GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

Francesca RIZZO GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

1012200008
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
EQF6
PHYSIOTHERAPY
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 1
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2013
SPRING SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
1PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD.PATOLOGIA GENERALE
224LESSONS
2PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD. PATOLOGIA CLINICA
112LESSONS
3PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD. GENETICA MEDICA
112LESSONS
4PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD.SCIENZE TECNICHE DIETETICHE APPLICATE
112LESSONS
Objectives
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL DEVELOP KNOWLEDGE OF THE HUMAN GENETIC BASIS, CELL AND ORGAN PATHOLOGY, THE ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF THE MAIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES, AND THE BASIS OF FOOD SCIENCE AND APPLIED DIETETICS. FURTHER, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO USE RATIONALLY THE LABORATORY TEST IN ORDER TO OPTIMIZE THE DIAGNOSTIC-THERAPEUTIC PATHWAYS. STUDENT WILL BE ALSO ABLE TO EVALUATE THE ANALYTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CIRCUMSTANCES THAT CAN LEAD TO A MISINTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS AND TO RELATE THEM TO THE DIFFERENT PHYSIO-PATHOLOGICAL SITUATIONS IN ORDER TO ARRIVE AT A FINAL MEDICAL DECISION.
DUBLIN DESCRIPTORS
ACCORDING TO THE DUBLIN DESCRIPTORS, AT THE END OF THE COURSE AND TO PASS THE EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST DEVELOP:
•A KNOWLEDGE AND A DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISEASE AND OF THE NATURE OF THE ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS THAT CAN ATTACK THE ORGANISM AND THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR PATHOGENIC ACTION. THE STUDENT WILL HAVE TO RECOGNIZE THE TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC CHARACTERS AND APPROPRIATELY INTERPRET THE LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS IN ORDER TO DIFFERENTIATE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS. KNOWING THE STANDARD VALUES OF CLINICAL LABORATORY TEST IN ORDER TO DIFFERENTIATE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
•THE SOFT SKILLS TO PROPERLY APPLY THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE TO THE CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FIELD, IN ORDER TO RECOGNIZE AND DESCRIBE THE MAIN GENETIC, BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES. DISCUSS AND PERFORM CORRELATIONS ON SIMPLE DATA OR HYPOTHESES. EVALUATE THE INDICATIONS AND PRACTICAL USEFULNESS OF THE MAIN GENETIC, HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILES IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS BASED ON SPECIFIC CLINICAL DATA.
•TO HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, BODY COMPOSITION (INCLUDING TECHNIQUES USED IN HEALTH CARE TO DETERMINE IT), PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM, FOOD INTAKE AND EATING BEHAVIOR REGULATION, AND THE ROLE OF NUTRITION FOR PROPER MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY AND/OR RECOVERY AFTER A MUSCULAR INJURY.
•THEORETICAL SKILLS TO INDEPENDENTLY AND CRITICALLY EVALUATE ANY DIFFERENT OPINIONS PRESENT IN CERTAIN TOPICS COVERED IN THE COURSE. RECOGNIZE THE FUNDAMENTAL ROLE OF A CORRECT THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE AND IN THE FUTURE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
•SKILLS TO PRESENT THE ARGUMENTS ORALLY IN AN ORGANIZED WAY AND WITH SEMANTIC APPROPRIATENESS AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TOPIC OF DISCUSSION. AT THE SAME TIME KNOWING HOW TO COMMUNICATE CRITICALLY WITH THEIR PEERS ON THE TOPICS STUDIED AND TO SUPPORT INTERDISCIPLINARY ARGUMENTS.
•AWARENESS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ACQUIRED SKILLS IN THE MEDICAL CAREER IN THE FUTURE.

Prerequisites
THE PRESENT COURSE IS A PREREQUISITE FOR “FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACOLOGY” AND FOR “GENERAL MEDICINE”.
Contents
THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO 4 MODULES, CALLED GENERAL PATHOLOGY, MEDICAL GENETICS, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND APPLIED DIETARY TECHNICAL SCIENCES.

HUMAN MEDICAL GENETICS
¬ CONCEPTS OF REPLICATION AND TRANSCRIPTION OF DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
¬ MUTATIONS, RARE VARIANTS AND POLYMORPHISMS
¬ GENIALOGICAL TREES AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS
¬ TRANSMISSION OF SINGLE-FACTOR CHARACTERS: MENDEL'S LAWS
¬ TRANSMISSION: AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, RECESSIVE AND LINKED TO CHROMOSOME X
CONCEPT OF PENETRANCE, VARIABLE EXPRESSION, FITNESS, DE NOVO MUTATIONS
DNA AND MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE
¬ KARIOTYPE AND CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMOSOMES
¬ CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS: NUMBER AND MEASURE
¬ MULTIFACTORIAL HERITAGE: QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS, THRESHOLD EFFECT, MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES
¬ CLASSIFICATION OF GENETIC TESTS AND APPLICATIONS
¬ GENETIC COUNSELING


GENERAL PATHOLOGY: GENERALITIES
. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS CAUSING DISEASE
. DIABETES AND OBESITY
. STORAGE PATHOLOGIES
. ACUTE AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF INFLAMMATION AND TYPES OF INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS
. TUMORS
. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
. HEMOSTASIS AND HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES
. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
. DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES


CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
INTERPRETATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORY TEST
•REFERENCE VALUES, SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY, INTER AND INTRAINDIVIDUALVARIABILITY
•CLINICAL AND LABORATORY ASPECT OF TRANSFUSION MEDICINE:
(BLOOD, MORPHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND COUNTING OF BLOOD CELLS, ANTICOAGULANTS USE, PROTIDOGRAM, NOTES OF IMMUNOLOGY: INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY, MYELOPOIESIS, TRANSFUSION MEDICINE: AB0 GROUP, RH TYPOLOGY, DIRECT AND INDIRECT COOMBS TEST)
•DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF ANEMIES
(DEFINITION AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, THALASSEMIA, HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES HEREDITARY SYNDROMES AND SCREENING TEST, METHODS: GR INDICES, RETICULOCYTES COUNT, HB ELECTROPHORESIS, SCREENING TEST FOR HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES)
•LABORATORY TESTS FOR THE STUDY OF IRON METABOLISM (SIDEREMIA, FERRITIN, TOTAL IRON-BINDING CAPACITY (TIBC), TRANSFERRINE AND TRANSFERRINE SATURATION, APTOGLOBINE)
•THE LABORATORY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE HEMOSTATIC FUNCTION AND THROMBOTIC RISK (HEMORRHAGIC DISEASES, THROMBOTIC DISEASES, ALTERATIONS OF THE PLATELETS AND MAIN LABORATORY TEST)

APPLIED DIETARY TECHNICAL SCIENCES, 12 HOURS, 1CFU:

-NUTRIENTS: CLASSIFICATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE AND LEVEL OF REFERENCE INTAKE FOR THE ITALIAN POPULATION.
-BODY COMPOSITION AND ENERGY EXPENDITURE: USE AND LIMITS OF THE BODY MASS INDEX (BMI). BODY COMPOSITION, BASAL METABOLIC RATE AND TECHNIQUES FOR THEIR ASSESSMENT .
-OBESITY AND FOOD INTAKE REGULATION: OBESITY: CAUSES, COMORBIDITIES AND CLASSIFICATION. MONOGENIC OBESITY. PYRAMID OF OBESITY TREATMENT. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL SIGNALS THAT REGULATE FOOD INTAKE.
-DIGESTION: THE DIGESTION PHASES. DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND FATS.
-CEPHALIC, GASTRIC AND INTESTINAL PHASE. HEPATIC PORTAL SYSTEM. ROLE OF THE PANCREAS, LIVER AND GALLBLADDER IN THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS. ABSORPTION OF VITAMINS, MINERALS AND WATER.
-NUTRITION IN POST-INJURY MUSCLE RECOVERY: MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY AND ENERGY METABOLISM. ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MUSCLE INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES. PHYSIOTHERAPY, NUTRITION AND SUPPLEMENTATION AFTER MUSCLE INJURY. NUTRITION AND NUTRACEUTICALS DURING MUSCLE REHABILITATION

Teaching Methods
THE COURSE IS DIVIDED INTO 60H OF FRONTAL LESSONS. THE FRONTAL LESSONS WILL ALLOW THE STUDENT TO ACQUIRE THE KNOWLEDGE OF GENERAL PATHOLOGY, MEDICAL GENETICS, CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, FOOD SCIENCE AND APPLIED DIETETICS, AND MAIN LABORATORY TECHNIQUES USEFUL FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF PATHOGENETIC DETERMINANTS AND RELEVANT PROCESSES IN MEDICINE.
Verification of learning
THE EXAM CONSISTS OF AN ORAL TEST AIMED AT VERIFYING THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL GENETICS AND CLINICAL PATHOLOGY, FOOD SCIENCE AND APPLIED DIETETICS, AND OF THE MAIN LABORATORY TECHNIQUES OF DIAGNOSTIC INTERVENTIONS AND THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES.
THE SCORE OF THE ORAL EXAM IS AIMED AT EVALUATING THE THEORETICAL IN-DEPTH STUDY OF THE STUDENT. THE MINIMUM SCORE IN THE ORAL EXAM INCLUDES THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MECHANISMS OF ALTERATION OF THE FUNCTIONS AT THE LEVEL OF THE CELL, OF THE APPARATUS AND OF THE ORGAN, OF THE CONCEPTS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE, THE BASES OF FOOD SCIENCE AND APPLIED DIETETICS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE MAIN LABORATORY TESTS. THE MAXIMUM MARK IS ACHIEVED WHEN THE STUDENT DEMONSTRATES THAT HE IS ABLE TO CORRECTLY ILLUSTRATE AND DISCUSS THE TOPICS IN THE PROGRAM WITH THE ABILITY TO ANALYZE AND SYNTHESIZE CORRECTLY AND WITH A COHERENT LOGICAL ARGUMENT. EXCELLENCE REQUIRES ACHIEVING THE MAXIMUM SCORE IN ALL EXAM MODULES AND HAVING DEMONSTRATED AN EXCELLENT LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPICS AND A STRONG ABILITY TO CORRECTLY APPLY THE METHODOLOGIES TO DETECT CLINICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS, ALSO CRITICALLY INTERPRETING THEM FROM A PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW, FOR THE PURPOSES OF DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS.
Texts
•NOTES FROM FRONTAL LESSONS.
•ROBBINS E COTRAN. LE BASI PATOLOGICHE DELLE MALATTIE
•MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO - LOGICA & PATOLOGIA CLINICA
ISBN: 978-88-299-2973-3
CODICE PICCIN: 0110090
AUTORI: ANTONOZZI - GULLETTA

DIETETICA E NUTRIZIONE CLINICA (TERZA EDIZIONE)
EDITORE: IL PENSIERO SCIENTIFICO
EAN: 9788849006216

FISIOLOGIA MEDICA (EDIZIONE XIII, 2017)
EDITORE: EDRA-MASSON
ISBN: 9788821442377


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