRAPHIC TOOLS TO DEEPEN ONE'S KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
-FORMULATE AN EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH QUESTION IN THE FIELD OF SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION
-USE IT TOOLS TO DEVELOP NUTRITIONAL PLANS TO MAINTAIN THE CORRECT METABOLIC AND ENERGETIC HOMEOSTASIS OF THE INDIVIDUAL.

Prerequisites
THE COURSE ASSUMES KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED FROM BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY COURSES
Contents
THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO TWO MODULES:
• MODULE 1 (4 CFU LECTURES, 32 H) WILL DEAL WITH TOPICS RELATED TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF INTEGRATED ORGANS AND SYSTEMS, AND THEIR FUNCTION IN HOMEOSTATIC PROCESSES
• MODULE 2 (3 CFU LECTURES, 32 H, AND 1 CFU OF LABORATORY ACTIVITIES, 12 H) WILL DEAL WITH TOPICS RELATED TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION
MODULE 1 CONTENTS (4 CFU LECTURES, 32 H)
INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS: CONCEPT OF HOMEOSTASIS AND REGULATION OF VITAL SYSTEMS: OUTLINE OF THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE MAIN ORGANS AND SYSTEMS. (4H).
TOPIC 1: BLOOD GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS: INTEGRATED CONTROL BETWEEN PANCREAS, LIVER AND SKELETAL MUSCLE. (2H)
TOPIC 2: CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS HOMEOSTASIS: HORMONAL CONTROL (2H).
TOPIC 3: INTEGRATION IN BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL: RESPONSES TO CONDITIONS OF HYPOTENSION OR HYPERTENSION THROUGH COORDINATION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, RENAL SYSTEM AND AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM (2H)
TOPIC 4: INTEGRATION BETWEEN HOMEOSTASIS OF BLOOD PRESSURE, BLOOD VOLUME, PH AND WATER-SALT BALANCE: COORDINATION BETWEEN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND THE RENAL SYSTEM (2H)
TOPIC 5: ENERGY METABOLISM AND THERMOREGULATION (4 H)
• METABOLISM AND ENERGY BALANCE: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
• THERMOREGULATION: MECHANISMS OF LOSS AND GAIN OF HEAT, REFLEX REGULATION OF BODY TEMPERATURE.
TOPIC 6: HOMEOSTASIS AND REGULATION OF BODY WEIGHT. INTEGRATION BETWEEN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, CENTRAL AND ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS, GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM AND ADIPOSE TISSUE. HORMONES INVOLVED IN THE REGULATION OF HUNGER AND SATIETY AND IN THE SHORT AND LONG-TERM CONTROL OF BODY WEIGHT: GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES (PYY, GHRELIN, CHOLECYSTOKININ, GASTRIN), ADIPOKINES (LEPTIN,), THYROID HORMONES. (12H).
TOPIC 7: ROLE OF THE ADIPOSE ORGAN IN BODY WEIGHT REGULATION: WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE AND ADIPOKINES, BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND REGULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL BIOENERGETICS (UNCOUPLING PROTEINS AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE).(4 H)

