Nunziatina DE TOMMASI | PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY

cod. 0712100014

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY

	0712100014
	DIPARTIMENTO DI FARMACIA

	HERBAL SCIENCE
	2014/2015

PERCORSO COMUNE

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2010
	SECONDO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
1	FARMACOGNOSIA MODULO DI FARMACOGNOSIA E FITOCHIMICA
	BIO/15	5	40	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
2	FITOCHIMICA MODULO DI FARMACOGNOSIA E FITOCHIMICA
	BIO/15	5	40	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	SONIA PIACENTE1 T Curriculum
	NUNZIATINA DE TOMMASI2 Curriculum

	Objectives
	THIS COURSE IS AIMED AT PROVIDING THE STUDENTS WITH A RATIONAL AND LOGICAL BIOSYNTHETIC APPROACH TO CLASSIFY HERBAL DRUGS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF PLANT ORIGIN AND OF INTEREST FOR THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, TO DESCRIBE THE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AND THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN CLASSES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS TO MOLECULES OF PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC AND COSMETIC VALUE. THE STUDENT HAS TO DEMONSTRATE TO KNOW THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF HERBAL DRUGS, FACTORS OF VARIABILITY, METHODS OF CONSERVATION AND EXTRACTION. FOR EACH HERBAL DRUG, PLANT SOURCE, MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS, CONSTITUENTS, BIOACTIVITY AND THERAPEUTIC USES HAVE TO BE KNOWN.STUDENTS SHOULD HAVE DEVELOPED A KNOWLEDGE BASE TO SUPPORT LIFELONG INTEREST AND LEARNING IN HERBAL DRUGS AND PLANT BIOACTIVE MOLECULES AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ASK QUESTIONS, DEVELOP HYPOTHESES, DESIGN OBSERVATIONS. TO TRAIN THE STUDENT TO DEVELOP AND USE THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT, THE INTERACTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISCUSSION WITH THE TEACHER AND, ABOVE ALL, WITH THE OTHER STUDENTS, WILL BE USED. DURING THIS COURSE THE SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION BETWEEN STUDENTS WILL BE IMPLEMENTED SINCE IT PRODUCES POSITIVE MECHANISMS STIMULATING LEARNING, AND DEVELOPING THE ABILITY OF INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT. ON SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THIS COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO PRESENT AND JUSTIFY THE MEDICINAL USE OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN A FORMAL DISCUSSION, AND THE USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM NATURAL ORIGIN AS MEDICINES OR HEALTH-PROMOTING AGENTS. THEY WILL BE THOROUGHLY FAMILIAR WITH THE NATURAL COMPOUNDS AND REMEDIES AND WILL RESPOND CONFIDENTLY TO QUESTIONS CONCERNING THIS FIELD. THE TEACHING OF THE COURSE, WHICH COMBINES THE KNOWLEDGE OF HERBAL DRUGS AND PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES CHEMISTRY WITH AN APPROPRIATE SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE, DEVELOPS LOGIC SKILLS AND CREATES THE MOTIVATIONS THAT CAN STIMULATE AND MAKE LEARNING THE BASICS OF THE LANGUAGE OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. THE STUDENTS WILL BE TRAINED TO USE AND CARRY OUT THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AS A FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISM FOR CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND SOLVING SPECIFIC PROBLEMS, AND TO EVOLVE THEIR JUDGMENTS, AS WELL AS THE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ACQUIRED.

