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Electrotechnics

Giovanni PETRONE Electrotechnics

0612700029
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
EQF6
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
2023/2024



OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
AUTUMN SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
432LESSONS
324EXERCISES
216LAB


GIOVANNI PETRONE T Curriculum
Objectives
THE COURSE TREATS THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CIRCUITS THEORY AND APPLICATIONS OF INTEREST IN INFORMATION ENGINEERING. IN PARTICULAR INTERFACING CIRCUITS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF LINEAR CIRCUITS, THEIR PROPERTIES, ANALYSIS METHODS AND SOLUTION TECHNIQUES IN THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS; THEIR APPLICATIONS TO THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES AND THE CORRESPONDING ENERGETIC AND INFORMATIONAL ASPECTS. UNDERSTANDING OF THE OPERATION OF CIRCUITS AND COMPONENTS IN THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS. DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION FOR ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
SOLVING SIMPLE LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT DC AND AC CIRCUITS (STEADY-STATE AND TRANSIENT) IN SYMBOLIC FORM WITH A SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR. SOLVING TIME-INVARIANT LINEAR CIRCUITS IN THE TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS WITH THE HELP OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE. COMPUTING THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF FILTERS. ANALYZING THE INPUT-OUTPUT FUNCTIONS OF TIME-INVARIANT LINEAR CIRCUITS. SETUP OF A MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION.
Prerequisites
FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES, BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF LINEAR ALGEBRA, MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS (DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. INTEGRAL CALCULATION, COMPLEX NUMBERS), PHYSICS AND HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE ARE REQUIRED.

THE EXAMS STRICTLY FOLLOWS: ANALISI MATEMATICA 1, FISICA 1 AND FONDAMENTI DI PROGRAMMAZIONE
Contents
DIDACTIC UNIT 1: FUNDAMENTALS OF THE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT MODEL
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS: 8/4/0)
1 (2 HOURS LECTURE): INTRODUCTION TO CIRCUIT MODEL. VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. ELECTRICAL DEVICES. LIMITS OF THE CIRCUIT MODEL, STATIONARY AND QUASI STATIONARY CONDITIONS.
2 ((2 HOURS LECTURE): ELECTRICAL BIPOLE, REFERENCE FOR CURRENT AND VOLTAGE IN A BIPOLE. CLASSIFICATION OF BIPOLES. BIPOLES ABSORBED AND GENERATED POWER.
3 (2 HOURS LECTURE): CIRCUITS OF BIPOLES. KIRCHHOFF EQUATIONS FOR CURRENTS (EKC) AND FOR VOLTAGES (EKT). EXAMPLES OF WRITING INTERCONNECTION CIRCUIT EQUATIONS (EK). EK INDEPENDENT, EQUATIONS SYSTEMS FOR CIRCUITS ANALYSIS.
4 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: EVALUATION OF VOLTAGES, CURRENTS, POWERS, AND ENERGIES ON BIPOLES. CIRCUIT ANALYSIS WITH EK
5 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: CIRCUIT ANALYSIS WITH EK IN REDUCED FORM, POWER, AND ENERGY CALCULATIONS.
6 (2 HOURS LECTURE): CONSERVATION OF ELECTRIC POWERS THEOREM. ADDITIVITY OF POWER. INDUCTOR AND CAPACITOR. DYNAMIC STEADY-STATE BIPOLES.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: KNOWLEDGE OF MEANING OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES: VOLTAGE, CURRENT, POWER, ENERGY.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: EVALUATE THE SOLUTION OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CIRCUITS

DIDACTIC UNIT 2: STATIC CIRCUIT
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS: 14/16/0)
7 (2 HOURS LECTURE): LINEAR RESISTOR, RESISTANCE, AND RESISTIVITY. THE PHYSICAL RESISTOR. IDEAL VOLTAGE GENERATOR (GIT), IDEAL CURRENT GENERATOR (GIC). CLASSIFICATION OF GENERATORS. CHARACTERISTIC EQUATIONS (EC). WRITING OF CIRCUITAL EQUATIONS IN REDUCED FORM: METHOD OF CIRCUITAL EQUATIONS (MEC). INTRODUCTION TO THE SPICE LANGUAGE, EXAMPLES.
8 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. ANALYSIS OF STATIC LINEAR CIRCUITS WITH EK + EC. SPICE CODING.
9 (2 HOURS LECTURE): EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN BIPOLES, SERIES AND PARALLEL CONNECTIONS. RESISTORS IN SERIES AND PARALLEL. CURRENT AND VOLTAGE DIVIDERS.
10 (2 HOURS LECTURE): ESERCIZI. EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE. ANALYSIS OF STATIC LINEAR CIRCUITS BY USING SERIES, PARALLEL AND DIVIDER EQUIVALENCE (SPP). SPICE CODING.
11 (2 HOURS LECTURE): SINGLE SOURCE CIRCUITS. EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE OF LINEAR RESISTORS. EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE WITH SPICE. SERIES AND PARALLEL OF GENERATORS, EXAMPLES OF COMPATIBLE AND INCOMPATIBLE CONFIGURATIONS.
12 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. ANALYSIS OF STATIC CIRCUITS WITH A SINGLE GENERATOR: MEC AND SPP, RESOLUTION WITH MATLAB, SPICE CODING.
13 (2 HOURS LECTURE): SHORT CIRCUIT AND OPEN CIRCUIT. CIRCUITS WITH SEVERAL GENERATORS: SUPERPOSITION OF EFFECTS THEOREM. METHOD OF SUPERIMPOSITION OF EFFECTS (MSE).
14 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. STATIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS WITH THE MSE.
15 (2 HOURS LECTURE): NODAL POTENTIALS ANALYSIS. LTSPICE AND NODAL POTENTIALS. INCIDENCE RELATIONSHIP, INCIDENCE MATRIX, REDUCED INCIDENCE MATRIX.
16 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. ANALYSIS OF STATIC LINEAR CIRCUITS WITH SPP, MEC, MSE. SPICE CODING, NUMERICAL ELABORATION WITH MATLAB.
17 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. STATIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS WITH SPP, MEC, MSE: SUMMARY EXERCISE.
18 (2 HOURS LECTURE): CURRENT AND VOLTAGE REAL GENERATOR, EQUIVALENCE OF GENERATORS. NO-LOAD VOLTAGE, SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT AND EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE OF A STATIC LINEAR BIPOLE. THÉVENIN'S AND NORTON'S EQUIVALENT GENERATOR THEOREMS. MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER.
19 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. STATIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS WITH THÉVENIN / NORTON.
20 (2 HOURS LECTURE): TIME-DEPENDENT SOURCES AND SIGNALS. LINEAR CIRCUITS IN STEADY STATE.
21 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. STATIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS, SUMMARY EXERCISE.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: STUDY OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS IN THE TIME DOMAIN IN STEADY-STATE OPERATION. ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF RESISTIVE CIRCUITS. SIZING OF CONNECTIONS BETWEEN CIRCUITS AND THEIR EFFICIENCY.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: CALCULATE THE SOLUTION OF TIME-INVARIANT LINEAR CIRCUITS IN PERMANENT REGIME IN THE TIME DOMAIN USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENTS. ANALYZE THE INPUT-OUTPUT FUNCTIONS OF LINEAR TIME INVARIANT CIRCUITS IN STEADY STATE.

DIDACTIC UNIT 3: ELEMENTS OF DYNAMIC CIRCUITS IN PERMANENT REGIME
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS: 4/2/0)
22 (2 HOURS LECTURE): LTI CIRCUITS IN SINUSOIDAL REGIME. THE PHASOR TRANSFORMATION, THE PHASOR METHOD. EXAMPLES.
23 (2 HOURS LECTURE): INSTANT POWER, AVERAGE POWER; COMPLEX, ACTIVE, REACTIVE, AND APPARENT POWER. THE MEANING OF RMS VALUES OF SINUSOIDAL CURRENT AND VOLTAGE.
24 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES. ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICAL LOADS. POWER ANALYSIS BY A COMPUTERIZED LABORATORY, EQUIVALENT LOAD CURRENT, PROTECTION SWITCHES, POWER LIMITATIONS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: INTRODUCTION TO THE DYNAMIC CIRCUITS IN STATIONARY CONDITIONS. STUDY OF TIME-INVARIANT LINEAR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN IN A STEADY STATE.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: CALCULATE THE SOLUTION OF TIME-INVARIANT LINEAR CIRCUITS IN STEADY STATE IN THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN USING SIMULATION SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENTS.

DIDACTIC UNIT 4: MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS AND INTERFACE CIRCUITS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS: 10/14/0)
25 (2 HOURS LECTURE): VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENTS: THE IDEAL AND REAL VOLTMETER AND AMMETER. FULL SCALE, RANGE, INTERNAL RESISTANCE. HOW TO CONNECT THE INSTRUMENTATION IN A CIRCUIT. MEASUREMENT OF STEADY STATE AND RMS VALUES.
26 (2 HOURS LECTURE): RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT WITH VOLTAMMETRIC METHOD. MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY: APPROACH BASED ON REPEATED MEASUREMENTS, BEST SAMPLE ESTIMATE. EXAMPLES OF EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT ERROR. MEASUREMENT ESTIMATION AND UNCERTAINTY WITH REPEATED RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS.
27 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: CHANGE OF FULL SCALE OF THE INSTRUMENTS. INSTRUMENT CONNECTION. EVALUATION OF IDEAL AND REAL READINGS. RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS.
28 (2 HOURS LECTURE): MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEASURING INSTRUMENT. CHANGE OF RANGE OF AN INSTRUMENT. ACCURACY AND PRECISION CLASS. MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES: VOLTMETER, AMMETER, OHMMETER AND DIGITAL MULTIMETER, SIGNIFICANT DIGITS OF THE DISPLAY. OUTLINE OF ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS. EXAMPLES.
29 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: CALCULATION OF THE MAXIMUM DEVIATION OF A MEASUREMENT BASED ON THE ACCURACY SPECIFICATIONS OF THE INSTRUMENT.
30 (2 HOURS LECTURE): UNCERTAINTY, STANDARD AND NORMS, EXTENDED UNCERTAINTY, TYPE A AND B, UNCERTAINTY FROM THE SPECIFICATIONS OF THE INSTRUMENTS. EXAMPLES. UNCERTAINTY IN INDIRECT MEASUREMENTS, PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTY.
31 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: TYPE A AND B UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION OF A MEASUREMENT.
32 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: EVALUATION OF THE UNCERTAINTY OF A DIGITAL MEASUREMENT.
33 (2 HOURS LECTURE): SENSOR INTERFACING. INPUT / OUTPUT RESISTANCE OF A DEVICE, EXAMPLES OF SOURCE-LOAD INTERFACING. POWER LIMITS. EXAMPLES OF SIZING OF INTERFACE CIRCUITS BETWEEN SENSORS AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS.
34 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: SENSORS INTERFACING 1/2.
35 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: SENSORS INTERFACING 2/2.
36 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): EXERCISES: MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS AND SENSOR INTERFACING: SUMMARY EXERCISE.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: ELEMENTS OF MEASUREMENT THEORY. CONCEPTS OF MEASUREMENT ACCURACY. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES (VOLTAGE AND CURRENT) IN STEADY STATE WITH THE USE OF INSTRUMENTS. INSTRUMENTS FOR MEASURING VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS IN PERMANENT CONDITIONS. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS AND INTERFACING BETWEEN SENSORS AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS. ESTIMATION OF THE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF THE MEASUREMENT.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: DEFINE A MEASUREMENT SETUP USING THE MAIN TOOLS (MULTIMETER AND DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE) FOR THE MAIN ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES AND EVALUATE THEIR ACCURACY. DESIGN THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RESISTIVE CIRCUITS FOR INTERFACING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS WITH SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.

TOTAL LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 36/36/0
Teaching Methods
THE COURSE INCLUDES CLASSROOM LECTURES (ABOUT 50%), CLASSROOM AND LABORATORY EXERCISES (ABOUT 50%). DURING CLASSROOM EXERCISES, EXAMPLES OF THE THEORY AND METHODS ARE DISCUSSED. THE STUDENTS ARE INVITED TO SOLVE ASSIGNED EXERCISES. IN LAB EXCERCISE, STUDENTS ARE INVITED TO SOLVE PROBLEMS
WITH THE AID OF COMPUTATIONAL AND SIMULATION SOFTWARE, DEVELOPING AND TESTING A SCRIPT OR A SIMULATION PROGRAM. RESULTS ARE COLLEGIALLY AND CRITICALLY DISCUSSED.

IN ORDER TO PARTICIPATE TO THE FINAL ASSESSMENT AND TO GAIN THE CREDITS CORRESPONDING TO THE COURSE, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED AT LEAST 70% OF THE HOURS OF ASSISTED TEACHING ACTIVITIES.

FRONTAL LESSONS ARE PROVIDED. ITALIAN IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE.
Verification of learning
THE FINAL EXAM IS AIMED AT EVALUATING: THE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPTS PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE, THE ABILITY TO APPLY THAT KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE PROBLEMS OF CIRCUITS ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION, THE ABILITY OF MAKING JUDGEMENT, THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND THE LEARNING ABILITIES.

THE FINAL EXAM CONSISTS OF A PRACTICAL TEST AND AN ORAL INTERVIEW (NOT COMPULSORY). THE PRACTICAL TEST CONSISTS IN THE ANALYSIS OF ONE OR MORE CIRCUIT PROBLEMS, ALSO ASSISTED BY COMPUTATIONAL AND SIMULATION SOFTWARE). THE STUDENT MUST WRITE A TECHNICAL REPORT INTRODUCING, FORMALISING AND DISCUSSING THE PROBLEMS AND THEIR SOLUTION. THE STUDENT ALSO DEVELOPS ONE OR MORE PROGRAMS OR CODES DURING THE TEST. THE EXERCISES CAN BE FORMALIZED AS A PRE-EVALUATED TEST DEVELOPED THROUGH THE UNIVERSITY E-LEARNING PLATFORM.

THE TOPICS OF THE PRACTICAL TEST INCLUDE:
- ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SIMPLE LINEAR CIRCUIT OPERATING IN STATIONARY CONDITIONS.
. ANALYSIS OF SINUSOIDAL CIRCUITS: ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS AND SOURCES.
- FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF RLC CIRCUITS
- ENERGY TRANSFER ESTIMATION
. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF INTERFACING CIRCUITS FOR SENSORS AND ACTUATORS.
- SETUP OF A MEASUREMENT CIRCUITS FOR VOLTAGE, CURRENT AND POWER MEASUREMENTS.

EXAMPLES OF PRACTICAL TESTS ARE ON THE WEBPAGE OF THE COURSE.
THE PURPOSE OF THE WRITTEN TEST IS TO ASSESS THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE, THE ABILITY TO FORMALIZE AND SOLVE A PROBLEM, THE ABILITY OF MAKING JUDGMENT. THE WRITTEN TEST WILL BE EVALUATED BASED ON THE CORRECTNESS OF THE APPROACH AND RESULTS.

FOR THE PRACTICAL TEST THE FOLLOWING SCALE WILL BE ADOPTED: A=EXCELLENT, B=GOOD, C=FAIR, D=ACCEPTABLE, E=FAIL. A MINIMUM MARK OF D=ACCEPTABLE IS NEEDED TO HAVE ACCESS THE ORAL TEST.
THE ORAL INTERVIEW IS AIMED AT ASSESSING THE ABILITY AND THE QUALITY OF ORAL EXPOSITION, THE ABILITY TO DEFEND AND CRITICALLY DISCUSS THE ACTIONS AND CHOICES PROPOSED IN THE PRACTICAL TEST, AND WILL ALSO DEAL WITH ALL THE TOPICS PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE.

THE EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE KNOWLEDGE DEMONSTRATED BY THE STUDENT, THE LEARNING SKILLS, THE QUALITY OF THE EXPOSITION, THE QUALITY OF THE PRESENTED REPORT. THE FINAL RESULT IS MARKED OUT OF THIRTIES.
MARKS=18 IS GIVEN TO STUDENTS DEMONSTRATING VERY LIMITED BUT SUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE AND APPLICATION SKILLS.

MARKS=30 CAN BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS SHOWING A COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF METHODS, TECHNIQUES AND CONCEPTS PRESENTED, LINK THEM THE ONE ANOTHER, DEMONSTRATING A VERY EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING AND ABLE TO FIND ACCURATE SOLUTIONS.

HONORS (30 E LODE) CAN BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS DEMONSTRATING THAT THEY CAN APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE WITH CONSIDERABLE AUTONOMY AND CRITICAL JUDGMENT.
Texts
- M. DE MAGISTRIS, G.MIANO, CIRCUITI: FONDAMENTI DI CIRCUITI PER L’INGEGNERIA, SECONDA EDIZIONE, SPRINGER, 2016.

SUPPLEMENTARY TEACHING MATERIAL WILL BE AVAILABLE ON THE UNIVERSITY E-LEARNING PLATFORM (HTTP://ELEARNING.UNISA.IT) ACCESSIBLE TO STUDENTS USING THEIR OWN UNIVERSITY CREDENTIALS.
More Information
THE COURSE IS HELD IN ITALIAN
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