Gianluigi FRANCI | BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF DIAGNOSTIC SCIENCES

cod. 1012600005

BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF DIAGNOSTIC SCIENCES

	1012600005
	DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
	EQF6
	DEGREE PROGRAMME IN BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES
	2024/2025

PERCORSO COMUNE

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2024
	SPRING SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
1	BASI BIOCHIMICHE DELLE SCIENZE DIAGNOSTICHE - MOD. MICROBIOLOGIA
	MED/07	2	24	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
2	BASI BIOCHIMICHE DELLE SCIENZE DIAGNOSTICHE - MOD. MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO
	MED/46	2	24	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
3	BASI BIOCHIMICHE DELLE SCIENZE DIAGNOSTICHE - MOD. BIOCHIMICA
	BIO/10	3	36	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
4	BASI BIOCHIMICHE DELLE SCIENZE DIAGNOSTICHE - MOD. BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE
	BIO/11	2	24	LESSONS	SUPPLEMENTARY COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

PROFESSORS

	VIVIANA IZZO2 T Curriculum
	GIANLUIGI FRANCI1 Curriculum
	ALESSANDRA ROSATI3 Curriculum
	ROSANNA MARTINELLI4 Curriculum

	Objectives
	THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE TEACHING IS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE BIOMOLECULAR, BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL NOTIONS ON WHICH MODERN CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES ARE BASED, AS WELL AS THE MOST RECENT LABORATORY INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGIES. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING - THE TEACHING AIMS TO MAKE STUDENTS ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT: - THE BIOENERGETIC METABOLISM OF EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS - THE PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION AND ITS MODULATION - MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR MODES OF SYMBIOTIC OR PARASITIC INTERACTION WITH OTHER ORGANISMS - THE FIELDS OF APPLICABILITY OF THE MODELS AND LAWS STUDIED AND THE LIMITS OF VALIDITY AND APPLICABILITY IN REAL CONTEXTS. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING - AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: - USE THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEXITY OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO BIOLOGICAL MODELS - UNDERSTAND THE INFORMATION DERIVING FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS AIMED AT STUDYING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE AFOREMENTIONED MODELS IN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS. AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT – AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF ANALYZES CONDUCTED ON BIOLOGICAL MODELS, ALSO UNDERSTANDING THE LIMITS OF APPLICABILITY IN A REAL CONTEXT. COMMUNICATION SKILLS – AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: EXPOSE THE TOPICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY COVERED IN THE COURSE WITH OWNERSHIP AND SIMPLICITY OF LANGUAGE, ALSO AIMED AT A CLEAR AND EFFECTIVE TRANSMISSION OF CONTENTS AND RESULTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXTS. LEARNING ABILITY AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO: LEARN MORE ABOUT THE TOPICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY AND THEIR INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS INDEPENDENTLY, THROUGH THE READING OF SCIENTIFIC TEXTS, INCLUDING NON-POPULAR ONES (ARTICLES IN SPECIALIZED JOURNALS).

THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE TEACHING IS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE BIOMOLECULAR, BIOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL NOTIONS ON WHICH MODERN CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES ARE BASED, AS WELL AS THE MOST RECENT LABORATORY INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGIES.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING -
THE TEACHING AIMS TO MAKE STUDENTS ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT:
- THE BIOENERGETIC METABOLISM OF EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS
- THE PRINCIPLES OF TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC INFORMATION AND ITS MODULATION
- MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR MODES OF SYMBIOTIC OR PARASITIC INTERACTION WITH OTHER ORGANISMS
- THE FIELDS OF APPLICABILITY OF THE MODELS AND LAWS STUDIED AND THE LIMITS OF VALIDITY AND APPLICABILITY IN REAL CONTEXTS.

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING -
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
- USE THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED TO UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEXITY OF IN VITRO AND IN VIVO BIOLOGICAL MODELS
- UNDERSTAND THE INFORMATION DERIVING FROM LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS AIMED AT STUDYING THE BEHAVIOR OF THE AFOREMENTIONED MODELS IN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS.

AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT –
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETING THE RESULTS OF ANALYZES CONDUCTED ON BIOLOGICAL MODELS, ALSO UNDERSTANDING THE LIMITS OF APPLICABILITY IN A REAL CONTEXT.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS –
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
EXPOSE THE TOPICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY COVERED IN THE COURSE WITH OWNERSHIP AND SIMPLICITY OF LANGUAGE, ALSO AIMED AT A CLEAR AND EFFECTIVE TRANSMISSION OF CONTENTS AND RESULTS IN INTERDISCIPLINARY CONTEXTS.

LEARNING ABILITY
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO:
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE TOPICS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY AND THEIR INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS INDEPENDENTLY, THROUGH THE READING OF SCIENTIFIC TEXTS, INCLUDING NON-POPULAR ONES (ARTICLES IN SPECIALIZED JOURNALS).

	Prerequisites
	The student must have basic knowledge of chemistry, physics and statistics

	Contents
	PROGRAM OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY MODULE: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES. PROTEINS AS POLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS; NUCLEIC ACIDS AS POLYMERS OF NUCLEOTIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES AND LIPIDS. PROTEIN STRUCTURE: PEPTIDE BOND, SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVEL STRUCTURES. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF PROTEINS, FIBROUS PROTEINS AND GLOBULAR PROTEINS. ENZYMES: CATALYSIS, ENZYME KINETICS, ROLE OF CATALYSIS IN METABOLISM. NUTRIENT PRINCIPLES AND THEIR ASSIMILATION. MACROMOLECULES AS AN ENERGY SOURCE. THERMODYNAMICS OF METABOLISM. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM. GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION. TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE AND ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH PHOSPHORYLATION. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. GLYCOGEN METABOLISM AND ROLE OF HORMONES THAT REGULATE ENERGY METABOLISM. LIPID METABOLISM AND ROLE OF HORMONES THAT REGULATE METABOLISM. SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF AMINO ACIDS. FATE OF AMINO ACID NITROGEN: UREA CYCLE. METABOLISM OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES. CONNECTION OF THE CONCEPTS COVERED TO THE FUNCTIONALITY OF CELLS; EXAMPLES OF PATHOLOGIES RELATED TO METABOLISM. PROGRAM OF THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY MODULE: MORPHOLOGY AND ARRANGEMENT OF BACTERIAL CELLS, COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE OF THE CELL WALL OF MYCOBACTERIA. BACTERIAL GROWTH AND METABOLISM. THE BACTERIAL GENOME, PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS, DNA REPLICATION, MUTATIONS, GENETIC RECOMBINATION, HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER. THE PATHOGENIC ACTION OF BACTERIA, PHASES OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS, EXPOSURE TO PATHOGENS, ADHESION, SECRETION SYSTEMS, INVASION, PRODUCTION OF TOXINS. VACCINES AND SERA. CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH. CLEANING, DISINFECTION, FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISINFECTANT, STERILIZATION, STERILIZATION BY HEAT, PHYSICAL MEANS, CHEMICAL MEANS, STERILIZATION BY RADIATION, STERILIZATION BY FILTRATION, STERILIZATION BY CHEMICAL AGENTS. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS USED IN VIVO, IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS, DIFFUSION IN AGAR ACCORDING TO KIRBY-BAUER, MICRO-DILUTION IN BROTH, THE METHOD, E-TEST, MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE, MAIN MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RESISTANCE, DECREASED PERMEABILITY TO DRUG OR INCREASED EFFLUX ACTIVITY, ALTERATION OF THE TARGET SITE, PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES THAT HYDROLYZE THE ANTIBIOTIC, PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES THAT MODIFY THE ANTIBIOTIC, BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS. STREPTOCOCCI-STAPHYLOCOCCI. STAPHYLOCOCCI, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, ANAEROBIC SPORE-FORMING BACILLI-AEROBIC SPORE-FORMING BACILLI. MYCOBACTERIA. ENTEROBACTERIA. SALMONELLA, YERSINIA PESTIS. VIBRIOS-CAMPYLOBACTER. VIBRIONACEAE, VIBRIO CHOLERAE, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. NEISSERIE. BORDETELLA-HAEMOPHILUS-BRUCELLA. CHLAMYDIA. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF VIRAL COMPONENTS. HOST SPECTRUM REPLICATION. CLASSIFICATION. CAPSID AND ENVELOPE. VIRAL REPLICATION, ADSORPTION, PENETRATION, UNCOATING, SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACID AND VIRAL PROTEINS, ASSEMBLY AND MATURATION, RELEASE, EFFECTS OF VIRUSES IN THE HOST CELL. VIRAL PATHOGENESIS. HEPATITIS VIRUS A, E, B C,D,E. HIV, CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE, REPLICATION, ADSORPTION, PENETRATION, RETROTRANSCRIPTION OF THE VIRAL GENOME, INTEGRATION OF THE PROVIRUS INTO CELLULAR DNA, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION, ASSEMBLY AND RELEASE, PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ACUTE INFECTION, LATENCY, AIDS. PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, ADENOVIRIDAE. HERPESVIRIDAE, HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 AND VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS, HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 6, EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS. PICORNAVIRIDAE, ENTEROVIRUS, FLAVIVIRIDAE, PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. MUMPS VIRUS, MEASLES VIRUS, ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE CORONAVIRUS PROGRAM OF THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MODULE: STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. DNA COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE AND VERSATILITY OF RNAS. THE PURIFICATION OF MACROMOLECULES. DNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; RNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION. CENTRIFUGAL TECHNIQUES. MAIN SEPARATION METHODS BY CENTRIFUGATION AND INSTRUMENTATION USED. SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES. ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE RADIATION. CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES, INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. TYPES OF COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY. ION EXCHANGE, MOLECULAR EXCLUSION OR GEL FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY. HPLC AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY. ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES. FACTORS INFLUENCING ELECTROPHORETIC MIGRATION. MAIN ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES. NUCLEIC ACID ELECTROPHORESIS AND ANALYSIS. SDS-PAGE AND PROTEIN ANALYSIS. INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE: PROTODOGRAM AND ANALYSIS OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS. PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), PURPOSE OF THE METHOD AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCEDURE AND LIMITING FACTORS. APPLICATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE. REAL TIME PCR, PURPOSE OF THE METHOD AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCEDURE AND LIMITING FACTORS. APPLICATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE. BASICS OF EPIGENETICS: DNA METHYLATION EVALUATION OF METHYLATION STATUS; APPLICATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE. GENE SILENCING AND OVEREXPRESSION. FROM RESTRICTION ENZYMES TO GENOME EDITING: THE DISCOVERY OF THE CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL-THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF CRISPR/CAS9. PROGRAM OF THE LABORATORY MEDICINE MODULE: BIOMARKERS, DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION. CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL BIOLOGICAL MATRICES. ANALYTICAL CYCLE; PRE-ANALYTICAL, ANALYTICAL AND POST-ANALYTICAL VARIABILITY. BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND REFERENCE INTERVALS. CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. IMMUNOMETRIC TECHNIQUES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE BLOOD COUNT AND CLOTTING. MAIN HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HEMOSTASIS. COAGULATION PATHOLOGIES. SERUM BIOMARKERS OF LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT DISEASES. KIDNEY FUNCTION. URINALYSIS. CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF URINE. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE URINARY SEDIMENT. MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE. PANCREATIC ENZYMES AND PANCREATIC DIAGNOSIS. SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS.

