Roberto PANTANI | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

cod. 0612200009

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

	0612200009
	DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA INDUSTRIALE

	CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
	2015/2016

CURRICULUM INGEGNERIA ALIMENTARE

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2012
	PRIMO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ING-IND/24	12	120	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	ROBERTO PANTANI T Curriculum
	FRANCESCO MARRA Curriculum

	Objectives
	THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE-TOOLS NEEDED FOR THE UNDERSTANDING AND THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF: PVT (PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE) PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES, MATERIAL BALANCES, ENERGY BALANCES, THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS OF PHASES, THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS, COMPOSITIONS OF SYSTEMS WITH CHEMICAL REACTIONS THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: IDENTIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS THAT ALLOW THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA INVOLVED IN THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING ANY NUMBER CHEMICAL SPECIES. THE COURSE PROVIDES TO STUDENTS THE BASIC TOOLS TO ACCESS THE COURSES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING ANALYSIS: STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO TO UNDERSTAND AND USE THE MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL TOOLS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVING THE THERMODYNAMIC CHANGES. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING DESIGN STUDENTS WILL LEARN THE BASICS OF ENGINEERING DESIGN CONCERNING IDEAL ENGINES AND REFRIGERATORS AND WILL OBTAIN THE KNOW HOW TO MAXIMIZE A REACTION COORDINARE MAKING JUDGMENTS - ENGINEERING PRACTICE: THE STUDENT WILL DEVELOPTHE ABILITY TO PERFORM THE CHOICES REGARDING THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE TYPE OF THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM FOR A PROPER DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES IN TERMS OF MASS AND ENERGY. COMMUNICATION SKILLS – TRANSVERSAL SKILLS: THE STUDENT WILL LEARN THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND THE ABILITY TO DESCRIBE A PROCESS FROM THE THERMODYNAMIC POINT OF VIEW; THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE FLOW LINES OF ENERGY AND MASS FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND TO MOTIVATE THE CHOICES MADE. LEARNING SKILLS – TRANSVERSAL SKILLS: THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY HIS KNOWLEDGE OF THERMODINAMIC SYSTEMS TO CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE. LEARNING SKILLS – INVESTIGATION SKILLS THE STUDENTS WILL HAVE THE BASIS TO DEEPEN HIS KNOWLEDGE IN DIFFERENT FIELDS, THANKS TO THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND LANGUAGE AQUIRED

THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE-TOOLS NEEDED FOR THE UNDERSTANDING AND THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF: PVT (PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE) PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES, MATERIAL BALANCES, ENERGY BALANCES, THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS OF PHASES, THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS, COMPOSITIONS OF SYSTEMS WITH CHEMICAL REACTIONS THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
IDENTIFICATION OF THE ELEMENTS THAT ALLOW THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA INVOLVED IN THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING ANY NUMBER CHEMICAL SPECIES. THE COURSE PROVIDES TO STUDENTS THE BASIC TOOLS TO ACCESS THE COURSES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING ANALYSIS:
STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO TO UNDERSTAND AND USE THE MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL TOOLS FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVING THE THERMODYNAMIC CHANGES.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING DESIGN
STUDENTS WILL LEARN THE BASICS OF ENGINEERING DESIGN CONCERNING IDEAL ENGINES AND REFRIGERATORS AND WILL OBTAIN THE KNOW HOW TO MAXIMIZE A REACTION COORDINARE

MAKING JUDGMENTS - ENGINEERING PRACTICE:
THE STUDENT WILL DEVELOPTHE ABILITY TO PERFORM THE CHOICES REGARDING THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE TYPE OF THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM FOR A PROPER DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENA INVOLVED IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES IN TERMS OF MASS AND ENERGY.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS – TRANSVERSAL SKILLS:
THE STUDENT WILL LEARN THE LANGUAGE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND THE ABILITY TO DESCRIBE A PROCESS FROM THE THERMODYNAMIC POINT OF VIEW; THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THE FLOW LINES OF ENERGY AND MASS FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSES AND TO MOTIVATE THE CHOICES MADE.
LEARNING SKILLS – TRANSVERSAL SKILLS:
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY HIS KNOWLEDGE OF THERMODINAMIC SYSTEMS TO CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE.

LEARNING SKILLS – INVESTIGATION SKILLS
THE STUDENTS WILL HAVE THE BASIS TO DEEPEN HIS KNOWLEDGE IN DIFFERENT FIELDS, THANKS TO THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND LANGUAGE AQUIRED

	Prerequisites
	FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF COURSES' GOALS, THE KNOWLEDGE OF CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS AND MATH CALCULATIONS IS REQUIRED.

	Contents
	1) INTRODUCTION, UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY. THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM, THE ANGLO-SAXON SYSTEM, UNITS IN COMMON USE. THE CONCEPT OF THE MOLE. THE MAIN UNITS OF CONCENTRATION: MOLAR FRACTIONS, FRACTIONS AND VOLUMETRIC MASS, PARTS PER MILLION, THE PARTIAL PRESSURES. 2) THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF BALANCE EQUATION AND THE MASS BALANCE. MASS BALANCE OF CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS IN THE ABSENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE TERM ACCUMULATION. THE MASS BALANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: SEPARATORS AND MIXERS. RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS. THE CHEMICAL REACTION, STOICHIOMETRIC NUMBERS, THE DEGREE OF ADVANCEMENT, LIMITING REAGENT. YIELD OF THE REACTION. MASS BALANCE OF REACTIVE SYSTEMS. 3) ENERGY BALANCE: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE ENERGY BALANCE OF OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEMS. STATE VARIABLES. THE INTERNAL ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE ENTHALPY. THE SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE AND CONSTANT VOLUME. 4) VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES. PHASE TRANSITIONS: SOLID-LIQUID AND LIQUID-GAS. PLANES P-V AND T-V. THE IDEAL GAS EQUATION, CUBIC EQUATIONS. NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS. PRINCIPLE OF CORRESPONDING STATES, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AND ACENTRIC FACTOR. 5) THERMAL EFFECTS LINKED TO TRANSFORMATIONS. SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT, CALCULATION OF VAPOR PRESSURES AND LATENT HEATS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE. ENERGY BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEMS. STANDARD HEATS OF FORMATION. TABLES AND CHARTS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. INTERPOLATIONS. THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS OF REACTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST. 6) THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. ENTROPY. STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW. LOST WORK. GIBBS FREE ENERGY. HEAT ENGINES. THE CARNOT MACHINE AND THE CARNOT CYCLE. REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT. 7) THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES: MAXWELL RELATIONS. PROPERTIES REMAINING. MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND DIAGRAMS TERMODIMANICI. EQUATIONS, CLAPEYRON AND CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION. 8) THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXTURES. PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES, THE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL, GIBBS THEOREM, MIXTURES OF IDEAL GASES AND IDEAL MIXTURES. PROPERTIES OF EXCESS. 9) PHYSICAL BALANCE FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS. IDEAL MIXTURES AND RAOULT'S LAW. DEVIATIONS FROM IDEALITY AND HENRY'S LAW. RAOULT'S LAW GENERALIZED. CALCULATIONS FOR IDEAL AND REAL SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT. EQUATIONS OF MARGULES, VAN LAAR AND WILSON. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES BASED ON BALANCE. FLASH CALCULATIONS FOR BINARY SYSTEMS. AZEOTROPES. THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXING. ENTHALPY-COMPOSITION DIAGRAMS. MISCIBILITY AND IMMISCIBILITY, MISCIBILITY GAPS. CALCULATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF REAL SOLUTIONS AND POINTS OF AZEOTROPE. TERNARY DIAGRAMS. 10) COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. BOILING POINT ELEVATION. FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION. OSMOTIC PRESSURE. THE LAW OF VAN'T HOFF. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS BY OSMOTIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS. 11) CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. GENERAL CRITERION OF THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS. STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF FORMATION AND VARIATION OF THE STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF REACTION. THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT, EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT. CALCULATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION. REACTION COORDINATE AND REACTION RATE. CALCULATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR GASEOUS SYSTEMS, AND FOR LIQUID SYSTEMS SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

Contents

1) INTRODUCTION, UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY.
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM, THE ANGLO-SAXON SYSTEM, UNITS IN COMMON USE. THE CONCEPT OF THE MOLE. THE MAIN UNITS OF CONCENTRATION: MOLAR FRACTIONS, FRACTIONS AND VOLUMETRIC MASS, PARTS PER MILLION, THE PARTIAL PRESSURES.

2) THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF BALANCE EQUATION AND THE MASS BALANCE.
MASS BALANCE OF CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS IN THE ABSENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE TERM ACCUMULATION. THE MASS BALANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: SEPARATORS AND MIXERS. RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS. THE CHEMICAL REACTION, STOICHIOMETRIC NUMBERS, THE DEGREE OF ADVANCEMENT, LIMITING REAGENT. YIELD OF THE REACTION. MASS BALANCE OF REACTIVE SYSTEMS.

3) ENERGY BALANCE: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
THE ENERGY BALANCE OF OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEMS. STATE VARIABLES.
THE INTERNAL ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE ENTHALPY. THE SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE AND CONSTANT VOLUME.

4) VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES.
PHASE TRANSITIONS: SOLID-LIQUID AND LIQUID-GAS. PLANES P-V AND T-V. THE IDEAL GAS EQUATION, CUBIC EQUATIONS. NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS. PRINCIPLE OF CORRESPONDING STATES, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AND ACENTRIC FACTOR.

5) THERMAL EFFECTS LINKED TO TRANSFORMATIONS.
SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT, CALCULATION OF VAPOR PRESSURES AND LATENT HEATS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE. ENERGY BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEMS. STANDARD HEATS OF FORMATION. TABLES AND CHARTS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. INTERPOLATIONS. THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS OF REACTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST.

6) THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
ENTROPY. STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW. LOST WORK. GIBBS FREE ENERGY. HEAT ENGINES. THE CARNOT MACHINE AND THE CARNOT CYCLE. REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT.

7) THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS.
FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES: MAXWELL RELATIONS. PROPERTIES REMAINING. MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND DIAGRAMS TERMODIMANICI. EQUATIONS, CLAPEYRON AND CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION.

8) THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXTURES.
PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES, THE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL, GIBBS THEOREM, MIXTURES OF IDEAL GASES AND IDEAL MIXTURES. PROPERTIES OF EXCESS.

9) PHYSICAL BALANCE FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS.
IDEAL MIXTURES AND RAOULT'S LAW. DEVIATIONS FROM IDEALITY AND HENRY'S LAW. RAOULT'S LAW GENERALIZED. CALCULATIONS FOR IDEAL AND REAL SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT. EQUATIONS OF MARGULES, VAN LAAR AND WILSON. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES BASED ON BALANCE. FLASH CALCULATIONS FOR BINARY SYSTEMS. AZEOTROPES. THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXING. ENTHALPY-COMPOSITION DIAGRAMS. MISCIBILITY AND IMMISCIBILITY, MISCIBILITY GAPS. CALCULATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF REAL SOLUTIONS AND POINTS OF AZEOTROPE. TERNARY DIAGRAMS.

10) COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES.
BOILING POINT ELEVATION. FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION. OSMOTIC PRESSURE. THE LAW OF VAN'T HOFF. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS BY OSMOTIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS.

11) CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM.
GENERAL CRITERION OF THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS. STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF FORMATION AND VARIATION OF THE STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF REACTION. THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT, EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT. CALCULATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION. REACTION COORDINATE AND REACTION RATE. CALCULATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR GASEOUS SYSTEMS, AND FOR LIQUID SYSTEMS SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE COVERS LECTURES AND CLASSROOM EXERCISES. IN CLASSROOM EXERCISES ARE PRESENTED SIMPLE PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED ANALYTICALLY OR BY NUMERICAL METHODS. THE LECTURE NOTES AND SOME EXERCISES CARRIED OUT WILL BE AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE WWW.POLYMERTECHNOLOGY.IT

	Verification of learning
	THE ASSESSMENT OF THE GOALS' ACHIEVEMENT WILL BE DONE THROUGH A WRITTEN TEST AND ORAL INTERVIEW.

	Texts
	FONDAMENTI DI TERMODINAMICA DELL’INGEGNERIA CHIMICA, ROTA R., CASA EDITRICE PITAGORA (2004) INTRODUCTION TO CHEM. ENG. THERMODYNAMICS - JM SMITH, HC VAN NESS, MCGRAW-HILL (2005) PERRY'S CHEMICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

	More Information
	MORE INFO ARE AVAILABLE AT HTTP://WWW.POLYMERTECHNOLOGY.IT/DIDACTIC.HTM

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Roberto PANTANI | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS