Marco SORRENTINO | FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS

cod. 0612300018

FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS

	0612300018
	DIPARTIMENTO DI INGEGNERIA INDUSTRIALE
	EQF6
	MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
	2019/2020

PERCORSO COMUNE Cohort 2017/2018

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 3
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	PRIMO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ING-IND/08	12	120	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	CESARE PIANESE T Curriculum
	GIANFRANCO RIZZO Curriculum
	MARCO SORRENTINO Curriculum

	Objectives
	THE AIM OF THE FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS, TURBINES, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. IT ALSO AIMS TO PROVIDE THE MAIN TOOLS FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND PRELIMINARY SIZING OF THE MAIN THERMAL POWER PLANTS, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. THE COURSE, HELD IN THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE THIRD YEAR OF THE DEGREE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, IS OF 12 CREDITS (ECTS). KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: - KNOWLEDGE OF ENERGY CONVERSION, ENERGY BALANCE AND OPTIMUM USE OF ENERGY SOURCES. - KNOWLEDGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH CONVENTIONAL, ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES. - KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF VARIOUS THERMAL POWER PLANTS (STEAM, GAS, COMBINED CYCLES, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH OTTO AND DIESEL CYCLE). - KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN TECHNIQUES USED IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE AND POWER OF THERMAL ENGINE SYSTEMS. - CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF THE PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS, ALONG WITH THEIR COUPLING WITH THE PLANT. - KNOWLEDGE OF CALCULATION METHODS FOR PRELIMINARY SIZING OF ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS WITHIN A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT. - BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF FLUID DYNAMICS. THE MAIN SKILLS (I.E. THE ABILITY TO APPLY ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE) WILL BE: - PRELIMINARY SIZING OF ENGINES, TURBINES, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. - QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SAVINGS AND THERMAL POWER PLANTS. - ANALYZE THE ENERGY FLOWS IN THE MACHINES, BOTH IN IDEAL AND REAL CONDITIONS, TO IDENTIFY THE APPLICATION FIELDS OF THE MACHINES IN RELATION TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRELIMINARY GEOMETRICAL SIZING. - ABILITY TO ANALYZE ENERGY CONVERSION PROBLEMS IN VARIOUS AREAS AND FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS. - IDENTIFY THE MOST APPROPRIATE METHODS FOR ANALYZING THE BEST TYPOLOGIES OF A PLANT IN RELATION TO APPLICATIONS AND ANALYZING THEIR ENERGY-SAVING ISSUES. - KNOW HOW TO FIND THE MOST SUITABLE SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING ENERGY AND THE TYPE OF MACHINE TO BE SELECTED FOR THE PLANT, OPTIMIZING ENERGY FLOWS BASED ON THE CONTEXT. - ANALYSIS CAPACITY FOR THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE ENERGY FLOWS IN PLANTS AND IN THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES. - WORK IN A GROUP AND EXPOSE ORALLY A TOPIC RELATED TO MACHINES AND ENERGY SYSTEMS. - KNOW HOW TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TO CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE, AND TO DEEPEN THE TOPICS DISCUSSED USING MATERIALS OTHER THAN THOSE PROPOSED.

THE AIM OF THE FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS COURSE IS TO PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS, TURBINES, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. IT ALSO AIMS TO PROVIDE THE MAIN TOOLS FOR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND PRELIMINARY SIZING OF THE MAIN THERMAL POWER PLANTS, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. THE COURSE, HELD IN THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE THIRD YEAR OF THE DEGREE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, IS OF 12 CREDITS (ECTS).

