Cristiana STELLATO | GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

cod. 1012100006

GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS

	1012100006
	DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND DENTISTRY "SALERNITANA MEDICAL SCHOOL"
	EQF6
	NURSING
	2025/2026

PERCORSO STUDY PATHWAY IN COMMON NURSING

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2013
	SPRING SEMESTER

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
1	NOZIONI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD. PATOLOGIA GENERALE
	MED/04	2	24	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
2	NOZIONI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD. GENETICA MEDICA
	MED/03	1	12	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS
3	NOZIONI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE E GENETICA - MOD. PATOLOGIA CLINICA
	MED/05	1	12	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	ANNIBALE ALESSANDRO PUCA2 T Curriculum
	VINCENZO CASOLARO1 Curriculum
	FRANCESCA RIZZO1 Curriculum
	CRISTIANA STELLATO3 Curriculum

	Objectives
	THE STUDENT MUST BE ABLE TO KNOW THE BASICS OF CELLULAR AND ORGAN PATHOLOGY AND THE ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF THE MAIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. MUST KNOW THE BASICS OF HUMAN GENETICS. AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT MUST BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS. HE/SHE MUST UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF GENETICS ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH AND ON THAT OF ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY MUST BE ABLE TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ON THE MAIN BLOOD GROUPS, ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION MEDICINE PROCEDURES. MUST BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISEASE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE NATURE OF THE ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS THAT CAN ATTACK THE ORGANISM AND THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR PATHOGENIC ACTION. AT THE END OF THE COURSE IT IS EXPECTED THAT STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO APPLY THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING IN A WAY THAT DEMONSTRATES A PROFESSIONAL APPROACH TO THEIR WORK, AND POSSESS BASIC SKILLS, ADEQUATE BOTH TO DESIGN AND TO SUPPORT ARGUMENTS AND TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN THEIR FIELD OF STUDY; AT THE END OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE THE ABILITY TO SUPPORT INTERDISCIPLINARY REASONING USEFUL FOR DETERMINING AUTONOMOUS JUDGMENTS, INCLUDING REFLECTION ON SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC OR ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO THEM;. USE THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED AND REFER TO IT WHENEVER NECESSARY IN ORDER TO APPROPRIATELY EVALUATE AND JUDGE A PROCESS, SITUATION OR ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF REFERENCE. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO PRESENT THE ARGUMENTS IN AN ORGANIZED MANNER AND WITH SEMANTIC APPROPRIATENESS AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TOPIC OF DISCUSSION AND AT THE SAME TIME BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH SPECIALISTS AND NON-SPECIALISTS IN A CRITICAL MANNER OF THE TOPICS STUDIED AND TO SUPPORT INTERDISCIPLINARY ARGUMENTS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THEIR INTERLOCUTOR. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE DEVELOPED THOSE LEARNING SKILLS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THEM TO UNDERTAKE SUBSEQUENT STUDIES WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF AUTONOMY. DEVELOP AUTONOMOUS LEARNING SKILLS, IDENTIFY AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT AND TAKE STEPS TO FILL THEIR OWN GAPS

THE STUDENT MUST BE ABLE TO KNOW THE BASICS OF CELLULAR AND ORGAN PATHOLOGY AND THE ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF THE MAIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES. MUST KNOW THE BASICS OF HUMAN GENETICS.

AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENT MUST BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS. HE/SHE MUST UNDERSTAND THE IMPACT OF GENETICS ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH AND ON THAT OF ADULTS AND THE ELDERLY
MUST BE ABLE TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE ON THE MAIN BLOOD GROUPS, ON THE FUNDAMENTALS OF IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION MEDICINE PROCEDURES.
MUST BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE THE GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DISEASE THROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE NATURE OF THE ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS THAT CAN ATTACK THE ORGANISM AND THE MECHANISMS OF THEIR PATHOGENIC ACTION.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE IT IS EXPECTED THAT STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO APPLY THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING IN A WAY THAT DEMONSTRATES A PROFESSIONAL APPROACH TO THEIR WORK, AND POSSESS BASIC SKILLS, ADEQUATE BOTH TO DESIGN AND TO SUPPORT ARGUMENTS AND TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IN THEIR FIELD OF STUDY;
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE THE ABILITY TO SUPPORT INTERDISCIPLINARY REASONING USEFUL FOR DETERMINING AUTONOMOUS JUDGMENTS, INCLUDING REFLECTION ON SOCIAL, SCIENTIFIC OR ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO THEM;. USE THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED AND REFER TO IT WHENEVER NECESSARY IN ORDER TO APPROPRIATELY EVALUATE AND JUDGE A PROCESS, SITUATION OR ACTIVITY IN THE CONTEXT OF REFERENCE.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO BE ABLE TO PRESENT THE ARGUMENTS IN AN ORGANIZED MANNER AND WITH SEMANTIC APPROPRIATENESS AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TOPIC OF DISCUSSION AND AT THE SAME TIME BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH SPECIALISTS AND NON-SPECIALISTS IN A CRITICAL MANNER OF THE TOPICS STUDIED AND TO SUPPORT INTERDISCIPLINARY ARGUMENTS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THEIR INTERLOCUTOR.
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE DEVELOPED THOSE LEARNING SKILLS THAT ARE NECESSARY FOR THEM TO UNDERTAKE SUBSEQUENT STUDIES WITH A HIGH DEGREE OF AUTONOMY.
DEVELOP AUTONOMOUS LEARNING SKILLS, IDENTIFY AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT AND TAKE STEPS TO FILL THEIR OWN GAPS

