BIOMEDICAL DEVICES AND SENSORS

Daniele ESPOSITO BIOMEDICAL DEVICES AND SENSORS

0612800012
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
EQF6
INFORMATION ENGINEERING FOR DIGITAL MEDICINE
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
SPRING SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
648LESSONS
18LAB
216EXERCISES
Objectives
OBJECTIVES
THE COURSE PRESENTS THE MAIN BIOMEDICAL SENSORS FROM A FUNCTIONAL POINT OF VIEW AND HOW THEY INTERFACE WITH MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEMS FOR ACQUIRING AND PROCESSING OF INFORMATION ACCORDING TO DATA QUALITY STANDARDS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE SENSORS UNDERLYING THE SYSTEMS FOR DETECTING BIOMEDICAL MEASURES. UNDERSTANDING OF HOW TO INTERFACE WITH MICROCONTROLLER-BASED ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS WITH REFERENCE TO THE DESIRED STATIC AND DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT A DEVICE FOR MONITORING VITAL PARAMETERS BY IDENTIFYING THE
APPROPRIATE SENSORS FOR A SPECIFIC APPLICATION AND INTERFACING THEM WITH A SYSTEM PROGRAMMED FOR THE ACCURATE ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF INFORMATION.
Prerequisites
KNOWLEDGE OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ARE REQUIRED TO SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVE THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES.

PROPEDEUCITY: BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS
Contents
DIDACTIC UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO BIOSIGNAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 6/0/0)

- 1 (2 HOURS LECTURE): INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE: FROM THE CONCEPT OF DIAGNOSTICS TO THE NEW VISION OF DIGITAL MEDICINE.
- 2 (2 HOURS LECTURE): ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOSIGNALS.
- 3 (2 HOURS LECTURE): FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION AND ARCHITECTURE OF A SYSTEM FOR MEASURING BIOSIGNALS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOSIGNALS, ARCHITECTURE OF A SYSTEM FOR BIOMEDICAL MEASUREMENTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO LEARN THE SPECIFIC LANGUAGE OF BIOMEDICAL SENSORS, TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEMS UNDERLYING THE DETECTION OF BIOSIGNALS (NOISE, VARIABILITY, SPURIOUS INPUT); TO BE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH THE ROLE OF THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF A BIOMEDICAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM (SENSOR, CONDITIONING SYSTEM, ACQUISITION SYSTEM); TO KNOW THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS IN THE BIOMEDICAL FIELD.


DIDACTIC UNIT 2 - DETERMINING THE STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEASURING SYSTEM
(LECTURE/ PRACTICE /LABORATORY HOURS 6/2/0)

- 4 (2 HOURS LECTURE): STATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A BIOSIGNAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
- 5 (2 HOURS LECTURE): DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A BIOSIGNAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
- 6 (2 HOURS LECTURE): INTRODUCTION TO THE PYTHON LANGUAGE FOR PROCESSING DATA ACQUIRED WITH MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
- 7 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): PROCESSING OF DATA ACQUIRED FROM A SENSOR FOR DETERMINING STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO KNOW THE PARAMETERS THAT CHARACTERIZE A SYSTEM FOR ACQUIRING BIOMEDICAL DATA BOTH FROM A STATIC POINT OF VIEW (CONCEPT OF SENSITIVITY, LINEARITY, ACCURACY, PRECISION, ETC.) AND FROM A DYNAMIC POINT OF VIEW (RESPONSE TIME, BANDWIDTH).

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
USE THE PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO GRAPHICALLY VISUALIZE DATA ACQUIRED FROM A SENSOR AND PROCESS IT APPROPRIATELY TO GET STATIC AND DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS.


DIDACTIC UNIT 3 - MICROCONTROLLER-BASED ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING SYSTEM
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 6/4/0)

- 8 (2 HOURS LECTURE): INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS AND CONFIGURATION OF GENERAL-PURPOSE INPUT/OUTPUT USING MICROPYTHON LANGUAGE
- 9 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): MANAGING INPUT/OUTPUT PINS USING BUTTONS AND LEDS USING THE SIMULATOR
- 10 (2 HOURS LECTURE): ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION AND CONFIGURATION OF ADC PERIPHERALS USING MICROPYTHON LANGUAGE
- 11 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): ACQUISITION OF SIGNALS FROM ANALOGUE DEVICES (SIMULATION WITH POTENTIOMETER)
- 12 (2 HOURS LECTURE): HINTS ON SERIAL COMMUNICATION AND LIBRARIES IN THE MICROPYTHON LANGUAGE