MODULE 2 CONTENTS (3 CREDITS F, 24 HOURS + 1 CREDIT L, 12 HOURS)
TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION: MACRONUTRIENTS AND MICRONUTRIENTS, WATER, A PARTICULAR NUTRIENT. THE ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND THE NEED FOR NUTRIENT SUPPLY (4 H)
TOPIC 2: NOTES ON THE FUNCTION AND PROCESSES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS. HORMONAL CONTROL OF THE DIFFERENT PHASES OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION. (4H)
TOPIC 3: ENERGY BALANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION (8 H).
• ASSESSMENT OF THE ENERGY BALANCE. THE COMPONENTS OF THE ENERGY BALANCE: ENERGY INTAKE, ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND ENERGY STORAGE (FAT MASS).
• ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY INTAKE
• ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE: TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE, BASAL AND RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE, THERMIC EFFECT OF FOOD, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
• ASSESSMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION AND ENERGY STORES (FAT MASS).
TOPIC 4: GUIDELINES FOR A HEALTHY DIET IN PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS (CHILDREN, ADOLESCENTS, ADULTS, THE ELDERLY, PREGNANCY, BREASTFEEDING). (8 HOURS)
LABORATORY ACTIVITIES (12 HOURS LABORATORY):
BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT METHODS. STANDARDIZATION AND PRACTICAL EXERCISES OF ANTHROPOMETRIC METHODS: WEIGHT, HEIGHT, BODY MASS INDEX, CIRCUMFERENCES, SKIN FOLDS. DETERMINATION OF BODY FAT MASS THROUGH THE BODY MASS INDEX AND PREDICTIVE EQUATIONS USING CIRCUMFERENCES AND SKIN FOLDS. CALCULATION OF ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND CALORIC RATION IN DIFFERENT PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Teaching Methods
TTHE COURSE CONSISTS OF TWO MODULES. THE FIRST MODULE INCLUDES 32 HOURS (4 CREDITS) IN THE FORM OF FRONTAL LESSONS THAT TAKE PLACE WITH THE AID OF PROJECTIONS. THE SECOND MODULE INCLUDES 24 HOURS (3 CREDITS) OF LECTURES AND 12 HOURS (1 CREDIT) OF LABORATORY ACTIVITIES.
THE FRONTAL LESSONS OF THE FIRST MODULE WILL ALLOW THE STUDENT TO ACQUIRE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE TO UNDERSTAND THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HUMAN BODY AT THE LEVEL OF INTEGRATION OF ORGANS AND SYSTEMS THAT GUARANTEE THE MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS AND CONTROL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH RESPECT TO VARIATIONS IN THE INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT .
THE FRONTAL LESSONS OF THE SECOND MODULE WILL ALLOW THE STUDENT TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRITION, THE NEEDS IN TERMS OF ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS AND THE REGULATION OF BODY WEIGHT.
THE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES OF THE SECOND MODULE WILL ALLOW THE STUDENT TO ACQUIRE THE PRACTICAL SKILLS AND COMPETENCES TO EVALUATE THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BODY COMPOSITION TO EVALUATE THE DEGREE OF OBESITY AND THE RISK OF METABOLIC DISORDERS.
COURSE ATTENDANCE IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED.
Verification of learning
THE EXAM CONSISTS OF AN ORAL TEST THAT WILL TAKE PLACE AT THE END OF THE COURSE IN THE EXAM SESSIONS SCHEDULED IN THE TEACHING CALENDAR. THE ORAL EXAM LASTING ABOUT 30 MINUTES INCLUDES ORAL PRESENTATION RELATED TO THE TOPICS OF THE COURSE OF BOTH MODULE 1 AND MODULE 2.
THE ORAL EXAM IS ORGANIZED IN THREE PARTS. THE FIRST PART CONCERNS THE VERIFICATION OF THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO THE FUNCTIONING OF INTEGRATED SYSTEMS WHICH, THROUGH THE CONTROL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, ALLOW THE MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS (MODULE 1). THE SECOND PART CONCERNS THE VERIFICATION OF THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE RELATING TO THE CONCEPTS OF NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY AND NEEDS IN TERMS OF ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS (MODULE 2) AND BODY WEIGHT REGULATION (MODULE 1). THE THIRD PART CONCERNS THE VERIFICATION OF THE ACQUISITION OF PRACTICAL SKILLS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND BODY COMPOSITION. (MODULE 2)
THE TEST IS ALSO AIMED AT VERIFYING THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND TO EXPLAIN THEM WITH ADEQUATE LANGUAGE SKILLS.
THE MINIMUM VOTE (18/30) IS ATTRIBUTED TO STUDENTS WHO SHOW A SUPERFICIAL KNOWLEDGE, A LIMITED UNDERSTANDING OF THE THEORETICAL CONTENTS AND A SUFFICIENT PRESENTATION ABILITY. THE MAXIMUM MARK (30/30) IS ATTRIBUTED TO STUDENTS WHO DEMONSTRATE THAT THEY HAVE DEEPENED THEIR UNDERSTANDING AND THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND WHO DEMONSTRATE AN EXCELLENT LOGICAL-DEDUCTIVE ABILITY IN THE AUTONOMOUS EVALUATION OF SIMPLE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOLOGIES ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERATIONS OF HOMEOSTASIS. EXCELLENCE REQUIRES HAVING DEMONSTRATED THE ABILITY TO CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE TOPICS WITH EXCELLENT EXPOSITORY MASTERY, AUTONOMOUSLY MAKING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE VARIOUS TOPICS COVERED IN THE COURSE WHICH CONTRIBUTE OVERALL TO THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY OF THE REGULATION AND HOMEOSTATIC CONTROLS RELATING TO SYSTEMS PHYSIOLOGY AND NUTRITION.
Texts
MAIN BOOKS
•VANNI TAGLIETTI: FONDAMENTI DI FISIOLOGIA GENERALE ED INTEGRATA. EDISES A CURA DI VANNI TAGLIETTI ( FISIOLOGIA DEI SISTEMI: ONLY CHAPTERS RELATING TO THE PROGRAMME MODULE I)
•RIVELLESE-ANNUZZI-CAPALDO-VACCARO-RICCARDI. NUTRIZIONE UMANA- IDELSON GNOCCHI (ONLY CHAPTERS RELATING TO THE PROGRAMME MODULE II)
• SLIDES OF THE LESSONS AVAILABLE AT THE LINK: HTTPS://DOCENTI.UNISA.IT/023816/RISORSE

IN-DEPTH CONSULTATIONS BOOKS
•LARN: LIVELLI DI ASSUZIONE DI RIFERIMENTO DI NUTRIENTI ED ENERGIA PER LA POPOLAZIONE ITALIANA, -SINU (SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI NUTRIZIONE UMANA)
•BEDOGNI E CECCHETTO, MANUALE ANDID DI VALUTAZIONE DELLO STATO NUTRIZIONALE, SOCIETÀ EDITRICE UNIVERSO
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IT IS RECOMMENDED COURSE ATTENDANCE
Teaching language: italian
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