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FUNDAMENTALS OF MATTER PHYSICS

Carmine ATTANASIO FUNDAMENTALS OF MATTER PHYSICS

0512600011
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS "E. R. CAIANIELLO"
EQF6
PHYSICS
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 3
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2017
SPRING SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
756LESSONS
224EXERCISES
CARMINE ATTANASIO T Curriculum
Objectives
THE COURSE IS INTENDED TO GIVE THE STUDENTS A BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF ATOMIC AND STATE SOLID PHYSICS SO THAT THEY CAN HANDLE BASIC PROBLEMS OF THE PHYSICS OF MANY-ELECTRON ATOMS AND THE PHYSICS OF THE SOLIDS.


KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
THE GOAL IS TO MAKE THE STUDENT ABLE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC PHYSICS, SPECTROSCOPY, AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS. DURING THE COURSE THE STUDENT WILL ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE IN THE FOLLOWING ARGUMENTS: ENERGY LEVELS OF THE ATOMS WITH TWO OR MORE ELECTRONS; CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SOLIDS, TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF THE METALS ALSO IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PERIODIC CRYSTALLINE FIELD. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METALS, INSULATORS AND SEMICONDUCTORS. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE ABOVE MATERIALS.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
AFTER THE COURSE, WITH THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED, THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO CALCULATE THE GROUND STATE ENERGY LEVELS OF ATOMS WITH TWO OR MORE ELECTRONS; TO EVALUATE FUNDAMENTAL QUANTITIES OF A METAL AND A SEMICONDUCTOR.
Prerequisites
KNOWLEDGE OF THE FOLLOWING TOPICS ARE REQUIRED: CLASSICAL PHYSICS (MECHANICS, THERMODINAMICS, ELECTROMAGNETISM, AND OPTICS); ANALITICAL MECHANINCS: QUANTUM PHYSICS (HYDROGEN ATOM); ELEMENTS OF CLASSICAL STATISTICAL MECHANICS.
Contents
ATOMIC PHYSICS

TWO-ELECTRON ATOMS. HAMILTONIAN OF A TWO-ELECTRON ATOM. SPIN WAVE FUNCTIONS AND TTHE ROLE OF THE PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE: PARA AND ORTHO STATES. ENERGY LEVELS OF A TWO-ELECTRON ATOM. GROUND STATE AND EXCITED STATES OF A TWO-ELECTRON ATOM. PROBLEMS. (7 HOURS LECTURES AND 1 HOURS PROBLEM SOLVING).
MANY ELECTRON ATOMS. THE CENTRAL FIELD APPROXIMATION. THE PERIODIC SYSTEM OF THE ELEMENTS. L-S COUPLING. J-J COUPLING. HUND RULES. (2 HOURS LECTURES).