THIS COURSE IS AIMED AT PROVIDING THE STUDENTS WITH A RATIONAL AND LOGICAL BIOSYNTHETIC APPROACH TO CLASSIFY HERBAL DRUGS AND SECONDARY METABOLITES OF PLANT ORIGIN AND OF INTEREST FOR THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, TO DESCRIBE THE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS AND THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN CLASSES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES, WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS TO MOLECULES OF PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC AND COSMETIC VALUE. THE STUDENT HAS TO DEMONSTRATE TO KNOW THE BASIC CRITERIA FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF HERBAL DRUGS, FACTORS OF VARIABILITY, METHODS OF CONSERVATION AND EXTRACTION. FOR EACH HERBAL DRUG, PLANT SOURCE, MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS, CONSTITUENTS, BIOACTIVITY AND THERAPEUTIC USES HAVE TO BE KNOWN.STUDENTS SHOULD HAVE DEVELOPED A KNOWLEDGE BASE TO SUPPORT LIFELONG INTEREST AND LEARNING IN HERBAL DRUGS AND PLANT BIOACTIVE MOLECULES AND SHOULD BE ABLE TO: ASK QUESTIONS, DEVELOP HYPOTHESES, DESIGN OBSERVATIONS.
TO TRAIN THE STUDENT TO DEVELOP AND USE THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT, THE INTERACTIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISCUSSION WITH THE TEACHER AND, ABOVE ALL, WITH THE OTHER STUDENTS, WILL BE USED. DURING THIS COURSE THE SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION BETWEEN STUDENTS WILL BE IMPLEMENTED SINCE IT PRODUCES POSITIVE MECHANISMS STIMULATING LEARNING, AND DEVELOPING THE ABILITY OF INDEPENDENT JUDGMENT.
ON SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THIS COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO PRESENT AND JUSTIFY THE MEDICINAL USE OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS IN A FORMAL DISCUSSION, AND THE USE OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM NATURAL ORIGIN AS MEDICINES OR HEALTH-PROMOTING AGENTS. THEY WILL BE THOROUGHLY FAMILIAR WITH THE NATURAL COMPOUNDS AND REMEDIES AND WILL RESPOND CONFIDENTLY TO QUESTIONS CONCERNING THIS FIELD.
THE TEACHING OF THE COURSE, WHICH COMBINES THE KNOWLEDGE OF HERBAL DRUGS AND PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES CHEMISTRY WITH AN APPROPRIATE SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE, DEVELOPS LOGIC SKILLS AND CREATES THE MOTIVATIONS THAT CAN STIMULATE AND MAKE LEARNING THE BASICS OF THE LANGUAGE OF PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY. THE STUDENTS WILL BE TRAINED TO USE AND CARRY OUT THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AS A FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISM FOR CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND SOLVING SPECIFIC PROBLEMS, AND TO EVOLVE THEIR JUDGMENTS, AS WELL AS THE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ACQUIRED.

	Prerequisites
	PLANT BIOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY,ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, AND BIOCHEMISTRY

	Contents
	DEFINITION OF PHARMACOGNOSY, HERBAL DRUG AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLE; PLANT NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY. PLANTS AND THEIR STRUCTURES. ORGANIZED AND NOT ORGANIZED HERBAL DRUGS. EXTRACTIVE METHODS. CONSERVATION, STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF HERBAL DRUGS AND DERIVED PREPARATIONS. ELEMENTS OF QUALITY CONTROL. FOR EACH HERBAL DRUG: BOTANICAL SOURCE, MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS, QUALI-QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL PROFILE, BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, THERAPEUTIC USES. HERBAL DRUGS EMPLOYED FOR THEIR CONTENT IN CARBOHYDRATES, TERPENOIDS AND STEROIDS; ESSENTIAL OILS; RESINS AND GUMS, SAPONINS, CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS, PHENOLS, TANNINS, FLAVONOIDS, COUMARINS, LIGNANS. ANTRAQUINONES. DRUGS EMPLOYED FOR THEIR CONTENT IN ALKALOIDS. MAIN METABOLIC PATHWAYS OF PRIMARY METABOLISM, THE INTERCONNECTION OF METABOLISMS, THE ACTIVATION OF SECONDARY METABOLISM. DEFINITION AND SYSTEMATIC OF SECONDARY METABOLITES (MS). METHODOLOGIES APPLIED TO STUDY THE SECONDARY METABOLITES PATHWAY. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF CARBOHYDRATES: MONOSACCARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, POLISACCHARIDES, STARCH. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF SHIKIMATE. (PHENOLS, POLYPHENOLS, COUMARINS, PHENYLPROPANOIDS. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF ACETATE. POLYKETIDES AND FLAVONOIDS. THE SYNTHESIS OF IPP (ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE) IN THE CYTOSOL AND PLASTID. THE ROLE OF TERPENOIDS IN PLANT DEFENSE. TERPENOIDS: LOCALIZATION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF STEROLS, STEROIDAL AND TERPENOID SAPONINS THE ALKALOIDS BIOSYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONAL CLUSTERS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. ALKALOIDS DERIVING FROM ORNITINE, LISINE, PHENYLALANINE, TYROXINE, AND TRYPTOFANE.

