Francesco MARRA | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

cod. 0612200009

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

	0612200009
	DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA INDUSTRIALE
	EQF6
	CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
	2016/2017

CURRICULUM INGEGNERIA CHIMICA Cohort 2015/2016

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2012
	PRIMO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ING-IND/24	12	120	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	ROBERTO PANTANI T Curriculum
	FRANCESCO MARRA Curriculum

	Objectives
	KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Knowledge, understanding and quantitative determination of: main thermodynamic variables of pure species (pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy), material and energy balance in the presence and in the absence of chemical reactions, the Carnot machine, refrigerator cycles, phases compositions at physical equilibrium for ideal and real systems ( with activity coefficients taken from the literature), thermodynamic properties of solutions, compositions of systems with chemical reactions in the gas phase at thermodynamic equilibrium. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING ANALYSIS Ability to solve engineering problems that involve transformations of real and ideal gases, chemical and physical equilibria. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING DESIGN Basic design of heat engines and identification of the most favorable conditions for a chemical reaction. MAKING JUDGMENTS - ENGINEERING PRACTICE: Ability to use a programmable scientific calculator. Using thermodynamic tables and diagrams. LEARNING SKILLS – TRANSVERSAL SKILLS: Acquisition of the specific language of chemical engineering. LEARNING SKILLS – INVESTIGATION SKILLS The student will apply the acquired knowledge in different contexts from those presented during the course, and deepen the topics covered in situations different from those proposed.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Knowledge, understanding and quantitative determination of: main thermodynamic variables of pure species (pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, free energy), material and energy balance in the presence and in the absence of chemical reactions, the Carnot machine, refrigerator cycles, phases compositions at physical equilibrium for ideal and real systems ( with activity coefficients taken from the literature), thermodynamic properties of solutions, compositions of systems with chemical reactions in the gas phase at thermodynamic equilibrium.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING ANALYSIS
Ability to solve engineering problems that involve transformations of real and ideal gases, chemical and physical equilibria.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING – ENGINEERING DESIGN
Basic design of heat engines and identification of the most favorable conditions for a chemical reaction.

MAKING JUDGMENTS - ENGINEERING PRACTICE:
Ability to use a programmable scientific calculator. Using thermodynamic tables and diagrams.

LEARNING SKILLS – TRANSVERSAL SKILLS:
Acquisition of the specific language of chemical engineering.

LEARNING SKILLS – INVESTIGATION SKILLS
The student will apply the acquired knowledge in different contexts from those presented during the course, and deepen the topics covered in situations different from those proposed.

	Prerequisites
	FOR THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF COURSES' GOALS, THE KNOWLEDGE OF CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS AND MATH CALCULATIONS IS REQUIRED.

	Contents
	1) INTRODUCTION, UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY. THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM, THE ANGLO-SAXON SYSTEM, UNITS IN COMMON USE. THE CONCEPT OF THE MOLE. THE MAIN UNITS OF CONCENTRATION: MOLAR FRACTIONS, FRACTIONS AND VOLUMETRIC MASS, PARTS PER MILLION, THE PARTIAL PRESSURES. 2) THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF BALANCE EQUATION AND THE MASS BALANCE. MASS BALANCE OF CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS IN THE ABSENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE TERM ACCUMULATION. THE MASS BALANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: SEPARATORS AND MIXERS. RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS. THE CHEMICAL REACTION, STOICHIOMETRIC NUMBERS, THE DEGREE OF ADVANCEMENT, LIMITING REAGENT. YIELD OF THE REACTION. MASS BALANCE OF REACTIVE SYSTEMS. 3) ENERGY BALANCE: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE ENERGY BALANCE OF OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEMS. STATE VARIABLES. THE INTERNAL ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE ENTHALPY. THE SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE AND CONSTANT VOLUME. 4) VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES. PHASE TRANSITIONS: SOLID-LIQUID AND LIQUID-GAS. PLANES P-V AND T-V. THE IDEAL GAS EQUATION, CUBIC EQUATIONS. NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS. PRINCIPLE OF CORRESPONDING STATES, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AND ACENTRIC FACTOR. 5) THERMAL EFFECTS LINKED TO TRANSFORMATIONS. SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT, CALCULATION OF VAPOR PRESSURES AND LATENT HEATS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE. ENERGY BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEMS. STANDARD HEATS OF FORMATION. TABLES AND CHARTS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. INTERPOLATIONS. THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS OF REACTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST. 6) THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. ENTROPY. STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW. LOST WORK. GIBBS FREE ENERGY. HEAT ENGINES. THE CARNOT MACHINE AND THE CARNOT CYCLE. REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT. 7) THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS. FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES: MAXWELL RELATIONS. PROPERTIES REMAINING. MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND DIAGRAMS TERMODIMANICI. EQUATIONS, CLAPEYRON AND CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION. 8) THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXTURES. PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES, THE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL, GIBBS THEOREM, MIXTURES OF IDEAL GASES AND IDEAL MIXTURES. PROPERTIES OF EXCESS. 9) PHYSICAL BALANCE FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS. IDEAL MIXTURES AND RAOULT'S LAW. DEVIATIONS FROM IDEALITY AND HENRY'S LAW. RAOULT'S LAW GENERALIZED. CALCULATIONS FOR IDEAL AND REAL SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT. EQUATIONS OF MARGULES, VAN LAAR AND WILSON. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES BASED ON BALANCE. FLASH CALCULATIONS FOR BINARY SYSTEMS. AZEOTROPES. THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXING. ENTHALPY-COMPOSITION DIAGRAMS. MISCIBILITY AND IMMISCIBILITY, MISCIBILITY GAPS. CALCULATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF REAL SOLUTIONS AND POINTS OF AZEOTROPE. TERNARY DIAGRAMS. 10) COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES. BOILING POINT ELEVATION. FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION. OSMOTIC PRESSURE. THE LAW OF VAN'T HOFF. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS BY OSMOTIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS. 11) CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM. GENERAL CRITERION OF THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS. STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF FORMATION AND VARIATION OF THE STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF REACTION. THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT, EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT. CALCULATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION. REACTION COORDINATE AND REACTION RATE. CALCULATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR GASEOUS SYSTEMS, AND FOR LIQUID SYSTEMS SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

Contents

1) INTRODUCTION, UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY.
THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM, THE ANGLO-SAXON SYSTEM, UNITS IN COMMON USE. THE CONCEPT OF THE MOLE. THE MAIN UNITS OF CONCENTRATION: MOLAR FRACTIONS, FRACTIONS AND VOLUMETRIC MASS, PARTS PER MILLION, THE PARTIAL PRESSURES.

2) THE GENERAL CONCEPT OF BALANCE EQUATION AND THE MASS BALANCE.
MASS BALANCE OF CLOSED AND OPEN SYSTEMS IN THE ABSENCE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE TERM ACCUMULATION. THE MASS BALANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS: SEPARATORS AND MIXERS. RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS. THE CHEMICAL REACTION, STOICHIOMETRIC NUMBERS, THE DEGREE OF ADVANCEMENT, LIMITING REAGENT. YIELD OF THE REACTION. MASS BALANCE OF REACTIVE SYSTEMS.

3) ENERGY BALANCE: THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
THE ENERGY BALANCE OF OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEMS. STATE VARIABLES.
THE INTERNAL ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS. THE ENTHALPY. THE SPECIFIC HEAT AT CONSTANT PRESSURE AND CONSTANT VOLUME.

4) VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES.
PHASE TRANSITIONS: SOLID-LIQUID AND LIQUID-GAS. PLANES P-V AND T-V. THE IDEAL GAS EQUATION, CUBIC EQUATIONS. NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF EQUATIONS. PRINCIPLE OF CORRESPONDING STATES, COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR AND ACENTRIC FACTOR.

5) THERMAL EFFECTS LINKED TO TRANSFORMATIONS.
SENSIBLE HEAT AND LATENT HEAT, CALCULATION OF VAPOR PRESSURES AND LATENT HEATS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE. ENERGY BALANCE FOR REACTING SYSTEMS. STANDARD HEATS OF FORMATION. TABLES AND CHARTS OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. INTERPOLATIONS. THERMODYNAMIC CALCULATIONS OF REACTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST.

6) THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
ENTROPY. STATEMENTS OF THE SECOND LAW. LOST WORK. GIBBS FREE ENERGY. HEAT ENGINES. THE CARNOT MACHINE AND THE CARNOT CYCLE. REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT.

7) THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS.
FUNDAMENTAL RELATIONS OF THE THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES: MAXWELL RELATIONS. PROPERTIES REMAINING. MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS AND DIAGRAMS TERMODIMANICI. EQUATIONS, CLAPEYRON AND CLAUSIUS-CLAPEYRON EQUATION.

8) THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXTURES.
PARTIAL MOLAR PROPERTIES, THE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL, GIBBS THEOREM, MIXTURES OF IDEAL GASES AND IDEAL MIXTURES. PROPERTIES OF EXCESS.

9) PHYSICAL BALANCE FOR MULTICOMPONENT SYSTEMS.
IDEAL MIXTURES AND RAOULT'S LAW. DEVIATIONS FROM IDEALITY AND HENRY'S LAW. RAOULT'S LAW GENERALIZED. CALCULATIONS FOR IDEAL AND REAL SYSTEMS. ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT. EQUATIONS OF MARGULES, VAN LAAR AND WILSON. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICAL SEPARATION PROCESSES BASED ON BALANCE. FLASH CALCULATIONS FOR BINARY SYSTEMS. AZEOTROPES. THERMODYNAMICS OF MIXING. ENTHALPY-COMPOSITION DIAGRAMS. MISCIBILITY AND IMMISCIBILITY, MISCIBILITY GAPS. CALCULATIONS OF PROPERTIES OF REAL SOLUTIONS AND POINTS OF AZEOTROPE. TERNARY DIAGRAMS.

10) COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES.
BOILING POINT ELEVATION. FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION. OSMOTIC PRESSURE. THE LAW OF VAN'T HOFF. DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHTS BY OSMOTIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS.

11) CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM.
GENERAL CRITERION OF THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM. EQUILIBRIUM IN CHEMICAL REACTIONS. STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF FORMATION AND VARIATION OF THE STANDARD FREE ENERGY OF REACTION. THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT, EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT. CALCULATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS. THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITION. REACTION COORDINATE AND REACTION RATE. CALCULATION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR GASEOUS SYSTEMS, AND FOR LIQUID SYSTEMS SUSCEPTIBLE TO CHEMICAL REACTIONS.

	Teaching Methods
	THE COURSE COVERS LECTURES AND CLASSROOM EXERCISES. IN CLASSROOM EXERCISES ARE PRESENTED SIMPLE PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED ANALYTICALLY OR BY NUMERICAL METHODS. THE LECTURE NOTES AND SOME EXERCISES CARRIED OUT WILL BE AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE WWW.POLYMERTECHNOLOGY.IT

	Verification of learning
	THE ASSESSMENT OF THE GOALS' ACHIEVEMENT WILL BE DONE THROUGH A WRITTEN TEST AND ORAL INTERVIEW. ASSESSMENT WILL ACHIEVE YOUR INTENDED BY A WRITTEN AND ORAL INTERVIEW. THE ESSENTIAL CONDITION TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENCY IS THE RIGHT FORMULATION OF MASS BALANCES WITH OR WITHOUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE ABILITY TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MAIN THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS, THE PROPER APPLICATION OF THE EQUATIONS FOR PHYSICAL EQUILIBRIA AND FOR CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM OF GASEOUS REACTIONS. THE STUDENT REACHES THE LEVEL OF EXCELLENCE ONCE HE PROVES TO BE ABLE TO FACE PROBLEMS NO NOT EXPRESSLY DEALT DURING THE LESSONS. THE FINAL MARK WILL DEPEND ON THE DEGREE OF MATURITY ACQUIRED ON THE CONTENT AND ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE COURSE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE QUALITY OF WRITTEN TEST AND COLLOQUIUM, AND THE AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT DEMONSTRATED.

Verification of learning

THE ASSESSMENT OF THE GOALS' ACHIEVEMENT WILL BE DONE THROUGH A WRITTEN TEST AND ORAL INTERVIEW.
ASSESSMENT WILL ACHIEVE YOUR INTENDED BY A WRITTEN AND ORAL INTERVIEW.
THE ESSENTIAL CONDITION TO ACHIEVE SUFFICIENCY IS THE RIGHT FORMULATION OF MASS BALANCES WITH OR WITHOUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS, THE ABILITY TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE MAIN THERMODYNAMIC DIAGRAMS, THE PROPER APPLICATION OF THE EQUATIONS FOR PHYSICAL EQUILIBRIA AND FOR CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM OF GASEOUS REACTIONS.
THE STUDENT REACHES THE LEVEL OF EXCELLENCE ONCE HE PROVES TO BE ABLE TO FACE PROBLEMS NO NOT EXPRESSLY DEALT DURING THE LESSONS.
THE FINAL MARK WILL DEPEND ON THE DEGREE OF MATURITY ACQUIRED ON THE CONTENT AND ON THE METHODOLOGY OF THE COURSE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE QUALITY OF WRITTEN TEST AND COLLOQUIUM, AND THE AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT DEMONSTRATED.

	Texts
	FONDAMENTI DI TERMODINAMICA DELL’INGEGNERIA CHIMICA, ROTA R., CASA EDITRICE PITAGORA (2004) INTRODUCTION TO CHEM. ENG. THERMODYNAMICS - JM SMITH, HC VAN NESS, MCGRAW-HILL (2005) PERRY'S CHEMICAL ENGINEERING HANDBOOK

	More Information
	MORE INFO ARE AVAILABLE AT HTTP://WWW.POLYMERTECHNOLOGY.IT/DIDACTIC.HTM

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Francesco MARRA | CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS