Antonio CAPOLUPO | PHYSICS I

cod. 0512400011

PHYSICS I

	0512400011
	DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY "ADOLFO ZAMBELLI"
	EQF6
	CHEMISTRY
	2022/2023

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	SPRING SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
FIS/01	5	40	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
FIS/01	2	24	EXERCISES	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
FIS/01	2	24	LAB	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

PROFESSORS

	ANTONIO CAPOLUPO T Curriculum
	CARLO BARONE Curriculum

	Objectives
	THE TEACHING IS A FIRST EXPOSURE TO MECHANICS AND GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND AIMS TO FAMILIARIZE THE STUDENTS WITH THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD, TO PRACTICE THEIR ANALYTIC THINKING ABILITY, TO DEVELOP THE MATHEMATICAL SKILLS FOR PHYSICS PROBLEMS SOLVING AND TO PROVIDE THEM WITH CONCEPTS THAT, ALTHOUGH RELATED TO CINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES AND RIGID BODIES, ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO ANY SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE. THE BASIC OF THE THEORY OF ERRORS, OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS, OF THE COMBINATORIAL CALCULUS, OF THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS, AND OF THE STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS WILL ALSO BE PROVIDED. THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED FROM THIS TEACHING INCLUDES: • QUANTITIES AND TECHNIQUES TO DESCRIBE THE MOTION OF A PARTICLE IN ONE OR MORE DIMENSIONS; • BASICS OF VECTOR, DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS; • THE CONCEPT OF FORCE AND THE MAIN TYPES OF FORCES; • THE PRINCIPLES OF THE DYNAMICS; • CONCEPTS SUCH AS ENERGY, MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM; • USAGE OF CONSERVATION LAW; • CONCEPTS AND QUANTITIES RELATED TO THE SYSTEMS OF MANY PARTICLES; • FUNDAMENTALS OF CINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF THE RIGID BODY; • FUNDAMENTALS OF STATICS; • PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND PHENOMENA OF FLUIDS’ STATICS AND DYNAMICS; • UNDERSTANDING OSCILLATION RELATED PHENOMENA; • GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND OPTICAL TOOLS, SUCH AS MIRRORS AND LENSES. THE MAIN SKILLS (I.E. THE ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE) DEVELOPED BY THIS TEACHING ARE: • ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE PARAMETERS TO DESCRIBE MECHANICS-RELATED PHYSICAL PHENOMENON; • ABILITY TO SOLVE CINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC PROBLEMS BY USING VECTORS AND CALCULUS; • CAPABILITY TO EXPLOIT CONSERVATION LAWS TO UNDERSTAND AND SOLVE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS; • ABILITY TO DESCRIBE AND EXPLOIT PHENOMENA CONNECTED TO FLUIDS STILL OR IN MOTION; • UNDERSTANDING AND DESCRIBING OSCILLATIONS; • ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL TOOLS; • ABILITY TO COMBINE DATA AND CONCEPTS TO SOLVE KINEMATICS, DYNAMIC OR GEOMETRICAL OPTICS PROBLEMS; • ABILITY TO PRESENT IN A CLEAR END RIGOROUS WAY ANY TOPIC STUDIED IN THE COURSE. • THE COMPETENCE IN PERFORMING SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS OF PHYSICS, BEING ABLE TO EVALUATE AND TREAT APPROPRIATELY THE ERRORS AND TO ANALYSE WITH A STATISTICAL APPROACH THE OBTAINED EXPERIMENTAL DATA.

THE TEACHING IS A FIRST EXPOSURE TO MECHANICS AND GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND AIMS TO FAMILIARIZE THE STUDENTS WITH THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD, TO PRACTICE THEIR ANALYTIC THINKING ABILITY, TO DEVELOP THE MATHEMATICAL SKILLS FOR PHYSICS PROBLEMS SOLVING AND TO PROVIDE THEM WITH CONCEPTS THAT, ALTHOUGH RELATED TO CINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF PARTICLES AND RIGID BODIES, ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO ANY SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINE.
THE BASIC OF THE THEORY OF ERRORS, OF THE EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS, OF THE COMBINATORIAL CALCULUS, OF THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS, AND OF THE STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESULTS OF THE
MEASUREMENTS WILL ALSO BE PROVIDED.

THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED FROM THIS TEACHING INCLUDES:
• QUANTITIES AND TECHNIQUES TO DESCRIBE THE MOTION OF A PARTICLE IN ONE OR MORE DIMENSIONS;
• BASICS OF VECTOR, DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL CALCULUS;
• THE CONCEPT OF FORCE AND THE MAIN TYPES OF FORCES;
• THE PRINCIPLES OF THE DYNAMICS;
• CONCEPTS SUCH AS ENERGY, MOMENTUM AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM;
• USAGE OF CONSERVATION LAW;
• CONCEPTS AND QUANTITIES RELATED TO THE SYSTEMS OF MANY PARTICLES;
• FUNDAMENTALS OF CINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF THE RIGID BODY;
• FUNDAMENTALS OF STATICS;
• PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND PHENOMENA OF FLUIDS’ STATICS AND DYNAMICS;
• UNDERSTANDING OSCILLATION RELATED PHENOMENA;
• GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND OPTICAL TOOLS, SUCH AS MIRRORS AND LENSES.
THE MAIN SKILLS (I.E. THE ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE) DEVELOPED BY THIS TEACHING ARE:
• ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE PARAMETERS TO DESCRIBE MECHANICS-RELATED PHYSICAL PHENOMENON;
• ABILITY TO SOLVE CINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC PROBLEMS BY USING VECTORS AND CALCULUS;
• CAPABILITY TO EXPLOIT CONSERVATION LAWS TO UNDERSTAND AND SOLVE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS;
• ABILITY TO DESCRIBE AND EXPLOIT PHENOMENA CONNECTED TO FLUIDS STILL OR IN MOTION;
• UNDERSTANDING AND DESCRIBING OSCILLATIONS;
• ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL TOOLS;
• ABILITY TO COMBINE DATA AND CONCEPTS TO SOLVE KINEMATICS, DYNAMIC OR GEOMETRICAL OPTICS
PROBLEMS;
• ABILITY TO PRESENT IN A CLEAR END RIGOROUS WAY ANY TOPIC STUDIED IN THE COURSE.
• THE COMPETENCE IN PERFORMING SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS OF PHYSICS, BEING ABLE TO EVALUATE AND TREAT APPROPRIATELY THE ERRORS AND TO ANALYSE WITH A STATISTICAL APPROACH THE OBTAINED EXPERIMENTAL DATA.

	Prerequisites
	THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC NOTIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY, ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY AND MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE FUNCTIONS OF ONE VARIABLE IS REQUIRED.

	Contents
	1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. VECTOR ALGEBRA. KINEMATICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT: POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, SPEED, ACCELERATION, THE LOWS OF MOTION, MOTIONS IN A STRAIGHT LINE, PROJECTILE MOTION, CIRCULAR MOTION (14 HOURS ). 2. DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT: INERTIA PRINCIPLE, INERTIAL AND NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS. SECOND LAW OF DYNAMICS, QUANTITY OF MOTION, IMPULSE, WEIGHT FORCE, FRICTION, TENSION, VINCOLAR REACTIONS, ELASTIC FORCES AND LINEAR HARMONIC OSCILLATOR, KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK, CONSERVATIVE FORCES, POTENTIAL ENERGY, CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND MOMENTUM OF A FORCE (20 HOURS ). 3. DYNAMICS OF MATERIAL POINT SYSTEMS: ACTION AND REACTION PRINCIPLE, PAIR OF FORCES, CARDINAL EQUATIONS OF DYNAMICS, CONSERVATION OF THE QUANTITY OF MOTION AND OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM, MASS CENTER, THEOREM OF MASS CENTER, COLLISIONS (10 HOURS ). 4. RIGID BODIES: MOMENTUM OF INERTIA, HUYGENS-STEINER THEOREM, KINETIC ENERGY, ANGULAR MOMENT AND EQUATION OF THE MOTION OF A RIGID BODY ROTATING AROUND A FIXED AXIS, STATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS, EQUILIBRIUM UNDER THE ACTION OF THE GRAVITY, GRAVITATION (16 HOURS). 5. PHASES OF MATTER. PRESSURE IN FLUIDS. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND RELATIVE PRESSURE. PRINCIPLE OF PASCAL. PRINCIPLE OF ARCHIMEDE. CAPACITY AND EQUATION OF CONTINUITY. BERNOULLI EQUATION (2 HOURS). 6. GEOMETRIC OPTICS. RAYS OF LIGHT. REFLECTION. PLAN AND SPHERICAL MIRRORS. REFRACTION INDEX. SNELL'S LAW. TOTAL REFLECTION. OPTICAL FIBERS. THIN LENSES. THE EQUATION OF THIN LENSES. COMBINATION OF LENSES. MICROSCOPE. TELESCOPE (2 HOURS). 7. INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF ERRORS. EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS. COMBINATORIAL CALCULUS. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS (16 HOURS). 8. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (8 HOURS).

