Antonio MOLLO | REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS AND EVOLUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY

cod. 1012400003

REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS AND EVOLUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY

	1012400003
	DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
	EQF6
	MIDWIFERY
	2024/2025

PERCORSO STUDY PATHWAY IN COMMON IN OBSTETRICS

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2013
	AUTUMN SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
1	PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EVOLUZIONE DELLA GRAVIDANZA FISIOLOGICA - MOD. ENDOCRINOLOGIA
	MED/13	1	12	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
2	PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EVOLUZIONE DELLA GRAVIDANZA FISIOLOGICA - MOD. GINECOLOGIA E OSTETRICIA
	MED/40	2	24	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
3	PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EVOLUZIONE DELLA GRAVIDANZA FISIOLOGICA - MOD. SCIENZE INFERMIERISTICHE GENERALI
	MED/45	1	12	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
4	PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EVOLUZIONE DELLA GRAVIDANZA FISIOLOGICA - MOD. SCIENZE INFERMIERISTICO OSTETRICO-GINECOLOGICO
	MED/47	2	24	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	MARIO VITALE1 T Curriculum
	ANTONIO MOLLO2 Curriculum
	ADOLFO STELLATO3 Curriculum
	-4

EXAMS

Exam	Date	Session
PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EV DELLA GRAV F	03/03/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE ORDINARIA
PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EV DELLA GRAV F	03/03/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE DI RECUPERO
PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EV DELLA GRAV F	25/03/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE ORDINARIA
PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EV DELLA GRAV F	25/03/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE DI RECUPERO
PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EV DELLA GRAV F	01/07/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE ORDINARIA
PROCESSO RIPRODUTTIVO ED EV DELLA GRAV F	14/07/2025 - 09:00	SESSIONE ORDINARIA

	Objectives
	The integrated course aims to provide students with the appropriate knowledge to understand biological phenomena and the molecular mechanisms that regulate the functioning of reproductive organs, specifically the physiology of human reproduction and embryonic development. Additionally, by the end of the course, students will be familiar with the pathophysiology of the endocrine and metabolic systems and their correlations with obstetrics, and will learn to place the knowledge of endocrine pathophysiology in the context of pregnancy and childbirth. Another goal is to provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify and interpret the principles, values, theories, and models of Midwifery, obstetric semiotics for assessing the health status of the patient, and the planning, management, and evaluation of obstetric, neonatological, and gynecological care. Knowledge and Understanding By the end of the course, the student will have acquired and be able to: Understand the human anatomy, the pathophysiology of the reproductive system and its endocrine and metabolic regulation at different stages of a woman's life, with the aim of building the specific skills for the professional profile of a midwife working in EU countries. Identify and understand health determinants, risk factors, and prevention strategies applied to promoting and supporting the health of women, pregnant women, parturients, puerperal women, and newborns. Possess adequate knowledge in managing counseling activities and establishing good relational processes with women and couples during the birth process, including those from foreign backgrounds. Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding By the end of the course, the student will be able to: Use theoretical knowledge from Midwifery care-cure-education, behavioral and social biological sciences to recognize the health needs of women in various reproductive life stages, couples, in their social contexts, and newborns up to the first year of life. Link the general principles of human reproduction pathophysiology and infertility/sterility in couples to the main methods of medically assisted procreation within the collaborative role of the midwife. Plan and participate in the implementation of birth and parenting support pathways. Take responsibility for their actions during professional practice in accordance with the professional profile and the code of ethics, respecting current regulations. Communication Skills By the end of the course, the student will be able to use the principles of teaching and learning for specific informational or educational interventions aimed at individual users, families, groups, and other professionals such as support staff, midwifery students, nursing students, applying clear and organized communication of their mental synthesis. Learning Skills By the end of the course, the student will be able to: Continuously self-assess their educational needs in relation to the nature and complexity of the problems to be addressed and the planning and operational strategies to be managed. Continuously seek opportunities for self-learning, collaborative learning, and self-assessment within work teams.

The integrated course aims to provide students with the appropriate knowledge to understand biological phenomena and the molecular mechanisms that regulate the functioning of reproductive organs, specifically the physiology of human reproduction and embryonic development. Additionally, by the end of the course, students will be familiar with the pathophysiology of the endocrine and metabolic systems and their correlations with obstetrics, and will learn to place the knowledge of endocrine pathophysiology in the context of pregnancy and childbirth.

Another goal is to provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills to identify and interpret the principles, values, theories, and models of Midwifery, obstetric semiotics for assessing the health status of the patient, and the planning, management, and evaluation of obstetric, neonatological, and gynecological care.

Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the course, the student will have acquired and be able to:

Understand the human anatomy, the pathophysiology of the reproductive system and its endocrine and metabolic regulation at different stages of a woman's life, with the aim of building the specific skills for the professional profile of a midwife working in EU countries.
Identify and understand health determinants, risk factors, and prevention strategies applied to promoting and supporting the health of women, pregnant women, parturients, puerperal women, and newborns.
Possess adequate knowledge in managing counseling activities and establishing good relational processes with women and couples during the birth process, including those from foreign backgrounds.
Ability to Apply Knowledge and Understanding
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:

Use theoretical knowledge from Midwifery care-cure-education, behavioral and social biological sciences to recognize the health needs of women in various reproductive life stages, couples, in their social contexts, and newborns up to the first year of life.
Link the general principles of human reproduction pathophysiology and infertility/sterility in couples to the main methods of medically assisted procreation within the collaborative role of the midwife.
Plan and participate in the implementation of birth and parenting support pathways.
Take responsibility for their actions during professional practice in accordance with the professional profile and the code of ethics, respecting current regulations.
Communication Skills
By the end of the course, the student will be able to use the principles of teaching and learning for specific informational or educational interventions aimed at individual users, families, groups, and other professionals such as support staff, midwifery students, nursing students, applying clear and organized communication of their mental synthesis.

Learning Skills
By the end of the course, the student will be able to:

Continuously self-assess their educational needs in relation to the nature and complexity of the problems to be addressed and the planning and operational strategies to be managed.
Continuously seek opportunities for self-learning, collaborative learning, and self-assessment within work teams.

