Sergio PAGANO | GENERAL PHYSICS I

cod. 0512600005

GENERAL PHYSICS I

	0512600005
	DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA "E.R. CAIANIELLO"
	EQF6
	PHYSICS
	2020/2021

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2017
	ANNUALE

TEACHING UNITS

SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
FIS/01	11	88	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
FIS/01	4	48	EXERCISES	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

PROFESSORS

	SERGIO PAGANO T Curriculum
	ANTONIO CAPOLUPO Curriculum

	Objectives
	THE COURSE HAS THE OBJECTIVE OF PROVIDING THE STUDENT WITH A SOLID FORMATION IN THE FIELDS OF MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE TEACHING PROVIDES THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF NEWTONIAN MECHANICS AND ITS MAIN APPLICATIONS IN REFERENCE TO THE DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE POINT, OF SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS AND OF RIGID BODIES. THE STUDENT ALSO ACQUIRES THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF ONDULATORY PROCESSES, THERMODYNAMICS OF EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES AND THE PHYSICS OF IDEAL FLUIDS. THE PROVIDED KNOWLEDGE ALLOWS THE STUDENT TO FRUITFULLY FOLLOW THE INSIGHTS ON THESE TOPICS THAT ARE PROPOSED IN THE FOLLOWING OF HIS STUDIES. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE TEACHING AIMS TO OBTAIN THAT THE STUDENT BECOMES ABLE TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE IN A CORRECT WAY, FOLLOWING THE SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY, IN ORDER TO FACE AND SOLVE PROBLEMS REGARDING MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. AT THE SAME TIME, HE ACQUIRES A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF PHYSICAL REALITY. FURTHERMORE, THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE, BY COMBINING FORMAL ASPECTS WITH PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, TENDS TO DEVELOP IN THE STUDENT AN EFFECTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGY.

THE COURSE HAS THE OBJECTIVE OF PROVIDING THE STUDENT WITH A SOLID FORMATION IN THE FIELDS OF MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
THE TEACHING PROVIDES THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF NEWTONIAN MECHANICS AND ITS MAIN APPLICATIONS IN REFERENCE TO THE DYNAMICS OF A SINGLE POINT, OF SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS AND OF RIGID BODIES. THE STUDENT ALSO ACQUIRES THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF ONDULATORY PROCESSES, THERMODYNAMICS OF EQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES AND THE PHYSICS OF IDEAL FLUIDS. THE PROVIDED KNOWLEDGE ALLOWS THE STUDENT TO FRUITFULLY FOLLOW THE INSIGHTS ON THESE TOPICS THAT ARE PROPOSED IN THE FOLLOWING OF HIS STUDIES.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
THE TEACHING AIMS TO OBTAIN THAT THE STUDENT BECOMES ABLE TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE IN A CORRECT WAY, FOLLOWING THE SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY, IN ORDER TO FACE AND SOLVE PROBLEMS REGARDING MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. AT THE SAME TIME, HE ACQUIRES A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF PHYSICAL REALITY. FURTHERMORE, THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE, BY COMBINING FORMAL ASPECTS WITH PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS, TENDS TO DEVELOP IN THE STUDENT AN EFFECTIVE LEARNING METHODOLOGY.

	Prerequisites
	IT IS USEFUL THAT THE STUDENTS HAVE A WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA, EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY, TRIGONOMETRY AND ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS ANALYSIS. ALSO, A GENERIC KNOWLEDGE OF CLASSICAL PHYSICS IS USEFUL, AND AN ATTITUDE TO IN-DEPTH AND LOGICAL REASONING. THE KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPED IN THE COURSES OF ANALYSIS I, GEOMETRY AND CHEMISTRY ARE NOT ESSENTIAL. HOWEVER, THIS KNOWLEDGE HELPS IN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPICS OF GENERAL PHYSICS I. THEREFORE IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE STUDENT FOLLOWS SUCH COURSES WITH PROFIT.

Prerequisites

IT IS USEFUL THAT THE STUDENTS HAVE A WORKING KNOWLEDGE OF ELEMENTARY ALGEBRA, EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY, TRIGONOMETRY AND ELEMENTARY FUNCTIONS ANALYSIS. ALSO, A GENERIC KNOWLEDGE OF CLASSICAL PHYSICS IS USEFUL, AND AN ATTITUDE TO IN-DEPTH AND LOGICAL REASONING.
THE KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPED IN THE COURSES OF ANALYSIS I, GEOMETRY AND CHEMISTRY ARE NOT ESSENTIAL. HOWEVER, THIS KNOWLEDGE HELPS IN A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE TOPICS OF GENERAL PHYSICS I. THEREFORE IT IS SUGGESTED THAT THE STUDENT FOLLOWS SUCH COURSES WITH PROFIT.

	Contents
	BASIC CONCEPTS AND KINEMATICS: THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD, PHYSICAL QUANTITIES, UNITS OF MEASURE. SCALARS AND VECTORS. VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION. CHANGE OF COORDINATES. DERIVATIVE AND INTEGRAL. UNIFORM AND ACCELERATED MOTION. BULLET MOTION, UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION. DERIVATIVE OF A VECTOR. HOURS = 10 + 12 DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT: FORCES, PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMICS, GALILEAN TRANSFORMATIONS. WEIGHT FORCE, ELASTIC FORCE, BINDING REACTIONS, FRICTION. INTEGRATION OF THE EQUATION OF MOTION, MOTION IN PRESENCE OF FRICTION. SIMPLE, DAMPED AND FORCED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR, RESONANCE. MOMENTUM, IMPULSE, IMPULSE THEOREM, WORK. THEOREM OF LIVING FORCES, KINETIC ENERGY, CONSERVATIVE FORCES AND POTENTIAL ENERGY, CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY, EQUILIBRIUM OF A MATERIAL POINT SUBJECT TO FORCES. UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION LAW, GAUSS THEOREM, KEPLERO LAWS, ESCAPE SPEED DYNAMICS IN NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS, FICTITIOUS FORCES HOURS = 16 + 14 DYNAMICS OF PARTICLE SYSTEMS: CENTER OF MASS, MOMENTUM, ANGULAR MOMENTUM. RESULTING FORCE MOMENT, CARDINAL EQUATIONS OF THE DYNAMICS OF MATERIAL POINT SYSTEMS, CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM, ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS, KOENIG THEOREMS. KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM FOR SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS HOURS = 6 + 10 RIGID BODIES: CARDINAL EQUATIONS OF DYNAMICS FOR RIGID BODIES, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND MOMENT OF FORCES WITH REFERENCE TO A POINT AND TO AN AXIS. DYNAMICS OF RIGID ROTARY BODIES AROUND FIXED AXIS, MOMENT OF INERTIA, HUYGENS-STEINER THEOREM, KINETIC ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM, PURE ROLLING, HINTS OF STATIC OF RIGID BODIES. HOURS = 7 + 10 COLLISIONS: DEFINITION OF COLLISION, ELASTIC AND INELASTIC COLLISIONS, REFERENCE SYSTEM OF THE MASS CENTER, COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION, COLLISION PARAMETER, CROSS SECTION, COLLISIONS IN 2D, COLLISIONS BETWEEN EXTENDED AND BOUND BODIES HOURS = 7 + STATICS AND DYNAMICS OF FLUIDS: FORCES IN FLUIDS, STEVINO'S LAW, TORRICELLI EXPERIENCE, COMMUNICATING VASES, PASCAL PRINCIPLE. ARCHIMEDE’S PRINCIPLE. PERFECT FLUID, LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN DESCRIPTIONS, STATIONARY REGIME, FLOW LINES AND FLOW PIPES, FLOW RATE, CONTINUITY EQUATION, BERNOULLI EQUATION, REAL LIQUIDS, LAMINARY FLOW, SURFACE TENSION, CAPILLARITY HOURS = 12 WAVES AND VIBRATIONS: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS. MODULES OF ELASTICITY. WAVE PROPERTIES, SINUSOIDAL WAVES. LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL WAVES. WAVE ENERGY AND INTENSITY. DECIBELS. INTERFERENCE, STATIONARY WAVES, HUYGENS’ PRINCIPLE, DOPPLER EFFECT. HOURS = 9 THERMODYNAMICS: THE ZEROTH PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, TEMPERATURE AND THERMOMETERS, HEAT, SPECIFIC HEAT, THERMODYNAMIC TRANSFORMATIONS, STATE VARIABLES, WORK IN A TRANSFORMATION, THERMAL EXPANSION HOURS = 5 THE FIRST PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, PERFECT GAS STATE EQUATION, INTERNAL ENERGY, ADIABATIC TRANSFORMATIONS, ISOTHERMAL, ISOBAR, ISOVOLUMICS, REAL GAS, VAN DER WAALS EQUATION, STATE CHANGES. HOURS = 6 HEAT PROPAGATION, CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, IRRADIANCE, THERMAL BALANCE HOURS = 5 NATURAL TRANSFORMATIONS, 2ND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, CLAUSIUS AND KELVIN FORMULATION, THERMAL MACHINES, CARNOT CYCLE, CARNOT THEOREM, PERFECT GAS THERMOMETER, ABSOLUTE THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE. ENTHROPY, ENTHROPY AND THE 2ND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, ENTHROPY IN PHYSICAL SYSTEMS HOURS = 7 THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS, ENTHALPY, HELPMOTZ AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY, APPLICATION TO STATE CHANGES HOURS = 5 PERFECT GAS, MICROSCOPIC MEANING OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE, MAXWELL SPEED DISTRIBUTION, PROBABILITY AND DISORDER, DISORDER AND ENTHROPY, HINTS OF SYSTEMS OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM HOURS = 5

Contents

BASIC CONCEPTS AND KINEMATICS: THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD, PHYSICAL QUANTITIES, UNITS OF MEASURE. SCALARS AND VECTORS. VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION. CHANGE OF COORDINATES. DERIVATIVE AND INTEGRAL. UNIFORM AND ACCELERATED MOTION. BULLET MOTION, UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION. DERIVATIVE OF A VECTOR.
HOURS = 10 + 12

DYNAMICS OF THE MATERIAL POINT: FORCES, PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMICS, GALILEAN TRANSFORMATIONS. WEIGHT FORCE, ELASTIC FORCE, BINDING REACTIONS, FRICTION.
INTEGRATION OF THE EQUATION OF MOTION, MOTION IN PRESENCE OF FRICTION.
SIMPLE, DAMPED AND FORCED HARMONIC OSCILLATOR, RESONANCE.
MOMENTUM, IMPULSE, IMPULSE THEOREM, WORK. THEOREM OF LIVING FORCES, KINETIC ENERGY, CONSERVATIVE FORCES AND POTENTIAL ENERGY, CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY, EQUILIBRIUM OF A MATERIAL POINT SUBJECT TO FORCES. UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION LAW, GAUSS THEOREM, KEPLERO LAWS, ESCAPE SPEED
DYNAMICS IN NON-INERTIAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS, FICTITIOUS FORCES
HOURS = 16 + 14

DYNAMICS OF PARTICLE SYSTEMS: CENTER OF MASS, MOMENTUM, ANGULAR MOMENTUM. RESULTING FORCE MOMENT, CARDINAL EQUATIONS OF THE DYNAMICS OF MATERIAL POINT SYSTEMS, CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM AND OF THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM, ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF MATERIAL POINTS, KOENIG THEOREMS. KINETIC ENERGY THEOREM FOR SYSTEMS OF MATERIAL POINTS
HOURS = 6 + 10

RIGID BODIES: CARDINAL EQUATIONS OF DYNAMICS FOR RIGID BODIES, ANGULAR MOMENTUM AND MOMENT OF FORCES WITH REFERENCE TO A POINT AND TO AN AXIS. DYNAMICS OF RIGID ROTARY BODIES AROUND FIXED AXIS, MOMENT OF INERTIA, HUYGENS-STEINER THEOREM, KINETIC ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM, PURE ROLLING, HINTS OF STATIC OF RIGID BODIES.
HOURS = 7 + 10

COLLISIONS: DEFINITION OF COLLISION, ELASTIC AND INELASTIC COLLISIONS, REFERENCE SYSTEM OF THE MASS CENTER, COEFFICIENT OF RESTITUTION, COLLISION PARAMETER, CROSS SECTION, COLLISIONS IN 2D, COLLISIONS BETWEEN EXTENDED AND BOUND BODIES
HOURS = 7 +

STATICS AND DYNAMICS OF FLUIDS: FORCES IN FLUIDS, STEVINO'S LAW, TORRICELLI EXPERIENCE, COMMUNICATING VASES, PASCAL PRINCIPLE. ARCHIMEDE’S PRINCIPLE.
PERFECT FLUID, LAGRANGIAN AND EULERIAN DESCRIPTIONS, STATIONARY REGIME, FLOW LINES AND FLOW PIPES, FLOW RATE, CONTINUITY EQUATION, BERNOULLI EQUATION, REAL LIQUIDS, LAMINARY FLOW, SURFACE TENSION, CAPILLARITY
HOURS = 12

WAVES AND VIBRATIONS:
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS. MODULES OF ELASTICITY. WAVE PROPERTIES, SINUSOIDAL WAVES. LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL WAVES. WAVE ENERGY AND INTENSITY. DECIBELS. INTERFERENCE, STATIONARY WAVES, HUYGENS’ PRINCIPLE, DOPPLER EFFECT.
HOURS = 9

THERMODYNAMICS:
THE ZEROTH PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, TEMPERATURE AND THERMOMETERS, HEAT, SPECIFIC HEAT, THERMODYNAMIC TRANSFORMATIONS, STATE VARIABLES, WORK IN A TRANSFORMATION, THERMAL EXPANSION
HOURS = 5
THE FIRST PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, PERFECT GAS STATE EQUATION, INTERNAL ENERGY, ADIABATIC TRANSFORMATIONS, ISOTHERMAL, ISOBAR, ISOVOLUMICS, REAL GAS, VAN DER WAALS EQUATION, STATE CHANGES.
HOURS = 6
HEAT PROPAGATION, CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, IRRADIANCE, THERMAL BALANCE
HOURS = 5
NATURAL TRANSFORMATIONS, 2ND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, CLAUSIUS AND KELVIN FORMULATION, THERMAL MACHINES, CARNOT CYCLE, CARNOT THEOREM, PERFECT GAS THERMOMETER, ABSOLUTE THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE. ENTHROPY, ENTHROPY AND THE 2ND PRINCIPLE OF THERMODYNAMICS, ENTHROPY IN PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
HOURS = 7
THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS, ENTHALPY, HELPMOTZ AND GIBBS FREE ENERGY, APPLICATION TO STATE CHANGES
HOURS = 5
PERFECT GAS, MICROSCOPIC MEANING OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE, MAXWELL SPEED DISTRIBUTION, PROBABILITY AND DISORDER, DISORDER AND ENTHROPY, HINTS OF SYSTEMS OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM
HOURS = 5

	Teaching Methods
	LESSONS, NOT ONLY ABOUT THEORY BUT SUPPORTED BY APPLICATIONS OF GRADUALLY INCREASING DIFFICULTY. STIMULATED DISCUSSIONS BASED ON THE SEARCH FOR ERRORS AND/OR REASONING, TO MOVE TOWARDS A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPTS. ONGOING CHECKS ARE ALSO SCHEDULED TO TEST THE CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT.

	Verification of learning
	FINAL EXAMINATION CONSISTS IN A WRITTEN TEST FOLLOWED BY AN ORAL TEST (ONLY IF THE OUTCOME OF THE WRITTEN TEST EXCEEDS A GIVEN THRESHOLD VALUE). BOTH THESE TESTS ARE STRUCTURED TO MEASURE THE REASONING CAPABILITY OF THE STUDENT IN TOPICS INVOLVING CLASSIC MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. BESIDES, IT IS ALSO CONSIDERED IMPORTANT THE VERIFICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY. TO AN EXAMINATION, IN WHICH THE WRITTEN PART CONTAINS AT MOST SOME IMPERFECTIONS (BUT NOT CONCEPTUAL ERRORS) AND THE ORAL PART IS AT THE SAME LEVEL, IS GIVEN THE HIGHEST MARK, I.E. 30/30. IF THE STUDENT ADDS A CORRECT LANGUAGE AND A VALUABLE LOGICAL SETTING THEN IT IS USUALLY ATTRIBUTED ALSO THE "LODE". THE NUMBER OF CALLS EVERY YEAR IS DECIDED BY THE AREA COUNCIL.

Verification of learning

FINAL EXAMINATION CONSISTS IN A WRITTEN TEST FOLLOWED BY AN ORAL TEST (ONLY IF THE OUTCOME OF THE WRITTEN TEST EXCEEDS A GIVEN THRESHOLD VALUE). BOTH THESE TESTS ARE STRUCTURED TO MEASURE THE REASONING CAPABILITY OF THE STUDENT IN TOPICS INVOLVING CLASSIC MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. BESIDES, IT IS ALSO CONSIDERED IMPORTANT THE VERIFICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY.
TO AN EXAMINATION, IN WHICH THE WRITTEN PART CONTAINS AT MOST SOME IMPERFECTIONS (BUT NOT CONCEPTUAL ERRORS) AND THE ORAL PART IS AT THE SAME LEVEL, IS GIVEN THE HIGHEST MARK, I.E. 30/30. IF THE STUDENT ADDS A CORRECT LANGUAGE AND A VALUABLE LOGICAL SETTING THEN IT IS USUALLY ATTRIBUTED ALSO THE "LODE".
THE NUMBER OF CALLS EVERY YEAR IS DECIDED BY THE AREA COUNCIL.

	Texts
	P. MAZZOLDI, M. NIGRO, C. VOCI, "FISICA - VOLUME I", EDISES. C. MENCUCCINI E V. SILVESTRINI, "FISICA I - MECCANICA E TERMODINAMICA", LIGUORI. "THE FEYNMAN LECTURES ON PHYSICS", ADDISON-WESLEY PUBLISHING COMPANY

	More Information
	AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH ACADEMIC YEAR, THE GRADUATE PROGRAM ORGANIZES ADDITIVE LESSONS TO SUPPORT STUDENTS WHO HAVE REPORTED INSUFFICIENT OUTCOMES AT THE PRELIMINARY ENTRANCE TEST. THESE LESSONS PROVIDE BASIC PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS NOTIONS IN ORDER TO STRENGTHEN THE STUDENTS IN TACKLING THEIR STUDIES.

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Sergio PAGANO | GENERAL PHYSICS I