SOLID STATE PHYSICS

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE. CRYSTAL LATTICES. RECIPROCAL LATTICE. BRILLOUIN ZONE.STRUTTURE CRISTALLINE. ESEMPI E TIPI DI RETICOLI CRISTALLINI. RETICOLO RECIPROCO. ZONE DI BRILLOUIN. BRAGG AND VON LAUE FORMULATION FOR THE X-RAY DIFFRACTION. PROBLEMS. (12 HOURS LECTURES AND 3 HOURS PROBLEM SOLVING).
DRUDE MODEL OF THE METALS DC AND AC CONDUCTIVITY OF A METAL. HALL EFFECT AND MAGNETORESISTANCE. THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. WIEDEMANN AND FRANZ LAW. PROBLEMS. (8 HOURS LECTURES AND 1 HOUR PROBLEM SOLVING).
THE SOMMERFELD THEORY OF METALS. DISTRIBUZIONE DI FERMI-DIRAC DISTRIBUTION. FREE ELECTRONS.THERMAL PROPERTIES OF A FREE ELECTRON GAS. ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC HEAT. PROBLEMS. (8 HOURS LECTURES AND 1 HOURS PROBLEM SOLVING).
SCHROEDINGER EQUATION FOR A PERIODIC POTENTIAL. BLOCH THEOREM. PERIODICITY IIN THE MOMENTUM SPACE. ENERGY BANDS. VAN HOVE SINGULARITIES. QUASI-FREE ELECTRONS. TIGHT-BINDING APPROXIMATION. PROBLEMS. (6 HOURS LECTURES AND 4 HOURS PROBLEM SOLVING).
THE SEMICLASSICAL MODEL. MOTION OF THE ELECTRONS IN THE BANDS AND THE EFFECTIVE MASS. CURRENTS IN THE BANDS AND HOLES. THE BOLTZMANN EQUATION AND THE RELAXATION TIME. PROBLEMS. (4 HOURS LECTURES AND 2 HOURS PROBLEM SOLVING).
SEMICONDUCTORS. THE BAND STRUCTURE OF SEMICONDUCTORS. INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUTORS. CARRIERS IN SEMICONDUCTORS. INHOMOGENEOUS SEMICONDUCTORS. EQUILIBRIUM PROPERTIES OF A P-N JUNCTION. I-V CHARACTERISTICS. MAGNETORESISTANCE FOR A TWO-CARRIER SYSTEM. PROBLEMS. (5 HOURS LECTURES AND 2 HOUR PROBLEM SOLVING).
OPTICAL PROPERTIES. PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY. KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS (4 HOURS LECTURES AND 1 HOUR PROBLEM SOLVING). OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS. PLASMA FREQUENCY. ANOMALOUS SKIN EFFECT. (4 HOURS LECTURES AND 1 HOUR PROBLEM SOLVING). OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS. OPTOELECTRONICS. LASER. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF INSULATORS. CLAUSIUS-MOSSOTTI REALATION. (4 HOURS LECTURES AND 1 HOUR PROBLEM SOLVING).
Teaching Methods
LECTURES ARE ORGANIZED IN 80 TEACHING HOURS BETWEEN LESSONS (7 CFU) AND PROBLEM SOLUTIONS (2 CFU). THEY ARE ORGANIZED IN THE FOLLOWING WAY: FOR ALL THE ARGUMENTS, AT THE END OF THE RESPECTIVE CYCLE OF LESSONS, SEVERAL PROBLEMS ON THE ARGUMENT WILL BE SOLVED IN THE CLASSROOM. THE TEACHER WILL PROPOSE THE FIRST EXAMPLES THEN THE STUDENTS WILL BE CALLED TO SHOW PROBLEMS SOLVED BY THEMSELVES. ALTHOUGH NOT MANDATORY, ATTENDING THE COURSE IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED.
Verification of learning
THE VERIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE LEARNING LEVEL OF THE STUDENT WILL BE DONE BY MEANS OF A FINAL EXAMINATION, WHICH CONSIST IN A WRITTEN TEST, BASED ON THE RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS, AND AN ORAL TEST. THE WRITTEN TEST, PREPARATORY TO THE ORAL TEST, HAS A TWO-HOUR DURATION. GENERALLY, THE STUDENT IS CALLED TO SOLVE ONE PROBLEM OF PHYSICS OF ATOMS AND TWO PROBLEMS OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS. EACH PROBLEM WILL EVALUATED ON THE SCALE OF TEN. THE MINIMUM GRADE TO PASS THE WRITTEN TEST IS 16/30. THE ORAL TEST CONSISTS OF QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION ON THE ARGUMENTS INDICATED IN THE PROGRAM AND DEVELOPED DURING THE LECTURES AND IT IS FINALIZED TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, CONSAPEABILITY, EXPOSURE CAPACITY AND SYNTHESIS OF THE STUDENT. THE FINAL GRADE IS GENERALLY DETERMINED BY THE AVERAGE OF THE VOTES OBTAINED IN THE TWO TESTS. THE MINIMUM GRADE TO PASS THE EXAM IS 18/30. IT WILL BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE STUDENTS WHO SHOW A REASONABLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ARGUMENTS. THE LAUDE MAY BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE STUDENTS WHO HAVE RECEIVED THE MAXIMUM VOTE OF 30/30 AND HAVE DEMONSTRATED THE CAPACITY TO INDEPENDENTLY APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE AND COMPETENCIES TO TOPICS PROPOSED IN CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE ADDRESSED DURING THE LECTURES.
Texts
1) B. B. BRANDSEN, C. J. JOACHAIN, PHYSICS OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES (LONGMAN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL, ESSEX, 1983).
2) N. W. ASHCROFT, N. D. MERMIN, SOLID STATE PHYSICS (SAUNDERS COLLEGE PUBLISHING, PHILADELPHIA, 1976).
3) EISBERG & RESNICK “QUANTUM PHYSICS OF ATOMS, MOLECULES, SOLIDS, NUCLEI, AD PARTICLES”
4) CHARLES KITTEL “INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE PHYSICS” (JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK, 2004)
5) H. IBACH, H. LUTH “SOLID-STATE PHYSICS” (SPRINGER, BERLIN, 1995).
6) M. P. MARDER "CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS" (JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK, 2010).
7) R. H. PATHRIA "STATISTICAL MECHANICS" (PERGAMON PRESS, OXFORD, 1985).
8) D. CHOWDHURY AND D.STAUFFER "PRINCIPLES OF EQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS" (JOHN WILEY & SONS, NEW YORK, 2000).
9) M. DRESSEL AND G. GRUNER, "ELECTRODYNAMICS OF SOLIDS. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRONS IN MATTER" (CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, 2002).
More Information
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