	Prerequisites
	nessuno

	Contents
	The course is divided into 4 modules: Endocrinology Gynecology and Obstetrics General Nursing Sciences Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing Sciences Endocrinology Module (MED/13, 1 ECTS, 12 hours) Anatomical Overview and the Role of the Pituitary Gland: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The role of hormones, with particular attention to oxytocin, vasopressin, ACTH, PRL, and GH (3 hours). Kidney Function and Involved Hormones: The impact of GH on growth and bone development, stimulation tests, immunometric dosages, causes and consequences of hormonal imbalances (3 hours). The Thyroid Gland: The role of thyroid hormones, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The adrenal glands: anatomical overview and endocrine function (1 hour). Endocrinology of Female Reproduction: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, oogenesis, gonadotropins, menopause. The role of estrogen, androgens, and progesterone in women, specifically during the ovarian cycle, puberty, and pregnancy (3 hours). Fertilization and Pregnancy: Embryogenesis overview. Placental function. Induction of labor (1 hour). Gynecology and Obstetrics Module (MED/40, 2 ECTS, 24 hours) Role of the Endocrine System: Effects of gonadotropins on male and female gonads, ovarian cycle control, prolactin and hyperprolactinemia, role of estrogen, androgens, and beta-HCG. Gametogenesis in males and females (3 hours). Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles: Modifications of genital organs, endocrine and nervous control (3 hours). Fertilization and Implantation Process: Capacitation of sperm, sperm-egg interactions, chemotaxis and thermotaxis, zona pellucida, egg activation, implantation phases (3 hours). Embryogenesis: Developmental stages in the first, second, and third week post-fertilization. Embryo-Fetal Attachments: Placental formation, endocrine and immune roles of the placenta, anatomy of the placenta, villogenesis, chorion, and amnion, formation of the umbilical cord, placental and cord insertion anomalies, drug transfer through the placenta, fetal-placental circulation (6 hours). Pregnancy Evolution: Changes in the female body during pregnancy, monitoring of normal pregnancy (preconception counseling and screening), urine chemical-physical examination (3 hours). Twin Pregnancies: Classification, maternal and fetal complications, placentation, ultrasound diagnosis of placentation, fetal-fetal transfusion, clinical monitoring, and pregnancy hygiene (3 hours). Menopause and Its Phases: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and patient management (3 hours). General Nursing Sciences Module (MED/45, 1 ECTS, 12 hours) Vital Signs: Measurement and physiological values. Venipuncture: vacutainer system, procedures, test tube classification, direct and indirect technique. Handwashing: social, aseptic, and surgical handwashing. Bladder catheterization: description of the bladder catheter and application procedure in women and men. Drainage (3 hours). Operating Room: Perioperative assistance, informed consent, ASA evaluation, operating room instruments, trichotomy, role of the instrument technician, patient recovery, and operating room requirements. Sterilization and surgical instruments (3 hours). Central and Peripheral Catheters: Procedures and instruments. Nasogastric tube and enteral and parenteral feeding. Surgical instruments: cutting, clamps, and dilators (3 hours). Diabetes: Symptoms, classification, and specifically gestational diabetes. Fluids: physiological saline, colloids, consequences of fluid increase and reduction (3 hours). Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing Sciences Module (MED/47, 2 ECTS, 24 hours) Evolution of the Health Concept by the WHO: The Ottawa Charter. Action tools for health promotion. Holistic patient approach. Henderson’s conceptual model. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (3 hours). Importance of Women's Lifestyle: Nutrition, exercise, work (3 hours). Professional Profile of the Midwife: According to Legislative Decree No. 740/94 and areas of competence. The concept of midwifery. Midwifery management (3 hours). Care Plan: POMI. Defining pregnancy as B.R.O. (low obstetric risk): screening diagnostic tests. The Bindi decree. "The Thousand Days Project" (3 hours). Obstetric Nursing: Trichotomy and correct preoperative preparation of the patient. Post-operative care and monitoring of the puerperium (3 hours). Pregnancy Risk Indices and Factors: Adaptations and modifications in pregnancy from an endocrine, morphological, and functional perspective of the main systems (3 hours). Obstetric-Nursing Record, Pregnancy Agenda, and Pain Scales (3 hours). Diagnosis, Acceptance, and Care of the Patient: Obstetric pregnancy diagnosis and transvaginal ultrasound (3 hours).

Contents

The course is divided into 4 modules:

Endocrinology
Gynecology and Obstetrics
General Nursing Sciences
Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing Sciences
Endocrinology Module (MED/13, 1 ECTS, 12 hours)
Anatomical Overview and the Role of the Pituitary Gland: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The role of hormones, with particular attention to oxytocin, vasopressin, ACTH, PRL, and GH (3 hours).
Kidney Function and Involved Hormones: The impact of GH on growth and bone development, stimulation tests, immunometric dosages, causes and consequences of hormonal imbalances (3 hours).
The Thyroid Gland: The role of thyroid hormones, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The adrenal glands: anatomical overview and endocrine function (1 hour).
Endocrinology of Female Reproduction: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, oogenesis, gonadotropins, menopause. The role of estrogen, androgens, and progesterone in women, specifically during the ovarian cycle, puberty, and pregnancy (3 hours).
Fertilization and Pregnancy: Embryogenesis overview. Placental function. Induction of labor (1 hour).
Gynecology and Obstetrics Module (MED/40, 2 ECTS, 24 hours)
Role of the Endocrine System: Effects of gonadotropins on male and female gonads, ovarian cycle control, prolactin and hyperprolactinemia, role of estrogen, androgens, and beta-HCG. Gametogenesis in males and females (3 hours).
Ovarian and Menstrual Cycles: Modifications of genital organs, endocrine and nervous control (3 hours).
Fertilization and Implantation Process: Capacitation of sperm, sperm-egg interactions, chemotaxis and thermotaxis, zona pellucida, egg activation, implantation phases (3 hours).
Embryogenesis: Developmental stages in the first, second, and third week post-fertilization.
Embryo-Fetal Attachments: Placental formation, endocrine and immune roles of the placenta, anatomy of the placenta, villogenesis, chorion, and amnion, formation of the umbilical cord, placental and cord insertion anomalies, drug transfer through the placenta, fetal-placental circulation (6 hours).
Pregnancy Evolution: Changes in the female body during pregnancy, monitoring of normal pregnancy (preconception counseling and screening), urine chemical-physical examination (3 hours).
Twin Pregnancies: Classification, maternal and fetal complications, placentation, ultrasound diagnosis of placentation, fetal-fetal transfusion, clinical monitoring, and pregnancy hygiene (3 hours).
Menopause and Its Phases: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and patient management (3 hours).
General Nursing Sciences Module (MED/45, 1 ECTS, 12 hours)
Vital Signs: Measurement and physiological values. Venipuncture: vacutainer system, procedures, test tube classification, direct and indirect technique. Handwashing: social, aseptic, and surgical handwashing. Bladder catheterization: description of the bladder catheter and application procedure in women and men. Drainage (3 hours).
Operating Room: Perioperative assistance, informed consent, ASA evaluation, operating room instruments, trichotomy, role of the instrument technician, patient recovery, and operating room requirements. Sterilization and surgical instruments (3 hours).
Central and Peripheral Catheters: Procedures and instruments. Nasogastric tube and enteral and parenteral feeding. Surgical instruments: cutting, clamps, and dilators (3 hours).
Diabetes: Symptoms, classification, and specifically gestational diabetes. Fluids: physiological saline, colloids, consequences of fluid increase and reduction (3 hours).
Obstetric-Gynecological Nursing Sciences Module (MED/47, 2 ECTS, 24 hours)
Evolution of the Health Concept by the WHO: The Ottawa Charter. Action tools for health promotion. Holistic patient approach. Henderson’s conceptual model. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (3 hours).
Importance of Women's Lifestyle: Nutrition, exercise, work (3 hours).
Professional Profile of the Midwife: According to Legislative Decree No. 740/94 and areas of competence. The concept of midwifery. Midwifery management (3 hours).
Care Plan: POMI. Defining pregnancy as B.R.O. (low obstetric risk): screening diagnostic tests. The Bindi decree. "The Thousand Days Project" (3 hours).
Obstetric Nursing: Trichotomy and correct preoperative preparation of the patient. Post-operative care and monitoring of the puerperium (3 hours).
Pregnancy Risk Indices and Factors: Adaptations and modifications in pregnancy from an endocrine, morphological, and functional perspective of the main systems (3 hours).
Obstetric-Nursing Record, Pregnancy Agenda, and Pain Scales (3 hours).
Diagnosis, Acceptance, and Care of the Patient: Obstetric pregnancy diagnosis and transvaginal ultrasound (3 hours).

	Teaching Methods
	During the course, students will attend lectures. Attendance is mandatory, and access to the exam requires at least 75% attendance of the lectures. Attendance will be monitored through the Easyacademy software.

	Verification of learning
	The final test consists of a written exam, supplemented by an oral exam. The written exam consists of 30 multiple-choice questions to be answered in 30 minutes. The oral exam lasts about 15 minutes for each module and aims to assess the understanding of the course topics and the ability to apply knowledge in a collaborative, multidisciplinary context. The oral grade will be the weighted average of the grades obtained in each module, with the final grade being composed of 30% from the written exam and 70% from the oral exam. To achieve honors, students must obtain the maximum grade in all modules and demonstrate the ability for interdisciplinary reasoning.

Verification of learning

The final test consists of a written exam, supplemented by an oral exam.

The written exam consists of 30 multiple-choice questions to be answered in 30 minutes.

The oral exam lasts about 15 minutes for each module and aims to assess the understanding of the course topics and the ability to apply knowledge in a collaborative, multidisciplinary context. The oral grade will be the weighted average of the grades obtained in each module, with the final grade being composed of 30% from the written exam and 70% from the oral exam. To achieve honors, students must obtain the maximum grade in all modules and demonstrate the ability for interdisciplinary reasoning.

	Texts
	COMPENDIO DI ENDOCRINOLOGIA E MALATTIE DEL METABOLISMO. BELLASTELLA ED ALTRI, IDELSON GNOCCHI Williams Ostetricia Piccin 2016 Costantini, Trattando di Ostetricia Piccin course handouts

BETA VERSION Data source ESSE3 [Ultima Sincronizzazione: 2025-01-27]

Antonio MOLLO | REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS AND EVOLUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PREGNANCY