	Prerequisites
	ACQUISITION OF CONTENTS CONCERNING THE FOLLOWING DISCIPLINES IS REQUIRED: CHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY. PREPARATORY FOR THE EXAMINATION OF FUNDAMENTALS OF PHARMACOLOGY AND GENERAL MEDICINE

	Contents
	GENERAL PATHOLOGY MODULE (2 CFU, 24 H) DEFINITION OF DISEASE AND MORBID CONDITION, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS. PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF ILLNESS. INTRINSIC CAUSE OF DISEASE: GENERAL CONCEPTS. PROCESSES WITH A DEFENSIVE PURPOSE. INFLAMMATION. ACUTE INFLAMMATION: BLOOD-VASCULAR PHENOMENA, PHAGOCYTOSIS, EXUDATES, INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS. CHRONIC INFLAMMATION FEVER, DEFINITION. THERMOREGULATION COURSE AND TYPES OF FEVER. REPAIR AND REGRESSIVE PROCESSES. PATHOLOGICAL GROWTH: NORMAL CELL GROWTH, CELL CYCLE, ITS REGULATION AND ALTERATIONS. TUMORS: DEFINITION. GENETIC ASPECTS OF NEOPLASTIC DEVELOPMENT. HORMONES: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND DOSAGES. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONES. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM. DIABETES: DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION, PATHOGENESIS AND CONSEQUENT METABOLIC ALTERATIONS. THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. INNATE IMMUNITY AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT. STAGES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. ANTIBODIES. THE STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS. CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS. ALLERGIES AND HYPERSENSITIVITY. TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITY. AUTOIMMUNITY. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES. MONOCLONAL AND POLYCLONAL GAMMOPATHY. IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTS. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT. CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL EFFECTS OF ANEMIAS. POLYCYTHEMIAS AND POLYGLOBULIAS. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LEUKOPOIESIS. LEUKEMIA AND ERYTREMIA. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COAGULATION AND CIRCULATION. HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION; DEFINITION AND PATHOGENESIS OF THROMBOSIS AND EMBOLISM. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER. PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY. MEDICAL GENETICS MODULE (1 CFU, 12 H) STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GENES AND HUMAN GENOME. STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF DNA. TRANSCRIPTION AND MATURATION OF RNAS. EXONS-INTRON STRUCTURE. ALTERNATIVE TRANSCRIPTS AND PROTEIN ISOFORMS. SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS AND GENETIC CODE. ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN GENOME. HUMAN CHROMOSOMES. EUCROMATIN AND HETEROCHROMATIN. SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY OF CHROMOSOMES. THE CELL CYCLE. MITOSIS. MEIOSIS. MENDEL'S LAWS. CLASSICAL MENDELIAN INHERITANCE. AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE INHERITANCE. X-LINKED INHERITANCE. MUTATIONS AND POLYMORPHISMS. SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED MUTATIONS. CLASSIFICATION OF MUTATIONS. POINT MUTATIONS. CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS. NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE. MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE. EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS: METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION. DYNAMIC MUTATIONS. GENETIC IMPRINTING. THE GENETICS OF CANCER. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE (1 CFU, 12 H) CLINICAL PATHOLOGY: FROM LABORATORY MEDICINE REPORT TO DIAGNOSIS. PARAMETERS FOR THE CHOICE AND INTERPRETATION OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: CONCEPT OF SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, PREDICTIVE VALUE (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE), ROC CURVE. NON-PATHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF REFERENCE VALUES: SEX, AGE, RACE, THERAPIES, SMOKING, EXERCISE FIRST LEVEL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND THEIR CHANGES IN MAIN DISEASE CATEGORIES (INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, NEOPLASTIC DISEASES): 1. BLOOD COUNT: DESCRIPTION OF THE CELLULAR COMPONENTS, MAIN REFERENCE VALUES, MAIN PATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS. BLOOD COUNTS IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. LEUKOCYTE FORMULA. LEUKOCYTOSIS: MAIN CAUSES AND DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF NEUTROPHILIA, EOSINOPHILIA, BASOPHILIA, MONOCYTOSIS. LEUKOPENIA. DIAGNOSTIC FRAMEWORK OF THROMBOCYTOSIS AND THROMBOCYTOPENIAS SECONDARY TO INFLAMMATORY DISEASES. 2. IRON STUDIES. PROTEINS INVOLVED IN IRON METABOLISM AND THEIR CHANGES IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASES. 3. ELECTROPHORETIC PROTIDOGRAM: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROFILE, MAIN PROTEIN COMPONENTS, CHANGES IN MAIN PATHOLOGIES. 4. INFLAMMATION INDICES; ESR. CRP. PROCALCITONIN. 5. BIOMARKERS OF LIVER FUNCTION. 6. BIOMARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY. 7. DIAGNOSTICS OF RENAL FUNCTION. URINALYSIS. 8. BLOOD TYPES.

Contents

GENERAL PATHOLOGY MODULE (2 CFU, 24 H)
DEFINITION OF DISEASE AND MORBID CONDITION, ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS.
PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS OF ILLNESS.
INTRINSIC CAUSE OF DISEASE: GENERAL CONCEPTS.
PROCESSES WITH A DEFENSIVE PURPOSE.
INFLAMMATION. ACUTE INFLAMMATION: BLOOD-VASCULAR PHENOMENA, PHAGOCYTOSIS, EXUDATES, INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS.
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
FEVER, DEFINITION. THERMOREGULATION
COURSE AND TYPES OF FEVER.
REPAIR AND REGRESSIVE PROCESSES.
PATHOLOGICAL GROWTH: NORMAL CELL GROWTH, CELL CYCLE, ITS REGULATION AND ALTERATIONS.
TUMORS: DEFINITION. GENETIC ASPECTS OF NEOPLASTIC DEVELOPMENT.
HORMONES: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND DOSAGES.
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HORMONES.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM.
DIABETES: DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION, PATHOGENESIS AND CONSEQUENT METABOLIC ALTERATIONS.
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.
INNATE IMMUNITY AND ACQUIRED IMMUNITY: MECHANISMS OF ACTION AND DEVELOPMENT.
STAGES OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE.
ANTIBODIES. THE STRUCTURE OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS.
CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS.
ALLERGIES AND HYPERSENSITIVITY.
TYPES OF HYPERSENSITIVITY. AUTOIMMUNITY.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES.
MONOCLONAL AND POLYCLONAL GAMMOPATHY.
IMMUNOLOGY OF TRANSPLANTS.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD AND OXYGEN TRANSPORT.
CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL EFFECTS OF ANEMIAS.
POLYCYTHEMIAS AND POLYGLOBULIAS.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LEUKOPOIESIS. LEUKEMIA AND ERYTREMIA.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF COAGULATION AND CIRCULATION.
HEMOSTASIS AND COAGULATION; DEFINITION AND PATHOGENESIS OF THROMBOSIS AND EMBOLISM.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE LIVER.
PHYSIOPATHOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY.

MEDICAL GENETICS MODULE (1 CFU, 12 H)
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GENES AND HUMAN GENOME.
STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND FUNCTIONS OF DNA.
TRANSCRIPTION AND MATURATION OF RNAS.
EXONS-INTRON STRUCTURE.
ALTERNATIVE TRANSCRIPTS AND PROTEIN ISOFORMS.
SYNTHESIS OF PROTEINS AND GENETIC CODE.
ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN GENOME.
HUMAN CHROMOSOMES.
EUCROMATIN AND HETEROCHROMATIN.
SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY OF CHROMOSOMES.
THE CELL CYCLE.
MITOSIS.
MEIOSIS.
MENDEL'S LAWS.
CLASSICAL MENDELIAN INHERITANCE.
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE INHERITANCE.
X-LINKED INHERITANCE.
MUTATIONS AND POLYMORPHISMS.
SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED MUTATIONS.
CLASSIFICATION OF MUTATIONS.
POINT MUTATIONS.
CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS.
NON-MENDELIAN INHERITANCE.
MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE.
EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS: METHYLATION, HISTONE MODIFICATION.
DYNAMIC MUTATIONS.
GENETIC IMPRINTING.
THE GENETICS OF CANCER.

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE (1 CFU, 12 H)
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY: FROM LABORATORY MEDICINE REPORT TO DIAGNOSIS.
PARAMETERS FOR THE CHOICE AND INTERPRETATION OF DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: CONCEPT OF SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, PREDICTIVE VALUE (POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE), ROC CURVE.
NON-PATHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF REFERENCE VALUES: SEX, AGE, RACE, THERAPIES, SMOKING, EXERCISE
FIRST LEVEL DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND THEIR CHANGES IN MAIN DISEASE CATEGORIES (INFECTIOUS DISEASES, CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES, NEOPLASTIC DISEASES):
1. BLOOD COUNT: DESCRIPTION OF THE CELLULAR COMPONENTS, MAIN REFERENCE VALUES, MAIN PATHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS. BLOOD COUNTS IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. LEUKOCYTE FORMULA. LEUKOCYTOSIS: MAIN CAUSES AND DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF NEUTROPHILIA, EOSINOPHILIA, BASOPHILIA, MONOCYTOSIS. LEUKOPENIA. DIAGNOSTIC FRAMEWORK OF THROMBOCYTOSIS AND THROMBOCYTOPENIAS SECONDARY TO INFLAMMATORY DISEASES.
2. IRON STUDIES. PROTEINS INVOLVED IN IRON METABOLISM AND THEIR CHANGES IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ANEMIA OF CHRONIC DISEASES.
3. ELECTROPHORETIC PROTIDOGRAM: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROFILE, MAIN PROTEIN COMPONENTS, CHANGES IN MAIN PATHOLOGIES.
4. INFLAMMATION INDICES; ESR. CRP. PROCALCITONIN.
5. BIOMARKERS OF LIVER FUNCTION.
6. BIOMARKERS OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY.
7. DIAGNOSTICS OF RENAL FUNCTION. URINALYSIS.
8. BLOOD TYPES.

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH LECTURES. THE COURSE INCLUDES 24 HOURS OF LECTURES FOR THE GENERAL PATHOLOGY MODULE, 12 HOURS FOR THE MEDICAL GENETICS MODULE AND 12 HOURS FOR THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE. LECTURES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE USE OF VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEMS FOR VIEWING POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS. THE LESSONS WILL INTRODUCE SUBJECTS WITH GRADUAL COMPLEXITY ADEQUATELY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRAINING PATH AND WILL BE SUPPORTED BY TEACHING METHODOLOGIES OF DIFFERENT NATURE BUT ALWAYS PROVIDING THE STUDENT IN THE FOREGROUND, WHO WILL BE ACTIVELY INVOLVED BY INTERVENING WITH PROPOSALS AND QUESTIONS. ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. TO TAKE THE FINAL EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED AT LEAST 75% OF THE TEACHING HOURS.

Teaching Methods

THE COURSE IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH LECTURES. THE COURSE INCLUDES 24 HOURS OF LECTURES FOR THE GENERAL PATHOLOGY MODULE, 12 HOURS FOR THE MEDICAL GENETICS MODULE AND 12 HOURS FOR THE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY MODULE. LECTURES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE USE OF VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEMS FOR VIEWING POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS. THE LESSONS WILL INTRODUCE SUBJECTS WITH GRADUAL COMPLEXITY ADEQUATELY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRAINING PATH AND WILL BE SUPPORTED BY TEACHING METHODOLOGIES OF DIFFERENT NATURE BUT ALWAYS PROVIDING THE STUDENT IN THE FOREGROUND, WHO WILL BE ACTIVELY INVOLVED BY INTERVENING WITH PROPOSALS AND QUESTIONS.
ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. TO TAKE THE FINAL EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED AT LEAST 75% OF THE TEACHING HOURS.

	Verification of learning
	THE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING BY THE STUDENT IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH AN ORAL EXAMINATION THAT WILL FOCUS ON THE TOPICS OF THE THREE MODULES THAT MAKE UP THE COURSE. TO PASS THE EXAM, THE ORAL VERIFICATION OF ALL THREE MODULES IS REQUIRED. IN CASE OF A NEGATIVE RESULT, THE STUDENT CAN STILL TAKE THE EXAM AGAIN DURING THE SUBSEQUENT APPEALS. THE FINAL EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE OUTCOME OF THE ORAL EXAMINATION AND WILL THEREFORE PROVIDE A MARK OUT OF THIRTY.

Verification of learning

THE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING BY THE STUDENT IS CARRIED OUT THROUGH AN ORAL EXAMINATION THAT WILL FOCUS ON THE TOPICS OF THE THREE MODULES THAT MAKE UP THE COURSE. TO PASS THE EXAM, THE ORAL VERIFICATION OF ALL THREE MODULES IS REQUIRED. IN CASE OF A NEGATIVE RESULT, THE STUDENT CAN STILL TAKE THE EXAM AGAIN DURING THE SUBSEQUENT APPEALS. THE FINAL EVALUATION WILL TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION THE OUTCOME OF THE ORAL EXAMINATION AND WILL THEREFORE PROVIDE A MARK OUT OF THIRTY.

	Texts
	-“PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE”, ROBBINS & COTRAN, 9TH EDITION, ELSEVIER. -“EMERY'S ELEMENTS OF MEDICAL GENETICS”, TURNPENNY AND ELLARD, 14TH EDITION, ELSEVIER. -NOTES FROM THE LESSONS. -INTERNET RESOURCES.

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Cristiana STELLATO | GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND GENETICS