Contents

PROGRAM OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY MODULE: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES. PROTEINS AS POLYMERS OF AMINO ACIDS; NUCLEIC ACIDS AS POLYMERS OF NUCLEOTIDES; POLYSACCHARIDES AND LIPIDS. PROTEIN STRUCTURE: PEPTIDE BOND, SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVEL STRUCTURES. STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS OF PROTEINS, FIBROUS PROTEINS AND GLOBULAR PROTEINS. ENZYMES: CATALYSIS, ENZYME KINETICS, ROLE OF CATALYSIS IN METABOLISM. NUTRIENT PRINCIPLES AND THEIR ASSIMILATION. MACROMOLECULES AS AN ENERGY SOURCE. THERMODYNAMICS OF METABOLISM. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM. GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION. TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE AND ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH PHOSPHORYLATION. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN. GLYCOGEN METABOLISM AND ROLE OF HORMONES THAT REGULATE ENERGY METABOLISM. LIPID METABOLISM AND ROLE OF HORMONES THAT REGULATE METABOLISM. SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF AMINO ACIDS. FATE OF AMINO ACID NITROGEN: UREA CYCLE. METABOLISM OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES. CONNECTION OF THE CONCEPTS COVERED TO THE FUNCTIONALITY OF CELLS; EXAMPLES OF PATHOLOGIES RELATED TO METABOLISM.
PROGRAM OF THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY MODULE: MORPHOLOGY AND ARRANGEMENT OF BACTERIAL CELLS, COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE OF THE CELL WALL OF MYCOBACTERIA. BACTERIAL GROWTH AND METABOLISM. THE BACTERIAL GENOME, PLASMIDS, TRANSPOSONS, DNA REPLICATION, MUTATIONS, GENETIC RECOMBINATION, HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER. THE PATHOGENIC ACTION OF BACTERIA, PHASES OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS, EXPOSURE TO PATHOGENS, ADHESION, SECRETION SYSTEMS, INVASION, PRODUCTION OF TOXINS. VACCINES AND SERA. CONTROL OF MICROBIAL GROWTH. CLEANING, DISINFECTION, FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DISINFECTANT, STERILIZATION, STERILIZATION BY HEAT, PHYSICAL MEANS, CHEMICAL MEANS, STERILIZATION BY RADIATION, STERILIZATION BY FILTRATION, STERILIZATION BY CHEMICAL AGENTS. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS USED IN VIVO, IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS, DIFFUSION IN AGAR ACCORDING TO KIRBY-BAUER, MICRO-DILUTION IN BROTH, THE METHOD, E-TEST, MECHANISMS OF RESISTANCE, MAIN MECHANISMS OF GENETIC RESISTANCE, DECREASED PERMEABILITY TO DRUG OR INCREASED EFFLUX ACTIVITY, ALTERATION OF THE TARGET SITE, PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES THAT HYDROLYZE THE ANTIBIOTIC, PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES THAT MODIFY THE ANTIBIOTIC, BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS. STREPTOCOCCI-STAPHYLOCOCCI. STAPHYLOCOCCI, STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS, ANAEROBIC SPORE-FORMING BACILLI-AEROBIC SPORE-FORMING BACILLI. MYCOBACTERIA. ENTEROBACTERIA. SALMONELLA, YERSINIA PESTIS. VIBRIOS-CAMPYLOBACTER. VIBRIONACEAE, VIBRIO CHOLERAE, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. NEISSERIE. BORDETELLA-HAEMOPHILUS-BRUCELLA. CHLAMYDIA. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF VIRAL COMPONENTS. HOST SPECTRUM REPLICATION. CLASSIFICATION. CAPSID AND ENVELOPE. VIRAL REPLICATION, ADSORPTION, PENETRATION, UNCOATING, SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACID AND VIRAL PROTEINS, ASSEMBLY AND MATURATION, RELEASE, EFFECTS OF VIRUSES IN THE HOST CELL. VIRAL PATHOGENESIS. HEPATITIS VIRUS A, E, B C,D,E. HIV, CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE, REPLICATION, ADSORPTION, PENETRATION, RETROTRANSCRIPTION OF THE VIRAL GENOME, INTEGRATION OF THE PROVIRUS INTO CELLULAR DNA, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION, ASSEMBLY AND RELEASE, PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ACUTE INFECTION, LATENCY, AIDS. PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE, ADENOVIRIDAE. HERPESVIRIDAE, HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 AND VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS, HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, HUMAN HERPESVIRUS TYPE 6, EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS. PICORNAVIRIDAE, ENTEROVIRUS, FLAVIVIRIDAE, PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. MUMPS VIRUS, MEASLES VIRUS, ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE CORONAVIRUS
PROGRAM OF THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY MODULE: STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. DNA COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE AND VERSATILITY OF RNAS. THE PURIFICATION OF MACROMOLECULES. DNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; RNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION. CENTRIFUGAL TECHNIQUES. MAIN SEPARATION METHODS BY CENTRIFUGATION AND INSTRUMENTATION USED. SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES. ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF ULTRAVIOLET AND VISIBLE RADIATION. CHROMATOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES, INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES. TYPES OF COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY. ION EXCHANGE, MOLECULAR EXCLUSION OR GEL FILTRATION CHROMATOGRAPHY. HPLC AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY. ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES, GENERAL PRINCIPLES. FACTORS INFLUENCING ELECTROPHORETIC MIGRATION. MAIN ELECTROPHORETIC TECHNIQUES. NUCLEIC ACID ELECTROPHORESIS AND ANALYSIS. SDS-PAGE AND PROTEIN ANALYSIS. INSTRUMENTATION AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE: PROTODOGRAM AND ANALYSIS OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS. PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION), PURPOSE OF THE METHOD AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCEDURE AND LIMITING FACTORS. APPLICATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE. REAL TIME PCR, PURPOSE OF THE METHOD AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE PROCEDURE AND LIMITING FACTORS. APPLICATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE. BASICS OF EPIGENETICS: DNA METHYLATION EVALUATION OF METHYLATION STATUS; APPLICATIONS AND BIOMEDICAL RELEVANCE. GENE SILENCING AND OVEREXPRESSION. FROM RESTRICTION ENZYMES TO GENOME EDITING: THE DISCOVERY OF THE CRISPR/CAS9 SYSTEM. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL-THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF CRISPR/CAS9.
PROGRAM OF THE LABORATORY MEDICINE MODULE: BIOMARKERS, DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION. CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL BIOLOGICAL MATRICES. ANALYTICAL CYCLE; PRE-ANALYTICAL, ANALYTICAL AND POST-ANALYTICAL VARIABILITY. BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AND REFERENCE INTERVALS. CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS. IMMUNOMETRIC TECHNIQUES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE BLOOD COUNT AND CLOTTING. MAIN HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HEMOSTASIS. COAGULATION PATHOLOGIES. SERUM BIOMARKERS OF LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT DISEASES. KIDNEY FUNCTION. URINALYSIS. CHEMICAL-PHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF URINE. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF THE URINARY SEDIMENT. MICROBIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE. PANCREATIC ENZYMES AND PANCREATIC DIAGNOSIS. SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS OF DIABETES MELLITUS.

	Teaching Methods
	LECTURES, SEMINAR ACTIVITIES, EXERCISES

	Verification of learning
	Written and oral exam

	Texts
	TEXTBOOKS AND SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES INDICATED DURING THE CLASS. MICROBIOLOGIA MEDICA, BATTERIOLOGIA E VIROLOGIA, MARIA PIA CONTE E PAOLA MASTROMARINO. EDIZIONE ESCULAPIO. MACCARRONE, METODOLOGIE BIOCHIMICHE E BIOMOLECOLARI. STRUMENTI E TECNICHE PER IL LABORATORIO DEL NUOVO MILLENNIO. ZANICHELLI ED. AMALDI, BENEDETTI, PESOLE, PLEVANI, TECNICHE E METODI PER LA BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE. ZANICHELLI ED.

	More Information
	Particular attention will be devoted to the interplay with the other teachings of the course in order to guarantee an harmonious and non-redundant training

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Gianluigi FRANCI | BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF DIAGNOSTIC SCIENCES