Contents

1. SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT. VECTOR ALGEBRA. KINEMATICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT: POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, SPEED, ACCELERATION, THE LOWS OF MOTION, MOTIONS IN A STRAIGHT LINE, PROJECTILE MOTION, CIRCULAR MOTION (14 HOURS ).

2. DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT: INERTIA PRINCIPLE, INERTIAL AND NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS. SECOND LAW OF DYNAMICS, QUANTITY OF MOTION, IMPULSE, WEIGHT FORCE, FRICTION, TENSION, VINCOLAR REACTIONS, ELASTIC FORCES AND LINEAR HARMONIC OSCILLATOR, KINETIC ENERGY AND WORK, CONSERVATIVE FORCES, POTENTIAL ENERGY, CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND MOMENTUM OF A FORCE (20 HOURS ).

3. DYNAMICS OF MATERIAL POINT SYSTEMS: ACTION AND REACTION PRINCIPLE, PAIR OF FORCES, CARDINAL EQUATIONS OF DYNAMICS, CONSERVATION OF THE QUANTITY OF MOTION AND OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM, MASS CENTER, THEOREM OF MASS CENTER, COLLISIONS (10 HOURS ).

4. RIGID BODIES: MOMENTUM OF INERTIA, HUYGENS-STEINER THEOREM, KINETIC ENERGY, ANGULAR MOMENT AND EQUATION OF THE MOTION OF A RIGID BODY ROTATING AROUND A FIXED AXIS, STATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM CONDITIONS, EQUILIBRIUM UNDER THE ACTION OF THE GRAVITY, GRAVITATION (16 HOURS).

5. PHASES OF MATTER. PRESSURE IN FLUIDS. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE AND RELATIVE PRESSURE. PRINCIPLE OF PASCAL. PRINCIPLE OF ARCHIMEDE. CAPACITY AND EQUATION OF CONTINUITY. BERNOULLI EQUATION (2 HOURS).

6. GEOMETRIC OPTICS. RAYS OF LIGHT. REFLECTION. PLAN AND SPHERICAL MIRRORS. REFRACTION INDEX. SNELL'S LAW. TOTAL REFLECTION. OPTICAL FIBERS. THIN LENSES. THE EQUATION OF THIN LENSES. COMBINATION OF LENSES. MICROSCOPE. TELESCOPE (2 HOURS).

7. INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF ERRORS. EXPERIMENTAL DATA ANALYSIS. COMBINATORIAL CALCULUS. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF THE RESULTS OF THE MEASUREMENTS (16 HOURS).

8. LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (8 HOURS).

	Teaching Methods
	THE TEACHING PROVIDES A TOTAL OF 88 HOURS OF LESSONS, CORRESPONDING TO 9 CFU. THESE HOURS ARE DISTRIBUTED IN 64 HOURS (CORRESPONDING TO 7 CFU) OF FRONTAL LESSONS AND 24 HOURS (2CFU) OF LABORATORY ACTIVITY. ABOUT THE HALF OF THE FRONTAL LESSONS, FOCUSED ON THE THEORY, WILL BE AIMED AT THE LEARNING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS. THE REMAINING PART WILL BE MORE FOCUSED ON THE EXERCISES AND WILL HAVE THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATING PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND OF DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES FOR RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS OF MECHANICS AND GEOMETRIC OPTICAL THROUGH THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS.

Teaching Methods

THE TEACHING PROVIDES A TOTAL OF 88 HOURS OF LESSONS, CORRESPONDING TO 9 CFU. THESE HOURS ARE DISTRIBUTED IN 64 HOURS (CORRESPONDING TO 7 CFU) OF FRONTAL LESSONS AND 24 HOURS (2CFU) OF LABORATORY ACTIVITY. ABOUT THE HALF OF THE FRONTAL LESSONS, FOCUSED ON THE THEORY, WILL BE AIMED AT THE LEARNING OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS. THE REMAINING PART WILL BE MORE FOCUSED ON THE EXERCISES AND WILL HAVE THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATING PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS AND OF DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES FOR RESOLUTION OF PROBLEMS OF MECHANICS AND GEOMETRIC OPTICAL THROUGH THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS.

	Verification of learning
	THE FINAL EXAM CONSISTS IN A WRITTEN EXAMINATION FOLLOWED BY AN ORAL EXAMINATION ON THE TOPICS OF THE COURSE, INCLUDING THE DISCUSSION OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, IN ORDER TO VERIFY THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPICS STUDIED. IT IS ALSO REQUESTED THAT THE STUDENT EXPOSES IN EXHAUSTIVE WAY AND THAT HE SHOWS CRITICAL AND AUTONOMOUS JUDGMENT. THE EVALUATION IS IN THIRTY. IN ORDER TO BE ADMITTED TO TAKE THE ORAL EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE OBTAINED A SUFFICIENT EVALUATION (18) IN THE WRITTEN TEST. THE WRITTEN EXAM CONSISTS IN THE RESOLUTION OF 3 OR MORE EXERCISES OF MECHANICS AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS. THE FINAL VOTE IS IN THIRTY. THE EXAM IS PASSED WHEN, ONCE PASSED THE WRITTEN EXAMINATION, THE VOTE OF THE ORAL PRESENTATION IS AT LEAST 18/30. THE MINIMUM EVALUATION LEVEL (18) IS ASSIGNED WHEN THE STUDENT HAS A SUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE OF THEORETICAL CONTENTS AND HE SHOWS A SUFFICIENT CAPACITY TO CONNECT THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT AND OF SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS, RIGID BODIES, FLUID AND GEOMETRICAL OPTICS. THE MAXIMUM LEVEL (30) IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS A COMPLETE AND DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF THE THEORETICAL CONTENTS AND HE SHOWS A NOTABLE CAPACITY TO CONNECT THE ANALYZED TOPICS. 30 WITH LAUD IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE CANDIDATE PROVIDES A SIGNIFICANT MASTERY OF THE CONTENT OF THE PROGRAM AND HE EXHIBITS TO KNOW THE ARGUMENTS WITH REMARKABLE VOCABULARY AND ABILITY OF AUTONOMOUS PROCESSING.

Verification of learning

THE FINAL EXAM CONSISTS IN A WRITTEN EXAMINATION FOLLOWED BY AN ORAL EXAMINATION ON THE TOPICS OF THE COURSE, INCLUDING THE DISCUSSION OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, IN ORDER TO VERIFY THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPICS STUDIED.

IT IS ALSO REQUESTED THAT THE STUDENT EXPOSES IN EXHAUSTIVE WAY AND THAT HE SHOWS CRITICAL AND AUTONOMOUS JUDGMENT.

THE EVALUATION IS IN THIRTY. IN ORDER TO BE ADMITTED TO TAKE THE ORAL EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE OBTAINED A SUFFICIENT EVALUATION (18) IN THE WRITTEN TEST.

THE WRITTEN EXAM CONSISTS IN THE RESOLUTION OF 3 OR MORE EXERCISES OF MECHANICS AND GEOMETRIC OPTICS.

THE FINAL VOTE IS IN THIRTY. THE EXAM IS PASSED WHEN, ONCE PASSED THE WRITTEN EXAMINATION, THE VOTE OF THE ORAL PRESENTATION IS AT LEAST 18/30.
THE MINIMUM EVALUATION LEVEL (18) IS ASSIGNED WHEN THE STUDENT HAS A SUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE OF THEORETICAL CONTENTS AND HE SHOWS A SUFFICIENT CAPACITY TO CONNECT THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT AND OF SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS, RIGID BODIES, FLUID AND GEOMETRICAL OPTICS.

THE MAXIMUM LEVEL (30) IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS A COMPLETE AND DEPTH KNOWLEDGE OF THE THEORETICAL CONTENTS AND HE SHOWS A NOTABLE CAPACITY TO CONNECT THE ANALYZED TOPICS.

30 WITH LAUD IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE CANDIDATE PROVIDES A SIGNIFICANT MASTERY OF THE CONTENT OF THE PROGRAM AND HE EXHIBITS TO KNOW THE ARGUMENTS WITH REMARKABLE VOCABULARY AND ABILITY OF AUTONOMOUS PROCESSING.

	Texts
	D. HALLIDAY, R. RESNICK, J. WALKER, “FONDAMENTI DI FISICA”, CEA-ZANICHELLI P. MAZZOLDI, M. NIGRO, C.VOCI, “FISICA” VOL. I, EDISES J.R. TAYLOR, INTRODUZIONE ALL'ANALISI DEGLI ERRORI, ZANICHELLI, 2000. NOTES GIVEN DURING THE COURSE

	More Information
	THE STUDENTS ARE INVITED TO CONTACT THE TEACHER FOR MEETINGS (ALSO OUTSIDE THE RECEPTION TIMES) FOR FURTHER CLARIFICATION OF THE COURSE TOPICS.

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Antonio CAPOLUPO | PHYSICS I