Alessandra TOSCO | MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Alessandra TOSCO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
cod. 0760400034
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
| 0760400034 | |
| DIPARTIMENTO DI FARMACIA | |
| EQF7 | |
| PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY | |
| 2024/2025 |
| YEAR OF COURSE 4 | |
| YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2023 | |
| SPRING SEMESTER |
| SSD | CFU | HOURS | ACTIVITY | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BIO/11 | 6 | 48 | LESSONS |
| Exam | Date | Session | |
|---|---|---|---|
| GENNAIO | 04/02/2025 | SESSIONE ORDINARIA | |
| GENNAIO | 04/02/2025 | SESSIONE DI RECUPERO | |
| FEBBRAIO | 19/02/2025 | SESSIONE ORDINARIA | |
| FEBBRAIO | 19/02/2025 | SESSIONE DI RECUPERO |
| Objectives | |
|---|---|
| THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH INFORMATION ON THE ORGANIZATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL AND ON THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE PROCESSES OF DUPLICATION, GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL KNOW: -THE STRUCTURE, CELLULAR ORGANIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DNA AND RNA; -THE PROCESSES OF DUPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION INTO PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES; -THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING THE STUDENT APPLYING THE ACQUIRED SKILLS MUST BE ABLE TO: -IDENTIFY THE MOLECULAR DETAILS OF THE ENZYMATIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESSES OF DUPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION THAT CAN BE USED AS TARGETS OF DRUGS; -ANALYZE THE PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE START AND END STEPS OF DUPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION PROCESSES AND IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES; -LINK THE ALTERATIONS OF THE AFOREMENTIONED PROCESSES TO SPECIFIC PATHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS. |
| Prerequisites | |
|---|---|
| THE ACQUISITION OF THE OBJECTIVES RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES IS REQUIRED: GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, GENERAL BIOLOGY, ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. THE PREREQUISITE OF GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY IS REQUIRED. |
| Contents | |
|---|---|
| THE STRUCTURE OF NUCLEIC ACIDS: NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES; WATSON AND CRICK AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE DNA DOUBLE HELIX; RNA AND ITS STRUCTURES. CHROMATIN: HISTONES AND NUCLEOSOME STRUCTURE; HIGHER-ORDER CHROMATIN STRUCTURES; REMODELING AND HISTONE MODIFICATIONS (6 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON). DNA REPLICATION: THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DNA POLYMERASES; REPLICATION ENZYMOLOGY: DNA HELICASES, SSBS, TOPOISOMERASES AND DNA SLIDING CLAMPS; THE ADJUSTMENT OF THE START; THE PROBLEM OF TERMINATION: TELOMERES AND TELOMERASE (4 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON). DNA MUTABILITY AND REPAIR: DNA DAMAGE; REPLICATION ERRORS AND CHEMICAL DAMAGE; REPAIR SYSTEMS (MMR, BER, NER). RECOMBINATION: HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION: HOLLIDAY'S MODEL; DSB REPAIR AND EXCHANGE OF GENETIC MATERIAL; SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION OR TRANSPOSITION (6 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSONS). 4 HOURS OF INTERACTIVE LESSONS FOR IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ON THE TOPICS COVERED IN THE PREVIOUS LESSONS TRANSCRIPTION: RNA POLYMERASES AND THE TRANSCRIPTION CYCLE; PROKARYOTES: THE PROMOTER AND THE SIGMA FACTOR; RHO-DEPENDENT AND RHO-INDEPENDENT TERMINATION; EUKARYOTES: GENERAL TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS, MEDIATOR COMPLEX AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATORS; MATURATION OF MESSENGER RNA: CAPPING AND POLYADENYLATION. SPLICING: THE CHEMISTRY OF SPLICING; THE MACHINERY OF THE SPLICEOSOME; ALTERNATIVE SPLICING; THE MIXING OF EXONS (6 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON). TRANSLATION: RNA TRANSFER; AMINOACYL-TRNA SYNTHETASE; THE STRUCTURE OF THE RIBOSOME; THE CONTROL OF THE BEGINNING; THE MECHANISM OF ELONGATION; TERMINATION; THE GENETIC CODE (6 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON). 2 HOURS OF INTERACTIVE LESSONS FOR IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ON THE TOPICS COVERED IN THE PREVIOUS LESSONS GENE REGULATION IN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES: CONTROL OF TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; EPIGENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS: DEFINITION, HISTONE VARIANTS, SMALL RNAS, DNA METHYLATION. THE PHENOMENON OF IMPRINTING. POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; RNA EDITING; SRNAS AND RIBOSWITCHES IN BACTERIA. RNA INTERFERENCE: DISCOVERY, MECHANISM OF ACTION, MIRNAS AND RELATED PATHOLOGIES (8 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON). FOLDING OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINS AND POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS: CHAPERONE-ASSISTED FOLDING; UBIQUITINYLATION AND PROTEASOME COMPLEX (4 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON). 2 HOURS OF INTERACTIVE LESSONS FOR IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ON THE TOPICS COVERED IN THE PREVIOUS LESSONS |
| Teaching Methods | |
|---|---|
| THE COURSE INCLUDES LECTURES LASTING A TOTAL OF 48 HOURS (6 CREDITS), WHICH TAKE PLACE IN THE CLASSROOM WITH THE HELP OF POWERPOINT PROJECTIONS. |
| Verification of learning | |
|---|---|
| THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE IS CERTIFIED BY PASSING A SINGLE EXAM WITH EVALUATION IN THIRTIETHS. THE EXAM INCLUDES AN ORAL EXAM LASTING AN AVERAGE OF 20-30 MINUTES, DURING WHICH QUESTIONS WILL BE PROPOSED ON THE MAIN ENZYMATIC MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESSES OF DUPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION; ON THE DIFFERENCES, BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES, IN DEALING WITH THE STEPS OF BEGINNING AND ENDING THE VARIOUS PROCESSES; ON THE MECHANISMS OF REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. THE MINIMUM GRADE FOR PASSING THE EXAM IS 18/30 AND WILL BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE STUDENT WHO SHOWS KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC MECHANISMS OF GENE EXPRESSION, BUT LIMITED ABILITY TO FRAME THE DIFFERENT PROCESSES IN THE CELLULAR CONTEXT. PRAISE CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO STUDENTS WHO REACH THE MAXIMUM MARK OF 30/30 AND DEMONSTRATE TO HAVE COMPLETE MASTERY OF THE MECHANISMS OF GENE EXPRESSION AND THEIR REGULATIONS AND TO BE ABLE TO LINK THEIR ALTERATIONS TO PATHOLOGICAL CONTEXTS. |
| Texts | |
|---|---|
| ALTERNATIVE REFERENCE TEXT: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE GENE, VII EDITION - J.D. WATSON ET AL. - ZANICHELLI ISBN 88-08-36480-7 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - G. CAPRANICO, ET AL. - EDISES MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. F. AMALDI ET AL. - CEA |
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