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COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLINICAL MONITORING

Daniele ESPOSITO COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLINICAL MONITORING

0612800018
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
EQF6
INFORMATION ENGINEERING FOR DIGITAL MEDICINE
2024/2025

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 3
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2022
AUTUMN SEMESTER
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
432LESSONS
216EXERCISES
324LAB
DANIELE ESPOSITO T Curriculum
Objectives
OBJECTIVES
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE COURSE IS TO PROVIDE STUDENTS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF THE MAIN BIOMEDICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF ECG, EMG, EEG TRACES; PRESSURE SENSORS, ENZYMATIC SENSORS, OPTICAL SENSORS, PLASMONIC SENSORS; CT, PET, MRI SYSTEMS; ULTRASOUND SYSTEMS AND THEIR USE FOR THE REALISATION OF CLINICAL MONITORING APPLICATIONS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOMEDICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS. SIGNAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECG, EMG, EEG TRACES; PRESSURE SENSORS, ENZYMATIC SENSORS, OPTICAL SENSORS, PLASMONIC SENSORS. CT, PET, MRI SYSTEMS; ULTRASOUND SYSTEMS.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
DESIGNING SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS CAPABLE OF EVALUATING THE QUALITY AND PROCESSING THE SIGNALS PRODUCED BY SENSORS. PROCESS DATA PRODUCED BY CT, PET, MRI AND ULTRASOUND SYSTEMS.
Prerequisites
KNOWLEDGE OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS, PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY AND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES ARE REQUIRED TO SUCCESSFULLY ACHIEVE THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES.
PREREQUISITES: BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING; BIOMEDICAL DEVICES AND SENSORS
Contents
DIDACTIC UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 6/0/2)
- 1 (2 HOURS LECTURE): APPLICATIONS OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: IN-HOSPITAL MONITORING, HOME CARE, PERSONALISED MEDICINE; PRECISION MEDICINE, MOBILE HEALTH-CARE (MHEALTH), CURRENT LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES; OVERVIEW OF EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT, CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND BIOIMAGING; STANDARDS FOR BIOMEDICAL DATA AND IMAGE INTERCHANGE.
- 2-3 (4 HOURS LECTURE): RECALLS OF THE MAIN BIOMEDICAL DEVICES AND SENSORS FOR CLINICAL USE.
- 4 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): DEMONSTRATION OF THE OPERATION OF THE "MULTI-PARAMETER MONITOR" FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC SIGNAL, RESPIRATORY SIGNAL, ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION AND BLOOD PRESSURE.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES AND BIOMEDICAL SENSORS USED FOR CLINICAL MONITORING.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO CHOOSE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES AND BIOMEDICAL SENSORS ACCORDING TO THE TYPE OF CLINICAL APPLICATION.

DIDACTIC UNIT 2: MONITORING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 4/6/4)
- 5 (2 HOURS LECTURE): MONITORING OF CARDIAC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG); INSTANTANEOUS CARDIAC VECTOR; BIPOLAR LEADS (EINTHOVEN TRIANGLE), WILSON UNIPOLAR LEADS, GOLDBERGER AUGMENTED UNIPOLAR LEADS, PRECORDIAL LEADS; CARDIAC CYCLE; ECG SIGNAL WAVES (P, QRS COMPLEX, T).
- 6-7 (4 HOURS LABORATORY): USE OF "PATIENT SIMULATOR" TO GENERATE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ECG SIGNALS; ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF ECG SIGNALS FROM PATIENT SIMULATOR AND/OR ECG SENSORS AND MICROCONTROLLER BOARD.
- 8-9-10 (6 HOURS PRACTICE): IMPLEMENTATION OF ALGORITHMS FOR QRS DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF INTER-BEAT INTERVALS AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY (HRV); DIGITAL FILTERING OF ECG SIGNAL FOR REMOVAL OF CONTINUOUS COMPONENT, NETWORK NOISE, MOTION ARTEFACTS, AND MUSCLE ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY.
- 11 (2 HOURS LECTURE): MONITORING OF CARDIAC MECHANICAL ACTIVITY; CARDIAC SOUNDS; INTRODUCTION TO FORCE CARDIOGRAPHY (FCG), SEISMOCARDIOGRAPHY (SCG) AND GYROCARDIOGRAPHY (GCG) TECHNIQUES.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT ALGORTIMS FOR PROCESSING CARDIAC ACTIVITY SIGNALS.

DIDACTIC UNIT 3: MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 2/0/2)
- 12 (2 HOURS LECTURE): OUTLINES OF BLOOD PRESSURE PHYSIOLOGY; SYSTOLIC, DIASTOLIC AND MEAN BLOOD PRESSURE; INVASIVE METHOD OF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; NON-INVASIVE METHODS OF BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT: PALPATORY, AUSCULTATORY AND OSCILLOMETRIC METHODS; PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; ARTERIAL PULSATION.
- 13 (2 HOURS LABORATORY): USE OF THE "MULTI-PARAMETER MONITOR" FOR THE ACQUISITION OF BLOOD PRESSURE BY NON-INVASIVE OSCILLOMETRIC METHOD UNDER DIFFERENT EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS; ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF SIGNALS FROM ARTERIAL PULSATION USING PRESSURE SENSORS AND MICROCONTROLLER BOARD.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING TECHNIQUES.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT ALGORITHMS FOR PROCESSING ARTERIAL PULSE SIGNALS.

DIDACTIC UNIT 4: BIOSENSORS FOR MONITORING CLINICAL PARAMETERS
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 4/0/4)
- 14 (2 HOURS LECTURE): BLOOD GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT; ENZYMATIC SENSORS; PLASMONIC SENSORS; CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY DEVICES.
- 15 (2 HOURS LECTURE) NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GAS MONITORING; TRANSCUTANEOUS MONITORING OF ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION (PULSED OXIMETRY); TRANSMISSION AND REFLECTION PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY (PPG);
- 16-17 (4 HOURS LABORATORY): USE OF EQUIPMENT FOR ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHIC SIGNALS.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN BIOSENSORS USED IN THE MONITORING OF CLINICAL PARAMETERS.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS FROM BIOSENSORS.

DIDACTIC UNIT 5: MEASUREMENTS IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 2/2/4)
- 18 (2 HOURS LECTURE): OUTLINES OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF RESPIRATION; INSTRUMENTATION USED FOR CLINICAL USE TO MEASURE LUNG VOLUMES, FLOWS AND PRESSURES: SPIROMETERS, PNUEMOTACHOGRAPHS AND PLETHYSMOGRAPHS.
- 19-20 (4 HOURS LABORATORY): ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS OF THORACIC PLETHYSMOGRAPHY SIGNALS (THORACIC VOLUME VARIATION DURING THE RESPIRATORY CYCLE) ACQUIRED USING RESISTIVE BANDS/PRESSURE SENSORS AND MICROCONTROLLER BOARD.
- 21 (2 HOURS PRACTICE): DIGITAL FILTERING OF THORACIC PLETHYSMOGRAPHY SIGNALS FOR REMOVAL OF CONTINUOUS COMPONENT AND MOTION ARTEFACTS.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN RESPIRATORY MONITORING TECHNIQUES.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT RESPIRATORY SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS.

DIDACTIC UNIT 6: MONITORING MUSCLE ACTIVITY
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 4/6/4)
- 22 (2 HOURS LECTURE): OUTLINES OF NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG); INVASIVE AND NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUES FOR EMG SIGNAL ACQUISITION; EMG SIGNAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR AMPLITUDE AND FREQUENCY PARAMETER EXTRACTION.
- 23 (2 HOURS LECTURE): MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION; OUTLINE OF FORCE MYOGRAPHY (FMG) TECHNIQUE; NON-INVASIVE TECHNIQUES FOR FMG SIGNAL ACQUISITION FROM PRESSURE SENSORS.
- 24-25 (4 HOURS LABORATORY): SIMULTANEOUS ACQUISITION OF EMG AND FMG SIGNALS DURING VOLUNTARY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS OF THE SAME MONITORED MUSCLE.
- 26-27-28 (6 HOURS LABORATORY): DIGITAL FILTERING OF EMG SIGNAL FOR REDUCTION OF NOISE DUE TO NETWORK INTERFERENCE AND MOTION ARTEFACTS; ALGORITHMS FOR EXTRACTION OF LINEAR ENVELOPE OF EMG SIGNAL (EMG-LE); PROCESSING OF FMG SIGNAL FOR REMOVAL OF CONTINUOUS COMPONENT AND MOTION ARTEFACTS; COMPARISON OF EMG-LE AND FMG AS MUSCLE FORCE ESTIMATORS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING MUSCLE ACTIVITY.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT ALGORITHMS FOR PROCESSING MUSCLE ACTIVITY SIGNALS.

DIDACTIC UNIT 7: MONITORING BRAIN ACTIVITY
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 2/2/0)
- 29 (2 HOURS LECTURE): HINTS ON ENCEPHALIC BIOPOTENTIALS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG); EEG SIGNAL ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES: INTERNATIONAL 10-20 SYSTEM; EVOKED POTENTIALS (EP); EEG AND EP MAPS.
- 30-31 (4 HOURS PRACTICE): EEG SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS; EXERCISE WITH EEGLAB SOFTWARE.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING ENCEPHALIC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHMS OF ENCEPHALIC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY.

DIDACTIC UNIT 8: IMAGING IN MEDICINE
(LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 10/0/0)
- 32 (2 HOURS LECTURE): INTRODUCTION TO IMAGING IN MEDICINE; WORKFLOW: IMAGE ACQUISITION, IMAGE MANAGEMENT (DICOM STANDARD), IMAGE PROCESSING, DIAGNOSIS; ANATOMICAL/STRUCTURAL IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL IMAGING.
- 33-34-35 (6 HOURS LECTURE): PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF MAJOR MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES: DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT); BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET); NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (NMR); ULTRASOUND (A-MODE, B-MODE, DOPPLER).
- 36 (2 HOURS LECTURE): QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF A MEDICAL IMAGE; SPATIAL SAMPLING: PIXELS AND VOXELS; AMPLITUDE RESOLUTION; CONTRAST RESOLUTION; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; HISTOGRAM; GREY AND COLOUR LEVELS; SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO. MAIN DIGITAL FILTERING TECHNIQUES OF MEDICAL IMAGES: HISTOGRAM EQUALISATION, NOISE REDUCTION, CONTRAST AND CONTOUR ENHANCEMENT; SEGMENTATION; EXTRACTION OF REGIONS OF INTEREST (ROI).

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE MAIN IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING ALGORITHMS.

(TOTAL LECTURE/PRACTICE/LABORATORY HOURS 34/18/20)
Teaching Methods
TEACHING INCLUDES LECTURES, PRACTICES AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES.
Verification of learning
THE EXAMINATION CONSISTS OF A WRITTEN TEST AND AN ORAL TEST. FAILURE TO PASS THE WRITTEN TEST PREVENTS ACCESS TO THE ORAL TEST. THE FINAL EVALUATION, EXPRESSED IN THIRTIETHS WITH POSSIBLE HONOURS, WILL TAKE INTO ACCOUNT BOTH TESTS IN EQUAL WEIGHT.
Texts
MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION: APPLICATION AND DESIGN. J.G. WEBSTER

BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS: COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN HEALTH CARE AND BIOMEDICINE. E.H. SHORTLIFFE AND J.J. CIMINO

FONDAMENTI DI INGEGNERIA CLINICA. VOL. 1 AND 2. FP BRANCA. SPRINGER
More Information
THE COURSE IS HELD IN ITALIAN
Lessons Timetable

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