Contents

DEFINITION OF PHARMACOGNOSY, HERBAL DRUG AND ACTIVE PRINCIPLE; PLANT NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY. PLANTS AND THEIR STRUCTURES. ORGANIZED AND NOT ORGANIZED HERBAL DRUGS. EXTRACTIVE METHODS. CONSERVATION, STABILITY AND VARIABILITY OF HERBAL DRUGS AND DERIVED PREPARATIONS. ELEMENTS OF QUALITY CONTROL. FOR EACH HERBAL DRUG: BOTANICAL SOURCE, MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS, QUALI-QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL PROFILE, BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY, THERAPEUTIC USES. HERBAL DRUGS EMPLOYED FOR THEIR CONTENT IN CARBOHYDRATES, TERPENOIDS AND STEROIDS; ESSENTIAL OILS; RESINS AND GUMS, SAPONINS, CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS, PHENOLS, TANNINS, FLAVONOIDS, COUMARINS, LIGNANS. ANTRAQUINONES. DRUGS EMPLOYED FOR THEIR CONTENT IN ALKALOIDS.
MAIN METABOLIC PATHWAYS OF PRIMARY METABOLISM, THE INTERCONNECTION OF METABOLISMS, THE ACTIVATION OF SECONDARY METABOLISM. DEFINITION AND SYSTEMATIC OF SECONDARY METABOLITES (MS). METHODOLOGIES APPLIED TO STUDY THE SECONDARY METABOLITES PATHWAY. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF CARBOHYDRATES: MONOSACCARIDES, DISACCHARIDES, POLISACCHARIDES, STARCH. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF SHIKIMATE. (PHENOLS, POLYPHENOLS, COUMARINS, PHENYLPROPANOIDS. BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY OF ACETATE. POLYKETIDES AND FLAVONOIDS. THE SYNTHESIS OF IPP (ISOPENTENYL PYROPHOSPHATE) IN THE CYTOSOL AND PLASTID. THE ROLE OF TERPENOIDS IN PLANT DEFENSE. TERPENOIDS: LOCALIZATION, BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF STEROLS, STEROIDAL AND TERPENOID SAPONINS THE ALKALOIDS BIOSYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONAL CLUSTERS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY. ALKALOIDS DERIVING FROM ORNITINE, LISINE, PHENYLALANINE, TYROXINE, AND TRYPTOFANE.

	Teaching Methods
	LECTURES, SEMINARS, TUTORIALS

	Verification of learning
	WRITTEN EXAMINATION REGARDING THE MAIN LEARNING OUTCOMES. ORAL EXAMINATION. THE STUDENT WILL DISCUSS THE MAIN TOPICS OF THE COURSE, TRYING TO DEMONSTRATE CRITICAL THOUGHT AND AWARENESS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE FIELD OF STUDY.

	Texts
	DEWICK PAUL M., CHIMICA, BIOSINTESI E BIOATTIVITÀ DELLE SOSTANZE NATURALI 2/ED.- EDIZIONE ITALIANA A CURA DI ERNESTO FATTORUSSO [DEWICK - PICCIN EDITORE] MANN J. CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS, CHEMISTRY PRIMERS, OXFORD. G. SAMUELSSON FARMACOGNOSIA - FARMACI DI ORIGINE NATURALE. SECONDA EDIZIONE ITALIANA A CURA DI: F. CAPASSO, R. DE PASQUALE, I. MORELLI, CASA EDITRICE EMSI, ROMA. F. CAPASSO, R. DE PASQUALE, G. GRANDOLINI, N. MASCOLO. FARMACOGNOSIA: FARMACI NATURALI, LORO PREPARAZIONI ED IMPIEGO TERAPEUTICO, CASA EDITRICE: SPRINGER-VERLAG

Texts

DEWICK PAUL M., CHIMICA, BIOSINTESI E BIOATTIVITÀ DELLE SOSTANZE NATURALI 2/ED.- EDIZIONE ITALIANA A CURA DI ERNESTO FATTORUSSO [DEWICK - PICCIN EDITORE]
MANN J. CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BIOSYNTHESIS, CHEMISTRY PRIMERS, OXFORD.
G. SAMUELSSON FARMACOGNOSIA - FARMACI DI ORIGINE NATURALE. SECONDA EDIZIONE ITALIANA A CURA DI: F. CAPASSO, R. DE PASQUALE, I. MORELLI, CASA EDITRICE EMSI, ROMA.
F. CAPASSO, R. DE PASQUALE, G. GRANDOLINI, N. MASCOLO.
FARMACOGNOSIA: FARMACI NATURALI, LORO PREPARAZIONI ED IMPIEGO TERAPEUTICO, CASA EDITRICE: SPRINGER-VERLAG

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