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
KNOWING THE DIFFERENT PERIPHERALS INSIDE A MICROCONTROLLER COMMONLY USED FOR APPLICATIONS IN THE SENSOR FIELD. INSIGHT INTO MODULES AND FUNCTIONS IN PYTHON LANGUAGE TO BE ABLE TO CONFIGURE AND USE THE GPIO, ADC, UART, I2C, SPI PERIPHERALS

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
KNOWING HOW TO PROGRAM A MICROCONTROLLER TO DETECT ANALOGUE AND/OR DIGITAL SIGNALS, PROCESS THE ACQUIRED DATA, AND DISPLAY/TRANSMIT OUTPUT INFORMATION.


DIDACTIC UNIT 4 - FORCE AND TEMPERATURE SENSORS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 8/4/0)

- 13 (2 HOURS LECTURE): FORCE SENSORS (STRAIN GAUGES, PIEZORESISTANCES, LOADCELLS)
- 14 (2 HOURS LECTURE): CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS FOR CORRECT DATA ACQUISITION, WITH REFERENCE TO VARIOUS APPLICATIONS IN THE BIOMEDICAL FIELD
- 15 - 16 (4 HOURS LECTURE): TEMPERATURE SENSORS (THERMISTORS, THERMOCOUPLES, INFRARED THERMOMETERS)
- 17-18 (4 HOURS PRACTICE): SELECTION OF SENSORS FOR APPLICATION AREA; INTERPRETATION OF CHARACTERISTICS FROM THEIR DATASHEETS; TEMPERATURE SENSOR SIMULATION WITH NTC THERMISTOR AND OLED I2C DISPLAY

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
OPERATING PRINCIPLE AND MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC SENSORS SUCH AS RESISTIVE STRAIN GAUGES, NTC THERMISTORS AND THERMOCOUPLES. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION, POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF IR THERMOGRAPHY IN THE BIOMEDICAL FIELD.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO BE ABLE TO COMPARE DIFFERENT SENSORS BASED ON THEIR PARAMETERS; TO BE ABLE TO DESIGN SYSTEMS FOR MEASURING FORCE AND TEMPERATURE.


DIDACTIC UNIT 5 - LAB WORK1: TEMPERATURE SENSORS (THERMISTOR, THERMOCOUPLE, IR THERMOGRAPHY)
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 0/0/6)

- 19 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): DESIGN OF A DIGITAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR FOR MEASURING BODY TEMPERATURE BASED ON NTC THERMISTOR, ESP32, OLED DISPLAY
- 20 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PREVIOUSLY DESIGNED DIGITAL TEMPERATURE SENSOR
- 21 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURES MEASURED BY REFERENCE THERMOCOUPLE AND IR CAMERA.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND INTERPRET A DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING BIOMEDICAL PARAMETERS, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO BODY TEMPERATURE.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO BE ABLE TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT FROM BOTH A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE POINT OF VIEW A SYSTEM FOR ACQUIRING A SIGNAL FROM A TEMPERATURE SENSOR.


DIDACTIC UNIT 6 - LAB WORK2: DEFORMATION/FORCE SENSORS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 0/0/6)

- 22 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): DESIGN OF A BAROPODOMETRIC SYSTEM BASED ON FORCE SENSORS, LEDS AND OLED DISPLAYS, CAPABLE OF ASSESSING POSTURE IMBALANCE.
- 23 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING OF THE PREVIOUSLY DESIGNED BAROPODOMETRIC SYSTEM.
- 24 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): STATIC CALIBRATION OF FORCE SENSORS AND ESTIMATION OF APPLIED WEIGHT.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND INTERPRET A DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING BIOMEDICAL PARAMETERS, WITH SPECIFIC FOCUS ON AN INDIVIDUAL'S POSTURE.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO BE ABLE TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT FROM BOTH A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PERSPECTIVE A SYSTEM FOR ACQUIRING SIGNALS FROM FORCE SENSORS.


DIDACTIC UNIT 7 - ACOUSTIC, OPTICAL AND BIOPOTENTIAL SENSORS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 8/4/0)

- 25 (2 HOURS LECTURE): PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS AND THEIR USE FOR ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTICS
- 26 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): ULTRASONIC SENSOR FOR DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ON A SIMULATOR
- 27 (2 HOURS LECTURE): PHOTORESISTOR, PHOTODIODE AND LED, AND HINTS AT PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY
- 28 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): OPTICAL SENSOR SIMULATION WITH PHOTORESISTOR AND OLED I2C DISPLAY
- 29 (2 HOURS LECTURE): ELECTRODES FOR BIOPOTENTIALS
- 30 (2 HOURS LECTURE): CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN BIOPOTENTIALS DETECTED IN CLINICAL SETTINGS

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSORS BASED ON PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT AND ULTRASONIC SIGNAL PROCESSING. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF A PHOTODIODE AND PROCESSING OF A PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHIC SIGNAL. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAIN BIOSIGNALS (ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC, ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC, ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC), ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO ACQUIRE, ANALYZE AND PROCESS AN ACOUSTIC, OPTICAL AND BIOELECTRIC SIGNAL TO EXTRACT MORPHOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION.


DIDACTIC UNIT 8 - LAB WORK3: ULTRASONIC SENSORS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 0/0/6)

- 31 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): DESIGN OF AN ULTRASOUND SYSTEM CAPABLE OF TRACING THE PROFILE OF AN OBJECT ON AN OLED DISPLAY
- 32 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PREVIOUSLY DESIGNED ULTRASOUND DEVICE
- 33 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): TESTING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE PREVIOUSLY IMPLEMENTED DEVICE

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND INTERPRET A DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR A DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM BASED ON ULTRASONIC WAVE GENERATION AND DETECTION.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
ABILITY TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT FROM BOTH A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PERSPECTIVE AN ULTRASONIC DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM, CONSISTING OF A MICROCONTROLLER CONNECTED TO AN ULTRASONIC SENSOR AND AN OLED DISPLAY.


DIDACTIC UNIT 9 - LAB WORK4: CARDIOVASCULAR ACTIVITY MONITORING
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 0/0/6)

- 34 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): DESIGN OF A SYSTEM FOR THE ACQUISITION OF PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHIC AND ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC SIGNALS AND REAL-TIME VISUALIZATION ON AN OLED DISPLAY
- 35 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ALGORITHM TO DETECT HEART RATE FROM ACQUIRED SIGNALS
- 36 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): IMPLEMENTATION OF A HEART RATE MONITORING DEVICE BASED ON ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AND PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAM

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND INTERPRET A DESIGN SPECIFICATION FOR A CARDIOVASCULAR MONITORING SYSTEM.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
TO BE ABLE TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT FROM BOTH A HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE PERSPECTIVE A SYSTEM CAPABLE OF ACQUIRING OPTICAL AND BIOPOTENTIAL SIGNALS, DISPLAYING THEM ON AN OLED DISPLAY AND PROCESSING THEM TO EXTRACT THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS.


TOTAL LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 34/14/24
Teaching Methods
TEACHING INCLUDES LECTURES, PRACTICES AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES.
Verification of learning
THE EXAMINATION IS AIMED AT ASSESSING, OVERALL, THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES BY VERIFYING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED DURING THE LECTURES, AS WELL AS THE ABILITY TO APPLY THIS KNOWLEDGE IN THE DESIGN OF MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS.
THE EXAMINATION CONSISTS OF A WRITTEN TEST AND AN ORAL TEST.
THE WRITTEN TEST IS AIMED AT ESTABLISHING THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED BY THE STUDENT. THE ORAL TEST WILL BE MAINLY AIMED AT ASCERTAINING THE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE COURSE WITH PARTICULAR FOCUS ON THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION EXPERIENCES MADE DURING THE LABORATORY LESSONS.
FAILURE TO PASS THE WRITTEN TEST PREVENTS ACCESS TO THE ORAL TEXT.
THE FINAL EVALUATION, EXPRESSED IN THIRTIETHS WITH POSSIBLE HONOURS, WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT BOTH TESTS IN EQUAL WEIGHT, AND WILL ALSO DEPEND ON THE COMMUNICATION SKILLS, THE QUALITY OF THE EXPOSITION, THE AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT AND THE ABILITY TO LEARN SHOWN BY THE STUDENT.
Texts
MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION APPLICATION AND DESIGN. J. G. WEBSTER. JOHN WILEY AND SONS

SENSORI PER MISURE BIOMEDICHE D. DE ROSSI, A. AHLUWALIA, A. MAZZOLDI, D. PEDE, E. P. SCILINGO. PÀTRON EDITORE.
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THE COURSE IS HELD IN ITALIAN
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