| THE CONCEPT OF DISEASE: THE DISEASE, AS LOSS OF THE HEALTH STATUS AND HOMEOSTATIC UNBALANCE. ETIOLOGY: THE CONCEPT OF "CAUSE" IN PATHOLOGY. PATHOGENESIS: KEY PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS.
GENERAL ETIOLOGY: CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF DISEASE.THE COMPONENTS AND PHASES OF BLOOD CLOTTING (HAEMOSTASIS); THE ROLE OF THE ENDOTHELIUM; THE PRO-COAGULANT ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; THE ANTI-COAGULANT ACTIVITY OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; THE ROLE OF PLATELETS; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF PLATELETS; MEDIATORS OF PLATELET ACTIVATION; THE ACTIVATION AND AGGREGATION OF PLATELETS; THE PRO-COAGULANT FUNCTION OF PLATELETS; COAGULATION; COAGULATION FACTORS; FIBRIN POLYMERISATION; ACTIVATION OF THE COAGULATION CASCADE; THE REGULATION OF COAGULATION; THE NATURAL ANTI-COAGULANTS; FIBRINOLYSIS; THE MAIN LABORATORY TEST FOR HAEMOSTASIS; AGING
PATHOLOGY GENOMICS: THE GENOME AS A CAUSE OF DISEASE, THE “MOLECULAR LOGIC” OF LIVING ORGANISMS, CONGENITAL AND HEREDITARY GENOMIC, CHROMOSOMAL AND GENE MUTATIONS; CAUSES, TAXONOMY, PATHOGENIC MECHANISMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF MUTATIONS. DISEASES RELATED TO MUTATIONS OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA. GENOME INSTABILITY.
GENERAL ONCOLOGY: THE CONCEPT OF NEOPLASIA; PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL PROLIFERATIONS; HISTOGENETIC AND CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF NEOPLASMS, BENIGNITY AND MALIGNANCY; TUMOR ATYPIA, TUMOR MARKERS. NATURAL HISTORY OF CANCER: MULTIPHASIC CARCINOGENESIS, THE CONCEPT OF TUMOR PROGRESSION, ANGIOGENESIS, INFILTRATIVE GROWTH. METASTASIS: DEFINITION AND GENERAL CONCEPTS; PRIMARY AND METASTATIC TUMORS; MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF METASTASIS; METASTASTIC ROUTES; ORGANOTROPISM OF METASTASES. ETIOLOGY OF CANCER: IONIZING AND EXCITING RADIATIONS, DNA AND RNA TUMOR VIRUSES, CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS, PROTO-ONCOGENES AND TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES. REGULATION OF NORMAL AND TRANSFORMED CELL PROLIFERATION: GENES THAT CONTROL CELL CYCLE PROGRESSION AND CELLULAR SENESCENCE. CANCER CACHEXIA. PRECANCEROUS LESIONS.
MEDICAL GENETICS: CELLULAR DIVISION, MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS; DNA REPLICATION AND TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; CONCEPT OF MUTATION, RARE VARIANT AND POLYMORPHISM; PEDIGREE DRAWING; INHERITANCE OF MONOGENIC TRAITS, MENDEL LAWS; AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE, X-LINKED TRANSMISSION; CONCEPTS OF PENETRANCE, EXPRESSION, ANTICIPATION, FITNESS, MOSAICISM, PHENOCOPY, IMPRINTING, DE NOVO MUTATIONS; DYNAMIC MUTATIONS; GENETIC AND ALLELIC HETEROGENEITY; OLIGOGENIC INHERITANCE; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND INHERITANCE; KARYOTYPE AND CHROMOSOMAL CLASSIFICATION; NUMERICAL AND STRUCTURAL CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS; MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE, QUANTITATIVE TRAITS, THRESHOLD EFFECT; MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES, CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CONCEPTS OF PHARMACOGENETICS AND PHARMACOGENOMICS; CONCEPTS OF LINKAGE, LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AND FOUNDER EFFECT; CLASSIFICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF GENETIC TESTING; GENETIC COUNSELING; THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES IN GENETIC DISEASES; MAIN TECHNIQUES OF GENOTYPING, SEQUENCING AND MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS. |