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
- KNOWLEDGE OF ENERGY CONVERSION, ENERGY BALANCE AND OPTIMUM USE OF ENERGY SOURCES.
- KNOWLEDGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH CONVENTIONAL, ALTERNATIVE AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.
- KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF VARIOUS THERMAL POWER PLANTS (STEAM, GAS, COMBINED CYCLES, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WITH OTTO AND DIESEL CYCLE).
- KNOWLEDGE OF THE MAIN TECHNIQUES USED IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE AND POWER OF THERMAL ENGINE SYSTEMS.
- CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF THE PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS, ALONG WITH THEIR COUPLING WITH THE PLANT.
- KNOWLEDGE OF CALCULATION METHODS FOR PRELIMINARY SIZING OF ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS WITHIN A TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONTEXT.
- BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF FLUID DYNAMICS.

THE MAIN SKILLS (I.E. THE ABILITY TO APPLY ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE) WILL BE:
- PRELIMINARY SIZING OF ENGINES, TURBINES, PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS.
- QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY SAVINGS AND THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
- ANALYZE THE ENERGY FLOWS IN THE MACHINES, BOTH IN IDEAL AND REAL CONDITIONS, TO IDENTIFY THE APPLICATION FIELDS OF THE MACHINES IN RELATION TO THEIR FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PRELIMINARY GEOMETRICAL SIZING.
- ABILITY TO ANALYZE ENERGY CONVERSION PROBLEMS IN VARIOUS AREAS AND FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS.
- IDENTIFY THE MOST APPROPRIATE METHODS FOR ANALYZING THE BEST TYPOLOGIES OF A PLANT IN RELATION TO APPLICATIONS AND ANALYZING THEIR ENERGY-SAVING ISSUES.
- KNOW HOW TO FIND THE MOST SUITABLE SYSTEMS FOR CONVERTING ENERGY AND THE TYPE OF MACHINE TO BE SELECTED FOR THE PLANT, OPTIMIZING ENERGY FLOWS BASED ON THE CONTEXT.
- ANALYSIS CAPACITY FOR THE QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE ENERGY FLOWS IN PLANTS AND IN THERMAL AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES.
- WORK IN A GROUP AND EXPOSE ORALLY A TOPIC RELATED TO MACHINES AND ENERGY SYSTEMS.
- KNOW HOW TO APPLY THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE TO CONTEXTS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE PRESENTED DURING THE COURSE, AND TO DEEPEN THE TOPICS DISCUSSED USING MATERIALS OTHER THAN THOSE PROPOSED.

	Prerequisites
	SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF ALL OBJECTIVES REQUIRES DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF THERMODYNAMICS, APPLIED MECHANICS, FLUID DYNAMICS AND FLUID PROPERTIES.

	Contents
	THE COURSE CONSISTS OF 120 HOURS (12 ECTS) DIVIDED INTO THERERITECAL LESSONS, NUMERICAL EXERCISES AND GUIDED EXERCISES IN LABORATORY. THE MAIN ARGUMENTS ADDRESSED IN THE COURSE ARE: - ENERGY SOURCES. PRIMARY SOURCES AND END USES. FUELS. RENEWABLE ENERGIES. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY INTERACTIONS. NOTES ON THE ITALIAN AND REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEM (8 H). - CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MACHINES. ENGINE AND OPERATING MACHINES, DYNAMIC AND VOLUMETRIC MACHINES, ALTERNATING AND ROTATING MACHINES. HISTORICAL NOTES (2 H). - THERMODYNAMICS OF MACHINES. APPLICATION OF ENERGY EQUATION TO THE STUDY OF REAL EXPANSIONS AND COMPRESSIONS. ADIABATIC AND POLITROPIC YIELD. RE-COOLED COMPRESSIONS AND REPEATED EXPANSIONS (10 H). - STEAM POWER PLANTS: IDEAL, LIMIT AND REAL CYCLES. GLOBAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION. EFFICIENCY CHAIN. STEAM SYSTEMS. RANKINE AND HIRN CYCLES. SUPERHEATING AND REGENERATION. TYPES OF PLANT. STEAM GENERATORS (11H). - GAS TURBINES: GAS POWER PLANTS. JOULE CYCLE. WORK AND PERFORMANCE. INTERCOOLING AND REHEAT. REGENERATION. COMBINED CYCLES. POWER CONTROL. COMBINED STEAM CYCLES (14 H). - ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: GENERAL ASPECTS ON ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ICE). HISTORICAL NOTES AND CLASSIFICATION. SPARK-IGNITION AND DIESEL ICE. IDEAL BEAU DE ROCHAS, DIESEL AND SABATHÉ THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES. EFFICIENCY. FACTS ABOUT THE REAL BEHAVIOR OF ENGINES. DISTRIBUTION. HEAT BALANCE. COMBUSTION REACTIONS. POWER AND CURVE CHARACTERISTICS. TWO-STROKE ENGINES. COOLING AND LUBRICATION (18 H). - FLUID DYNAMICS OF MACHINES: PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OF STAGNATION. PROPAGATION. COMPRESSIBLE ISENTROPIC FLOW. HUGONIOT EQUATIONS. MACH NUMBER. CONVERGING-DIVERGENT DUCTS. STATOR DUCTS (10 H). - WORK EXCHANGE IN DYNAMIC MACHINES: EULER EQUATION. REACTION RATE R. SPEED TRIANGLES (7 H). - AXIAL TURBINE ENGINES. IDEAL STAGE R = 0 R = 0.5. POWER LIMITS. REGULATORY AND PARTIALISATION NOTES (8 H). - OPERATING MACHINES. HEAD. PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. CHARACTERISTIC CURVES. BALANCE AND STABILITY. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS. SCROLLING AND ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSORS. VOLUMETRIC COMPRESSORS (14 H). - PUMPS: FIELDS OF USE. CAVITATION. NPSH. VOLUMETRIC FLOW CONTROL. VOLUMETRIC AND ALTERNATIVE PUMPS (13 H). - HYDRAULIC TURBINES: PELTON, FRANCIS, KAPLAN TURBINES. SPECIFIC SPEED (5 H).

Contents

THE COURSE CONSISTS OF 120 HOURS (12 ECTS) DIVIDED INTO THERERITECAL LESSONS, NUMERICAL EXERCISES AND GUIDED EXERCISES IN LABORATORY.

THE MAIN ARGUMENTS ADDRESSED IN THE COURSE ARE:
- ENERGY SOURCES. PRIMARY SOURCES AND END USES. FUELS. RENEWABLE ENERGIES. ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY INTERACTIONS. NOTES ON THE ITALIAN AND REGIONAL ENERGY SYSTEM (8 H).
- CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MACHINES. ENGINE AND OPERATING MACHINES, DYNAMIC AND VOLUMETRIC MACHINES, ALTERNATING AND ROTATING MACHINES. HISTORICAL NOTES (2 H).
- THERMODYNAMICS OF MACHINES. APPLICATION OF ENERGY EQUATION TO THE STUDY OF REAL EXPANSIONS AND COMPRESSIONS. ADIABATIC AND POLITROPIC YIELD. RE-COOLED COMPRESSIONS AND REPEATED EXPANSIONS (10 H).
- STEAM POWER PLANTS: IDEAL, LIMIT AND REAL CYCLES. GLOBAL PRODUCTIVITY AND SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION. EFFICIENCY CHAIN. STEAM SYSTEMS. RANKINE AND HIRN CYCLES. SUPERHEATING AND REGENERATION. TYPES OF PLANT. STEAM GENERATORS (11H).
- GAS TURBINES: GAS POWER PLANTS. JOULE CYCLE. WORK AND PERFORMANCE. INTERCOOLING AND REHEAT. REGENERATION. COMBINED CYCLES. POWER CONTROL. COMBINED STEAM CYCLES (14 H).
- ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES: GENERAL ASPECTS ON ALTERNATIVE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES (ICE). HISTORICAL NOTES AND CLASSIFICATION. SPARK-IGNITION AND DIESEL ICE. IDEAL BEAU DE ROCHAS, DIESEL AND SABATHÉ THERMODYNAMIC CYCLES. EFFICIENCY. FACTS ABOUT THE REAL BEHAVIOR OF ENGINES. DISTRIBUTION. HEAT BALANCE. COMBUSTION REACTIONS. POWER AND CURVE CHARACTERISTICS. TWO-STROKE ENGINES. COOLING AND LUBRICATION (18 H).
- FLUID DYNAMICS OF MACHINES: PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE OF STAGNATION. PROPAGATION. COMPRESSIBLE ISENTROPIC FLOW. HUGONIOT EQUATIONS. MACH NUMBER. CONVERGING-DIVERGENT DUCTS. STATOR DUCTS (10 H).
- WORK EXCHANGE IN DYNAMIC MACHINES: EULER EQUATION. REACTION RATE R. SPEED TRIANGLES (7 H).
- AXIAL TURBINE ENGINES. IDEAL STAGE R = 0 R = 0.5. POWER LIMITS. REGULATORY AND PARTIALISATION NOTES (8 H).
- OPERATING MACHINES. HEAD. PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS. CHARACTERISTIC CURVES. BALANCE AND STABILITY. CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS. SCROLLING AND ALTERNATIVE COMPRESSORS. VOLUMETRIC COMPRESSORS (14 H).
- PUMPS: FIELDS OF USE. CAVITATION. NPSH. VOLUMETRIC FLOW CONTROL. VOLUMETRIC AND ALTERNATIVE PUMPS (13 H).
- HYDRAULIC TURBINES: PELTON, FRANCIS, KAPLAN TURBINES. SPECIFIC SPEED (5 H).

	Teaching Methods
	TEACHING INCLUDES THEORETICAL LESSONS (85 H), CLASSROOM NUMERICAL EXERCISES (30 H) AND GUIDED LABORATORY EXERCISES (5 H). THE COURSE IS ORGANIZED AS FOLLOWS: - CLASSROOM LESSONS RELATED TO ALL TOPICS ADDRESSED IN THE COURSE. - IN THE CLASSROOM EXERCISES NUMERICAL EXERCISES ARE ASSIGNED TO THE STUDENTS. THE EXERCISES ARE SELECTED WITH THE AIM OF DEEPENING THE CONCEPTS OF ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS AND OPERATING MACHINES. - IN THE LABORATORY EXERCISES THE STUDENTS EXPERIMENTALLY ACQUIRE THE CONTOUR PLAN OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF A DYNAMIC OPERATING MACHINE.

Teaching Methods

TEACHING INCLUDES THEORETICAL LESSONS (85 H), CLASSROOM NUMERICAL EXERCISES (30 H) AND GUIDED LABORATORY EXERCISES (5 H).
THE COURSE IS ORGANIZED AS FOLLOWS:
- CLASSROOM LESSONS RELATED TO ALL TOPICS ADDRESSED IN THE COURSE.
- IN THE CLASSROOM EXERCISES NUMERICAL EXERCISES ARE ASSIGNED TO THE STUDENTS. THE EXERCISES ARE SELECTED WITH THE AIM OF DEEPENING THE CONCEPTS OF ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS AND OPERATING MACHINES.
- IN THE LABORATORY EXERCISES THE STUDENTS EXPERIMENTALLY ACQUIRE THE CONTOUR PLAN OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF A DYNAMIC OPERATING MACHINE.

	Verification of learning
	THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF COURSE OBJECTIVES WILL BE ASSESSED THROUGH AN EVALUATION EXAM (30 IS THE MAXIMUM MARK). VERIFICATION INVOLVES A WRITTEN NUMERICAL TEST, WITH THERICAL QUESTIONS, BEYOND WHICH THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO TAKE THE ORAL TEST. THE TWO-HOUR NUMERICAL TEST CONSISTS IN SOLVING A PROBLEM OF THE SAME TYPE AS THOSE SOLVED DURING THE EXERCISE HOURS AND AVAILABLE IN THE TEACHING WEBSITE. THE MARK IS EXPRESSED IN A SCALE FROM A (MAX. MARK) TO E (NOT ALLOWED). STUDENTS WHO GET AT LEAST A D MARK AT THE EXAM ARE ADMITTED TO THE ORAL EXAM. THE ORAL TEST CONSISTS IN A DISCUSSION LASTING NO MORE THAN ABOUT 40 MINUTES. THE FINAL MARK GENERALLY COMES FROM THE AVERAGE OF THE TWO TRIALS.

Verification of learning

THE SUCCESSFUL ACHIEVEMENT OF COURSE OBJECTIVES WILL BE ASSESSED THROUGH AN EVALUATION EXAM (30 IS THE MAXIMUM MARK). VERIFICATION INVOLVES A WRITTEN NUMERICAL TEST, WITH THERICAL QUESTIONS, BEYOND WHICH THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO TAKE THE ORAL TEST. THE TWO-HOUR NUMERICAL TEST CONSISTS IN SOLVING A PROBLEM OF THE SAME TYPE AS THOSE SOLVED DURING THE EXERCISE HOURS AND AVAILABLE IN THE TEACHING WEBSITE. THE MARK IS EXPRESSED IN A SCALE FROM A (MAX. MARK) TO E (NOT ALLOWED). STUDENTS WHO GET AT LEAST A D MARK AT THE EXAM ARE ADMITTED TO THE ORAL EXAM.
THE ORAL TEST CONSISTS IN A DISCUSSION LASTING NO MORE THAN ABOUT 40 MINUTES. THE FINAL MARK GENERALLY COMES FROM THE AVERAGE OF THE TWO TRIALS.

	Texts
	G. RIZZO, SUPPORTI DIDATTICI MULTIMEDIALI AL CORSO DI MACCHINE, CD-ROM, CUES (slides available at http://elearning.diin.unisa.it/) R. DELLA VOLPE, MACCHINE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI. R. DELLA VOLPE, ESERCIZI DI MACCHINE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI. O. ACTON, C. CAPUTO, INTRODUZIONE ALLO STUDIO DELLE MACCHINE, UTET, TORINO, 1979. O. ACTON, C. CAPUTO, IMPIANTI MOTORI, UTET, TORINO, 1979. EL WAKIL, POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY, MCGRAW HILL. R. DELLA VOLPE, M. MIGLIACCIO, MOTORI A COMBUSTIONE INTERNA PER AUTOTRAZIONE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI. G. FERRARI, MOTORI A COMBUSTIONE INTERNA, IL CAPITELLO, TORINO. M.J. MORAN, H.N. SHAPIRO, FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, JOHN WILEY ND SONS.

Texts

G. RIZZO, SUPPORTI DIDATTICI MULTIMEDIALI AL CORSO DI MACCHINE, CD-ROM, CUES (slides available at http://elearning.diin.unisa.it/)
R. DELLA VOLPE, MACCHINE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI.
R. DELLA VOLPE, ESERCIZI DI MACCHINE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI.
O. ACTON, C. CAPUTO, INTRODUZIONE ALLO STUDIO DELLE MACCHINE, UTET, TORINO, 1979.
O. ACTON, C. CAPUTO, IMPIANTI MOTORI, UTET, TORINO, 1979.
EL WAKIL, POWER PLANT TECHNOLOGY, MCGRAW HILL.
R. DELLA VOLPE, M. MIGLIACCIO, MOTORI A COMBUSTIONE INTERNA PER AUTOTRAZIONE, LIGUORI, NAPOLI.
G. FERRARI, MOTORI A COMBUSTIONE INTERNA, IL CAPITELLO, TORINO.
M.J. MORAN, H.N. SHAPIRO, FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, JOHN WILEY ND SONS.

	More Information
	ITALIAN LANGUAGE TAUGHT SUBJECT. COURSE SLIDES ARE AVAILABLE AT HTTP://ELEARNING.DIIN.UNISA.IT/

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Marco SORRENTINO | FLUID MACHINES AND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS