Fabio MADONNA | PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Fabio MADONNA PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
cod. 0512600041
PHYSICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
| 0512600041 | |
| DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS "E. R. CAIANIELLO" | |
| EQF6 | |
| PHYSICS | |
| 2023/2024 |
| YEAR OF COURSE 3 | |
| YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2017 | |
| SPRING SEMESTER |
| SSD | CFU | HOURS | ACTIVITY | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FIS/06 | 6 | 48 | LESSONS |
| Objectives | |
|---|---|
| OBJECTIVES THE LECTURES AIM TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE FUNDAMENTALS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES TAKING PLACE IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE, THE OCEAN, AND THE SOLID EARTH. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING THE LECTURES WILL PROVIDE A DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS AND OF THE MOST IMPORTANT PROCESSES OCCURRING IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. THE COURSE ALSO AIMS TO INTRODUCE STUDENTS TO THE OBSERVATION OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE. THE LECTURES WILL BE DIVIDED INTO FOUR MODULES: - ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS - RADIATIVE BALANCE - ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS - MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND DATA ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS ABILITY TO APPLY THE CONTENT KNOWLEDGE. THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND HOW THE STATE OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE IS OBSERVED AND DESCRIBED FROM A PHYSICAL POINT OF VIEW. THE STUDENTS WILL BE ALSO ABLE TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSICAL PROCESSES REGULATING THE DYNAMICS AND THERMODYNAMICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE RELATED MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: THE LECTURES WILL PROMOTE THE STUDENT'S SKILLS IN EXPLAINING THE DISCUSSED TOPICS IN A CLEAR AND RIGOROUS WAY AND IN STUDYING ON THE TEXTBOOKS INDEPENDENTLY. INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT: STUDENTS ARE GUIDED TO DISCUSS WITH CRITICISM AND RESPONSIBILITY THE CONTENT PROVIDED AND MATURE THEIR OWN OPINION THROUGH THE STUDY OF THE DIDACTIC MATERIALS INDICATED BY THE PROFESSOR. |
| Prerequisites | |
|---|---|
| BASIC MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS KNOWLEDGE (THERMODYNAMICS, FLUID MECHANICS, ELECTROMAGNETISM) |
| Contents | |
|---|---|
| THE LECURES ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN MODULES. - THE EARTH SYSTEM AND THE THERMODYNAMICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE (1 CFU): THE COMPONENTS OF THE EARTH SYSTEM. HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE. CARBON CYCLE. ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION. VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE. THE EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE FROM THE ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT. REVIEW OF CLASSICAL THERMODYNAMICS. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION. HYDROSTATIC EQUATION. GEOPOTENTIAL, GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT AND HYPSOMETRIC EQUATION. ISOBAR MAPS. POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE. DRY ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE. VERTICAL STABILITY AND BRUNT-VAISALA FREQUENCY. STATIC STABILITY. ATMOSPHERIC LAPSE RATE. PARTIAL PRESSURE, MIXING RATIO, SPECIFIC HUMIDITY, VIRTUAL TEMPERATURE. HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT. SATURATED AIR: SATURATION MIXING RATIO, DEW TEMPERATURE, HUMID ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE. LIFTING CONDENSATION LEVEL. EQUIVALENT POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE. THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS. USE OF DIAGRAMS FOR THE STUDY OF ATMOSPHERIC ADIABATIC PROCESSES, STATIC STABILITY, TEMPERATURE INVERSION. TOTAL POTENTIAL ENERGY AND KINETIC OF THE ATMOSPHERE. - RADIATIVE TRANSFER (2 CFU): ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES. RADIATIVE VARIABLES: RADIANCE, IRRADIANCE, FLOW. BLACK BODY: LAWS OF PLANK, STEFAN-BOLTZMANN, WIEN, KIRCHHOFF. SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL EMISSION. RADIATIVE EQUILIBRIUM. GREENHOUSE EFFECT: SINGLE AND DOUBLE LAYER MODEL. RADIATION ABSORPTION AND EMISSION: ABSORPTION CROSS SECTIONS. ELASTIC SCATTERING: RAYLEIGH AND MIE THEORY, SCATTERING CROSS SECTION, PHASE FUNCTION. GENERAL EQUATION OF RADIATIVE TRANSFER. APPROXIMATIONS: LAWS OF BEER-LAMBERT AND SCHWARZCHILD, PLANE-PARALLEL ATMOSPHERE. OPTICAL THICKNESS. ABSORPTION, EMISSION AND SCATTERING COEFFICIENTS, SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO. ACTINIC FLOW. OZONE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROCESSES. BASIC OF CLOUD PROPERTIES. - ATMOSPHERIC DYNAMICS (2 CFU): LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN APPROACH. FLOW LINES AND TRAJECTORIES. KINEMATIC VARIABLES: SHEAR, CURVATURE, DIVERGENCE, VORTICITY, DEFORMATION. MASS CONSERVATION. CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM: GRAVITY FORCE, PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE, VISCOUS FORCE. CONSERVATION OF THERMODYNAMIC ENERGY. EQUATION OF STATE. PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS IN LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN FORM: ADVECTION. ROTATING REFERENCE SYSTEM: CORIOLIS FORCE, CENTRIFUGAL FORCE. GEOCENTRIC SYSTEM: TERMS OF CURVATURE. WEATHER FORECAST, DATA ASSIMILATION PROBLEM. SCALE ANALYSIS. APPROXIMATION AND GEOSTROPHIC WIND. ISOBAR COORDINATES GEOSTROPHIC WIND AND VERTICAL SPEED. BALANCED FLOW: INERTIAL FLOW, GRADIENT WIND. FRICTION WITH THE SURFACE. ECKMAN SPIRAL. PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER. TURBULENT FLOWS. BAROTROPIC AND BAROCLINE ATMOSPHERE. THERMAL WIND EQUATION. JET-STREAM TRAINING. TEMPERATURE ADVECTION. - MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND DATA APPLICATIONS (1 CFU): REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE FROM GROUND AND SATELLITE. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES. OPTICAL SENSORS. SENSORS IN THE MICROWAVE. POLAR AND GOESTATIONARY SATELLITES. GNSS MEASUREMENTS AND RADIO-OCCULTATION. MEASUREMENTS IN SITU. CLIMATE MODELS AND ATMOSPHERIC REANALYSIS. ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES. BASICS OF ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL TIME SERIES AND TREND ESTIMATES. APPLICATIONS ON REAL AND SIMULATED DATA. |
| Teaching Methods | |
|---|---|
| DURATION OF THE LECTURES: 42 HOURS |
| Verification of learning | |
|---|---|
| ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES WILL BE CERTIFIED BY AN ORAL FINAL EXAMINATION WITH A GRADE IN THIRTIETHS. THE EXAMINATION WILL INVOLVE AN INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES AND PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND ADAPTATION OF PRODUCTION WITH RESPECT TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY. THE EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE QUALITY OF THE ENTIRE EXAMINATION. NO INTERMEDIATE TESTS ARE FORESEEN. |
| Texts | |
|---|---|
| THE BOOKS LISTED HERE REPRESENT SOME POSSIBLE OPTIONS THAT CAN COVER COMPLETELY THE CONTENT COVERED IN THE LECTURES. HOWEVER, THE PROFESSOR WILL PROVIDE HANDOUTS IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE STUDENTS' COURSEWORK, IN PARTICULAR FOR THE MODULE OF “MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND DATA ANALYSIS.”. FOR MANY OF THE REPORTED BOOKS ENGLISH VERSIONS ARE AVAILABLE. •J. M. WALLACE E PETER V. HOBBS - ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE, AN INTRODUCTORY SURVEY. SECOND EDITION ACADEMIC PRESS 2006 (TESTO PRINCIPALE) •C. D. AHRENS (2007). ESSENTIALS OF METEOROLOGY. THOMSON BROOKS/COLE. •M. L. SALBY (1996). FUNDAMENTALS OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS. ACADEMIC PRESS. •J. R. HOLTON (2004). AN INTRODUCTION TO DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY. ACADEMIC PRESS. •K. N. LIOU, AN INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, 2ND ED., ACADEMIC PRESS, 2002 J. •L. HARTMANN, GLOBAL PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY, 1ST ED., ACADEMIC PRESS, 1994 •J. H. SEINFELD AND S. N. PANDIS, ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS, 2ND ED., JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., 2006 •MARZANO FRANK S., VISCONTI GUIDO - REMOTE SENSING OF ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN FROM SPACE: MODELS, INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES - SPRINGER NETHERLANDS 2002 |
| More Information | |
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| EMAIL: FMADONNA@UNISA.IT |
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