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FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS

Gianfranco RIZZO FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS

0612300018
DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA INDUSTRIALE
EQF6
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2020/2021

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 3
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2018
PRIMO SEMESTRE
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
12120LESSONS
GIANFRANCO RIZZO T Curriculum
CESARE PIANESE Curriculum
MARCO SORRENTINO Curriculum
Objectives
THE AIM OF THE FLUID MACHINERY AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS, TURBINES, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. IT ALSO AIMS TO PROVIDE THE MAIN TOOLS FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND PRELIMINARY SIZING OF THE MAIN THERMAL POWER PLANTS, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. THE COURSE, HELD IN THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE THIRD YEAR OF THE DEGREE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, IS OF 12 CREDITS (ECTS).


KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENT WILL GAIN:
- KNOWLEDGE ON ENERGY CONVERSION, ENERGY BALANCE AND OPTIMUM USE OF ENERGY SOURCES;
- KNOWLEDGE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH CONVENTIONAL, ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES;
- KNOWLEDGE ON THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF VARIOUS THERMAL POWER PLANTS (STEAM, GAS, COMBINED CYCLES, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH OTTO AND DIESEL CYCLES);
- KNOWLEDGE ON THE MAIN TECHNIQUES USED IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE AND POWER OF THERMAL ENGINE SYSTEMS;
- KNOWLEDGE ON THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF THE PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS, ALONG WITH THEIR COUPLING WITH THE PLANT;
- KNOWLEDGE ON CALCULATION METHODS FOR PRELIMINARY SIZING OF ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS WITHIN A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT;
- BASIC KNOWLEDGE ON FLUID DYNAMICS.
ABILITY TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE
AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE MAIN SKILLS WILL BE:
- KNOW-HOW TO FIND THE MOST SUITABLE SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING ENERGY AND THE TYPE OF MACHINE TO BE SELECTED FOR THE PLANT, OPTIMIZING ENERGY FLOWS BASED ON THE CONTEXT;
- QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY FLUXES IN POWER PLANTS AND IN THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES;
- PRELIMINARY SIZING OF ENGINES, TURBINES, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS.
- ABILITY TO ANALYZE ENERGY CONVERSION PROBLEMS IN VARIOUS AREAS AND FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS.
- IDENTIFY THE MOST APPROPRIATE METHODS FOR ANALYZING THE BEST TYPOLOGIES OF A PLANT IN RELATION TO APPLICATIONS AND ANALYZING THEIR ENERGY-SAVING ISSUES.






AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT
THE STUDENT IS CAPABLE OF IDENTIFYING THE MOST SUITABLE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX ENERGETIC PROBLEMS.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS
THE STUDENT IS CAPABLE OF REPRESENTING THE FLUID MACHINES AND THE THERMAL ENGINE PLANTS, INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF THE TRANSFORMATIONS AND THE ENERGY EXCHANGES, BOTH IN ORAL AND WRITTEN FORM, WITH A SUITABLE TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY.

LEARNING SKILLS
KNOW HOW TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TO CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE, AS WELL AS DEEPEN THE TOPICS DISCUSSED USING MATERIALS OTHER THAN THOSE PROPOSED.
Prerequisites
SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF ALL OBJECTIVES REQUIRES DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF THERMODYNAMICS, APPLIED MECHANICS, FLUID DYNAMICS AND FLUID PROPERTIES.
Contents
THE COURSE CONSISTS OF 120 HOURS (12 ECTS) DIVIDED INTO THEORETICAL LESSONS, NUMERICAL EXERCISES AND GUIDED EXERCISES IN LABORATORY.
THE MAIN ARGUMENTS ADDRESSED IN THE COURSE ARE:
- ENERGY SOURCES. PRIMARY SOURCES AND END USES. FUELS. RENEWABLE ENERGIES. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY INTERACTIONS. NOTES ON THE ITALIAN AND REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEM (8 H).
- CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MACHINES. ENGINE AND OPERATING MACHINES, DYNAMIC AND VOLUMETRIC MACHINES, ALTERNATING AND ROTATING MACHINES. HISTORICAL NOTES (2 H).
- THERMODYNAMICS OF MACHINES. APPLICATION OF ENERGY EQUATION TO THE STUDY OF REAL EXPANSIONS AND COMPRESSIONS. ADIABATIC AND POLYTROPIC YIELD. RE-COOLED COMPRESSIONS AND REPEATED EXPANSIONS (10 H).
- STEAM POWER PLANTS: IDEAL, LIMIT AND REAL CYCLES. GLOBAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION. EFFICIENCY CHAIN. STEAM SYSTEMS. RANKINE AND HIRN CYCLES. SUPERHEATING AND REGENERATION. TYPES OF PLANT. STEAM GENERATORS (11H).
- GAS TURBINES: GAS POWER PLANTS. JOULE CYCLE. WORK AND PERFORMANCE. INTERCOOLING AND REHEAT. REGENERATION. COMBINED CYCLES. POWER CONTROL. COMBINED STEAM CYCLES (14 H).
- ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: GENERAL ASPECTS ON ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ICE). HISTORICAL NOTES AND CLASSIFICATION. SPARK-IGNITION AND DIESEL ICE. IDEAL BEAU DE ROCHAS, DIESEL AND SABATHÉ THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES. EFFICIENCY. FACTS ABOUT THE REAL BEHAVIOR OF ENGINES. DISTRIBUTION. HEAT BALANCE. COMBUSTION REACTIONS. POWER AND CURVE CHARACTERISTICS. TWO-STROKE ENGINES. COOLING AND LUBRICATION (18 H).
- FLUID DYNAMICS OF MACHINES: PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OF STAGNATION. PROPAGATION. COMPRESSIBLE ISENTROPIC FLOW. HUGONIOT EQUATIONS. MACH NUMBER. CONVERGING-DIVERGENT DUCTS. STATOR DUCTS (10 H).
- WORK EXCHANGE IN DYNAMIC MACHINES: EULER EQUATION. REACTION RATE R. SPEED TRIANGLES (7 H).
- AXIAL TURBINE ENGINES. IDEAL STAGE R = 0 R = 0.5. POWER LIMITS. MASS FLOW CONTROL AND BASICS (8 H).
- OPERATING MACHINES. HEAD. PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. CHARACTERISTIC CURVES. BALANCE AND STABILITY. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS. SCROLLING AND ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSORS. VOLUMETRIC COMPRESSORS (14 H).
- PUMPS: FIELDS OF USE. CAVITATION. NPSH. VOLUMETRIC FLOW CONTROL. VOLUMETRIC AND ALTERNATIVE PUMPS (13 H).
- HYDRAULIC TURBINES: PELTON, FRANCIS, KAPLAN TURBINES. SPECIFIC SPEED (5 H).
Teaching Methods
TEACHING INCLUDES THEORETICAL LESSONS (85 H), CLASSROOM NUMERICAL EXERCISES (30 H) AND GUIDED LABORATORY EXERCISES (5 H).
THE COURSE IS ORGANIZED AS FOLLOWS:
- CLASSROOM LESSONS RELATED TO ALL TOPICS ADDRESSED IN THE COURSE.
- IN THE CLASSROOM EXERCISES, NUMERICAL EXERCISES ARE ASSIGNED TO THE STUDENTS. THE EXERCISES ARE SELECTED WITH THE AIM OF DEEPENING THE CONCEPTS OF ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS AND OPERATING MACHINES.
- IN THE LABORATORY EXERCISES, THE STUDENTS EXPERIMENTALLY ACQUIRE THE CONTOUR PLAN OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF A DYNAMIC OPERATING MACHINE.
Verification of learning
THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF COURSE OBJECTIVES WILL BE ASSESSED THROUGH AN EVALUATION EXAM (30 IS THE MAXIMUM MARK). VERIFICATION INVOLVES A WRITTEN NUMERICAL TEST, WITH THEORETICAL QUESTIONS, BEYOND WHICH THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO TAKE THE ORAL TEST.
THE WRITTEN NUMERICAL TEST, OF AN AVERAGE DURATION OF 2 HOURS, CONSISTS IN SOLVING A PROBLEM OF THE SAME TYPE AS THOSE SOLVED DURING THE CLASSROOM EXERCISE HOURS AND AVAILABLE ON THE TEACHING WEBSITE. THE TEST ALSO INCLUDES 4 THEORETICAL QUESTIONS. THE MARK IS EXPRESSED IN A SCALE FROM A (MAXIMUM MARK) TO D (MINIMUM MARK) FOR THE ADMISSION.
THE ORAL TEST CONSISTS IN A DISCUSSION, LASTING NO MORE THAN ABOUT 40 MINUTES, FOCUSED ON THE EVALUATION OF THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE, AUTONOMY OF ANALYSIS AND JUDGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS. PARTICULARLY, QUESTIONS ARE FORMULATED ON APPLICATIONS AND OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS, WORK EXCHANGES AND THERMODYNAMICS APPLIED TO THE MACHIES.
THE FINAL MARK GENERALLY COMES FROM THE AVERAGE OF THE TWO TESTS. THE EVALUATION OF THE TESTS TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE CAPABILITIES OF SELECTING THE MOST SUITABLE METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PUMPS, COMPRESSORS AND THERMAL POWER PLANTS, EXPRESSING IN A CLEAR AND CONCISE WAY THE OBJECTIVES, THE METHOD AND RESULTS OF THE PROPOSED PROBLEM SOLVING PROCEDURE, AS WELL AS DEEPENING THE TOPICS WITH REFERENCES DIFFERENT FROM THOSE SUGGESTED.
THE MINIMUM EVALUATION LEVEL IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT EXHIBITS LIMITED COMPETENCE IN SELECTING THE MOST APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY, LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF THE STUDIED WORKING PRINCIPLES AND STILL IMPROVABLE COMMUNICATION SKILLS.
THE MAXIMUM EVALUATION LEVEL (30/30) IS GIVEN WHEN THE STUDENT PROVES HIS COMPLETE AND WIDE KNOWLEDGE OF THE SYSTEMS WORKING PRINCIPLES AND HIS COMPETENCE IN USING THE STUDIED METHODOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS, IN ADDITION TO THE CAPABILITY OF ANALYZING AND SOLVING TECHNO-ENERGETIC PROBLEMS AND SUMMARIZING THE IDENTIFIED SOLUTIONS.
THE MAXIMUM EVALUATION WITH HONORS (30/30 CUM LAUDE) IS GIVEN WHEN THE STUDENT PROVES AN OUTSTANDING COMPETENCE ON THE THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL TOPICS, AS WELL AS HIGH COMMUNICATION AND INVESTIGATION SKILLS ALSO IN CONTEXT DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PROPOSED DURING THE LECTURES.
Texts
G. RIZZO, SUPPORTI DIDATTICI MULTIMEDIALI AL CORSO DI MACCHINE, CD-ROM, CUES.
R. DELLA VOLPE, MACCHINE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI.
R. DELLA VOLPE, ESERCIZI DI MACCHINE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI.
O. ACTON, C. CAPUTO, INTRODUZIONE ALLO STUDIO DELLE MACCHINE, UTET, TORINO, 1979.
O. ACTON, C. CAPUTO, IMPIANTI MOTORI, UTET, TORINO, 1979.
EL WAKIL, POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY, MCGRAW HILL.
R. DELLA VOLPE, M. MIGLIACCIO, MOTORI A COMBUSTIONE INTERNA PER AUTOTRAZIONE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI.
G. FERRARI, MOTORI A COMBUSTIONE INTERNA, IL CAPITELLO, TORINO.
M.J. MORAN, H.N. SHAPIRO, FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, JOHN WILEY AND SONS.
More Information
COURSE SLIDES ARE AVAILABLE AT HTTP://ELEARNING.DIIN.UNISA.IT/
SUBJECT DELIVERED IN ITALIAN.
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